TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES USED IN MUSKMELON ON FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE OF Chrysoperla genanigra FREITAS (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE)

ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the world's largest producers of melon (Cucumis melo L.), and Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará are the largest producers states of the country (99% of exports). This crop had great socio- economic importance in the Brazilian Northeast, however, it is affected by insect pests and consequently, large amounts of pesticides are applied to it, which greatly affect beneficial organisms, such as Chrysopidae. This bioassay evaluated the toxicity of nine insecticides used in commercial crops of muskmelon, applied to first- instar larvae of Chrysoperla genanigra of up to 24-hour-old, from mass rearing cultures. Sublethal effects were evaluated, classifying the insecticides into the toxicity classes recommended by the IOBC. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of ten treatments (clothianidin, pymetrozine, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, pyriproxyfen, beta-cyfluthrin+imidacloprid, imidacloprid, beta-cypermethrin and a control consisted of distilled water). The treatments consisted of exposure of thirty larvae to dry residues of each product in Petri dishes, assessing their mortality, duration of instars, sex ratio, fecundity and viability of eggs from adults of the insects evaluated. The products were classified in toxicity classes as harmful (Class 4) (clothianidin, pymetrozine, indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cyfluthrin+imidacloprid, imidacloprid, beta- cypermethrin and pyriproxyfen) and innocuous (Class 1) (chlorantraniliprole) to first -instar larvae of C. genanigra, by calculate their total effect. Based on this work, chlorantraniliprole is the only recommended insecticide for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs in muskmelon crops.

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Sublethal Effects of Four Insecticides on the Seven-Spotted Lady Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz146 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. 2177-2185 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Liu Tengfei ◽

Wang Yao ◽

Zhang Lixia ◽

Xu Yongyu ◽

Zhang Zhengqun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sublethal Effects ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Coccinella Septempunctata ◽

Lady Beetle ◽

Selective Toxicity ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽

Class 1 ◽

Tea Plantations ◽

Toxoptera Aurantii

Abstract To further develop integrated pest management (IPM) strategies against two sucking insect pests, Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintanca) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Toxoptera aurantii Boyer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in Chinese tea plantations, it is important to evaluate the effects of insecticides on biological control agents, such as the seven-spot lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Therefore, we tested the toxicity and sublethal effects of spirotetramat, clothianidin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin on C. septempunctata. The side effects of the active ingredients of the insecticides were evaluated with residual contact tests on the larvae of C. septempunctata in the laboratory. Spirotetramat and clothianidin exhibited lower lethality to C. septempunctata as shown by the higher LC50 values and had higher selectivity for A. spiniferus and T. aurantii based on the selective toxicity ratios being superior to other tested insecticides. Spirotetramat also did not affect survival, longevity, fecundity, and egg hatching of C. septempunctata. Clothianidin and bifenthrin prolonged the duration of larval development stages of C. septempunctata obviously. Clothianidin at >2.5 mg/liter, lambda-cyhalothrin at >0.03 mg/liter, and bifenthrin at >0.125 mg/liter significantly reduced the survival and pupation rates of C. septempunctata larvae. Furthermore, spirotetramat at 3.125 mg/liter was harmless (IOBC class 1) to larvae of this coccinellid species. Based on the results, spirotetramat was innocuous to C. septempunctata larvae compared with clothianidin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin. Therefore, spirotetramat might be incorporated into IPM programs in combination with C. septempunctata for control of A. spiniferus and T. aurantii in the tea plantations.

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NATURAL FEED (ROTIFER) MANAGEMENT ON ORANGE SPOTTED GROUPER Epinephelus coioides LARVAL REARING

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v6i2.9015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Titiek Aslianti ◽

Irwan Setyadi

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Seed Production ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Larval Rearing ◽

Epinephelus Coioides ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Standard Quality ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

C 30

ABSTRACT According to Indonesian Standard Quality, the optimal seed production of orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) has been unsuccessful due to the problems occurred during larval rearing period. Efforts on mass rearing of larvae has been carried out in this study to optimize the natural feeding (rotifer). The purpose of this research was to obtain the information about an appropriate duration time for natural feeding (rotifer) to produce higher survival rate. The treatment for providing rotifers on larvae (days after hatching/DAH) i.e., (A) 20 days, (B) 25 days, (C) 30 days, and (D) 35 days. Rotifers were enriched with DHA Selco. Experiment used fiber tanks with 1 m3 capacity with a completely randomized design (CRD) and three replicates. The larvae was reared to achieve the juvenile phase (D-45). The best results from 1 m3 tanks were then reared using concrete tanks of 6 m3 and 10 m3 capacities. The results showed that feeding of rotifers up to 25 DAH larvae on fiber tanks (1 m3) produced the hughest survival rate (7.63 %). Meanwhile, the mass reared in 6 m3 and 10 m3 concrete tanks produced survival rate of 4.9±3,54% and 8.8±2.26%, respectively. The homogenous size was relatively high (80%) and the seed abnormality was relatively low (0.4%). Keywords: rotifers, feeding time, Orange Spotted grouper larvae, Epinephelus coioides

