scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF COWPEA GENOTYPES RESISTANT TO FUSARIUM WILT1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-964
Author(s):  
RISONEIDE DE CÁSSIA ZEFERINO SILVA ◽  
ANTHONY CARLOS DA SILVA ◽  
REZANIO MARTINS CARVALHO ◽  
ANTONIO FÉLIX DA COSTA ◽  
ALESSANDRO NICOLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
The North ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Descriptive Scale ◽  
The University ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt, caused by soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum (Fot), can reduce cowpea bean yield. Considering that genetic control through resistant genotypes is pivotal for Fusarium wilt control, the aim of the present study was to identify cowpea genotypes that are resistant to Fot from the Germplasm Bank of the Pernambuco Agronomic Institute, Embrapa Middle North, and other producing areas in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. The cultivar BR-17 Gurguéia was used as a susceptible control and MNC01-649F-2-1 was used as a resistant control. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy of the University Federal Rural of Pernambuco. Plants with the first pair of expanded leaves were inoculated with a conidial suspension (106 conidia/mL) using the conidia root-immersion methodology. Fusarium wilt severity in plants was assessed 21 d after inoculation, with the aid of a descriptive scale. In the first experiment, we evaluated the resistance of 38 cowpea genotypes, of which 19 (5 moderately resistant and 14 resistant) were selected for the second experiment. In the first experiment, four genotypes (Canapu PE, Miranda IPA 207, Esperança, and BRS Pujante) did not show any symptoms of Fusarium wilt. In the second, 15 genotypes showed high resistance to Fot, including Canapu PE and Miranda IPA 207, which again had no symptoms of Fusarium wilt. In conclusion, this study identified that the genotypes, Canapu PE, Miranda IPA 207, Esperança, and BRS Pujante have greater resistance to Fusarium wilt.

scholarly journals Shortening the Period for Assessing the Resistance of Olive to Verticillium Wilt Using Continuous Lighting

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175
Author(s):  
Gloria María García-Ruiz ◽  
Carlos Trapero ◽  
Francisco