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EMISSÃO DE ÓXIDO NITROSO ASSOCIADO AO USO DE UREIA NO CULTIVO DE MELÃO AMARELO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i6.5459 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 600

Author(s):

Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo ◽

Renato Innecco ◽

Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Root Part ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Brazilian Northeast ◽

Total Soil Nitrogen

O meloeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, em seu cultivo utiliza-se insumos que podem prejudicar o ambiente; como, os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivou-se avaliar a emissão de N2O em cultivo de meloeiro amarelo ‘Goldex’. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle), 1,0; 1,5 e 2 vezes a quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada para cada estádio. Foi analisado o fluxo de N2O, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca dos frutos, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio total do solo, das plantas e N (NH4+ e NO3-) do solo. O fluxo de N2O teve comportamento temporal irregular durante a fase de plântulas e crescente na floração. Os tratamentos afetaram significativamente a área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio da parte aérea e parte radicular das plantas e do solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio, em dosagens superiores à recomendada, não aumentou a produção do meloeiro. E o cálculo do fator de emissão mostrou que a emissão do N2O não atingiu valores prejudiciais ao ambiente.Palavras-chave: fator de emissão, efeito estufa e nitrogênio. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH UREA USE THE YELLOW MELON CROP ABSTRACT: The melon has great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast. However, in its cultivation uses inputs that can harm the environment; Such as nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emission of N2O in yellow 'Goldex' cultivar. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were: 0 (control), 1.0; 1.5 and 2 times the amount of nitrogen recommended for each stage. N2O flux, leaf area, leaf number, shoot dry mass, fruit dry mass, dry mass of the root portion, total soil nitrogen, of the plants and N (NH4 + and NO3 -) of the soil were analyzed. The flow of N2O had irregular temporal behavior during the seedling phase and increased in flowering. The treatments affected significantly the leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root part, nitrogen of the aerial part and root part of the plants and the soil. The application of nitrogen, in dosages higher than the recommended one, did not increase the production of the melon. And the calculation of the emission factor showed that the emission of N2O did not reach values harmful to the environment.Keywords: emission fator, greenhouse and nitrogen.

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Selectivity of pesticides registered for soybean crop on Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632018v4850348 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 52-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ronaldo Zantedeschi ◽

Anderson Dionei Grützmacher ◽

Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽

Flávio Amaral Bueno ◽

Larissa Longaray Machado

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Trissolcus Basalis ◽

Glufosinate Ammonium ◽

Soybean Crop ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Telenomus Podisi ◽

Laboratory Bioassays

ABSTRACT The use of pesticides in the soybean crop may impair the biological control, if the products are not selective to Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis, which are important stink bug egg parasitoids. This study aimed to assess the selectivity of 15 pesticides registered for soybean crop on adults of T. podisi and T. basalis. Three laboratory bioassays were performed, totaling 18 treatments, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The insecticides (g or mL of a.i.) imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin (0.25 + 0.03), deltamethrin (0.06), thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (0.27 + 0.35), acephate (1.87) and fenitrothion (1.25) are harmful to both parasitoids species. Flubendiamide (1.20), diflubenzuron (2.00), Bacillus thuringiensis (0.08) and lufenuron (0.12) are innocuous to both parasitoids. The fungicides azoxystrobin + flutriafol (0.31 + 0.31), trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (0.37 + 0.44), pyraclostrobin + metconazole (0.33 + 0.12) and trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole (0.94 + 0.40) are innocuous to T. podisi, but slightly harmful to T. basalis. The herbicides glufosinate ammonium salt (0.50) and glyphosate isopropylamine salt (1.20) are innocuous to both parasitoids.

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NATURAL FEED (ROTIFER) MANAGEMENT ON ORANGE SPOTTED GROUPER Epinephelus coioides LARVAL REARING

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v6i2.9015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Titiek Aslianti ◽

Irwan Setyadi

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Larval Rearing ◽

Epinephelus Coioides ◽

Juvenile Phase ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Standard Quality ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

C 30

ABSTRACT According to Indonesian Standard Quality, the optimal seed production of orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) has been unsuccessful due to the problems occurred during larval rearing period. Efforts on mass rearing of larvae has been carried out in this study to optimize the natural feeding (rotifer). The purpose of this research was to obtain the information about an appropriate duration time for natural feeding (rotifer) to produce higher survival rate. The treatment for providing rotifers on larvae (days after hatching/DAH) i.e., (A) 20 days, (B) 25 days, (C) 30 days, and (D) 35 days. Rotifers were enriched with DHA Selco. Experiment used fiber tanks with 1 m3 capacity with a completely randomized design (CRD) and three replicates. The larvae was reared to achieve the juvenile phase (D-45). The best results from 1 m3 tanks were then reared using concrete tanks of 6 m3 and 10 m3 capacities. The results showed that feeding of rotifers up to 25 DAH larvae on fiber tanks (1 m3) produced the hughest survival rate (7.63 %). Meanwhile, the mass reared in 6 m3 and 10 m3 concrete tanks produced survival rate of 4.9±3,54% and 8.8±2.26%, respectively. The homogenous size was relatively high (80%) and the seed abnormality was relatively low (0.4%). Keywords: rotifers, feeding time, Orange Spotted grouper larvae, Epinephelus coioides

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Size, imbibition, and viability of seeds of two creole melon (Cucumis melo L.) from the state of Guerrero, Mexico

RECUBRIMIENTO COMESTIBLE CON BASE DE PIÑON MEXICANO (Jatropha curcas) SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE CHAYOTE MINIMAMENTE PROCESADO ◽

10.32854/agrop.v13i12.1894 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

Author(s):

José L. Escobar-Álvarez ◽

Omar Ramírez-Reynoso ◽

Paulino Sánchez-Santillán ◽

Rocío Cuellar-Olalde ◽

Teolincacíhuatl Romero-Rosales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cucumis Melo ◽

Positive Association ◽

Costa Chica ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Student’S T ◽

Melon Seeds ◽

Cucumis Melo L

Objective: To determine the physical and physiological characteristics of Creole melon seeds from the Costa Chica ofGuerrero.Design/Methodology/Approach: It was established under a completely randomized design, and Student’s t-tests (a=0.05) and correlation with Pearson’s test were performed. Viability and imbibition were carried out using the methodologies described by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA).Results: Creole seeds of the two varieties presented a significant statistical difference (95% confidence level) in the physical quality variables. The imbibition ended at 18 and 32 h in V2 and V1, respectively, after being submerged in water. The humidity percentage was higher in V1 (7.19); while, V2 presented a higher percentage of germination and viability (96 and 90%, respectively). There is a positive association between the humidity and the physical dimensions of the seed and the germination and viability (r2=0.954) that is highly significant (P=0.003).Study Limitations/Implications: Morphological and taxonomic classification studies of the Creole genotypes of the Costa Chica region of Guerrero are required.Findings/Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between the physical and physiological quality of the Creole melon seeds.

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KOMPATIBILITAS CENDAWAN METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (METSCHN.) SOROKIN DENGAN NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN STEINERNEMA SP.

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.217111-118 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Imron Rosyidi ◽

Hari Purnomo ◽

Nanang Tri Haryadi ◽

Mohammad Hoesain

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽

Research Result ◽

Symbiotic Bacteria ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Compatibility Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin with entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema sp. Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin and entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema sp. can be used as biological control of insect pests. The objective of this research was to identify compatibility between fungus M. anisopliae with entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema sp. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and repeated 5 times. The treatment used was M. anisopliae isolates Jombang 1 with Steinernema sp. (M1), M. anisopliae Jombang 2 with Steinernema sp. (M2), M. anisopliae isolates Kediri with Steinernema sp. (M3), M. anisopliae isolates Bondowoso with Steinernema sp. (M4), and M. anisopliae isolates Banyuwangi with Steinernema sp. (M5). Based on this research result, compatibility between the fungus M. anisopliae with entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema sp. was antagonistic. This occurs due to the symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus sp. that produced compounds antimycotic and capable to inhibit the growth of fungus M. anisopliae.

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Toxicity of Granules of Bintaro Leaf Extract (Cerbera odollam Gaertn.) on Armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fab.)

BIOEDUKASI ◽

10.19184/bioedu.v16i1.7717 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Ahmad Habib Sholahuddin ◽

Wachju Subchan ◽

Jekti Prihatin

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Grayak caterpillar is insect pests that become pests of various food crops. Grayak caterpillars cause a decrease in crop productivity and even crop failure if they are not controlled. Pest control using chemical pesticides has many adverse effects on the environment. To minimize the occurrence of environmental damage, then it is used pest control using vegetable insecticides. Bintaro Leaf (Cerbera odollam Gaertn.) is potential as a vegetable insecticide. The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of granule from Bintaro leaf extract (C. odollam Gaertn.) on armyworms (S. litura Fab.). This research was a laboratory experimental research using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Serial concentrations used in this study were 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. The results of this study showed that the granules of Bintaro leaf extract (C. odollam Gaertn.) were effective in causing mortality of armyworms (S. litura Fab.) at 1.5% concentration by 60% and included in toxic category. The value of LC50-48 hour granule from Bintaro leaf extract (C. odollam Gaertn) was 1.41%. Keywords: Spodoptera litura Fab. , Granula extract of Cerbera odollam Gaertn., Vegetable Insecticide.

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The effectiveness of clove oil, its fractions, and clove oil-based fumigant tablet formulations, against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia ◽

10.5994/jei.18.3.191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 191-198

Author(s):

Trijanti Anughrahiyaharti Widinni Asnan ◽

◽

Sri Widayanti Widayanti ◽

Idham Sakti Harahap ◽

Herni Widhisatuti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tribolium Castaneum ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Red Flour Beetle ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Test Results ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Fumigation Chamber ◽

Tablet Formulations ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Indonesia has seen an increase and widespread reports of resistance among stored-product insect pests to phosphine. The use of Syzigium aromaticum (clove oil) as an alternative fumigant may be a useful strategy to control infestation by phosphine-resistant varieties of stored-product insects. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of whole (unfractionated) clove oil as well as its component fractions as a fumigant and repellent against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)), and to develop a simple fumigant formulation for this purpose. The experimental design used to test the effectiveness of clove oil and its fractionation was a completely randomized design (CRD). Meanwhile, testing the effectiveness of tablet formulations was carried out by factorial CRD. Fumigation test results gave LD50 and LD95 values of 0.234 and 1.142 ml/l respectively, for crude clove oil used in a fumigation chamber against T. castaneum. An n-hexane fraction of clove oil tested under the same conditions was more lethal, causing 95% mortality of T. castaneum at the dose of 0.801 ml/l during fumigation. Finally, tablets containing a set proportion of clove oil and naphthalene (1:1) reached LD91 against T. castaneum after 7 days’ fumigation.

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Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of Proteus, Pymetrozine, Deltamethrin, and Pirimicarb on Lady Beetle Hippodamia Variegata (Goeze) (Col.: Coccinellidae)

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/jppr-2013-0021 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 143-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ali Almasi ◽

Qodrat Sabahi ◽

Khalil Talebi ◽

Ardavan Mardani

Keyword(s):

Lady Beetle ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Life Stages ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Class 1 ◽

Hippodamia Variegata ◽

Toxicity Level ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract The implementation of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program requires selecting and using chemicals which are least harmful to natural enemies. In this study, the acute toxicity of the recommended field concentration of four conventional insecticides was evaluated in reference to the different life stages (L3, L4 and adult) of the variegated lady beetle Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The evaluated insecticides were Proteus, pymetrozine, deltamethrin, and pirimicarb. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was used as the experimental design. The means were separated by the least significant difference (LSD). The mortalities of those predators treated with the field recommended concentrations of various insecticides, were significantly different. Proteus showed strong toxicity toward the different life stages of the predator. However, pymetrozine and pirimicarb caused less than a 50% mortality. Based on the lethal concentration (LC50) values at 24 h after treatment, the adult predator was the most susceptible to proteus, followed by deltamethrin, pymetrozine, and pirimicarb values of 35.977, 358.757, 915.667, and 2616.113. Based on sublethal concentrations (LC30), these values were 22.718, 261.957, 569.879, and 1521.424. Based on International Organization of Biological Control (IOBC) classification, the insecticides pirimicarb and pymetrozine were both categorized as having a Class 1 toxicity level (harmless), deltamethrin as having a Class 2 level (slightly harmful), and Proteus, a Class 4 toxicity level (harmful).

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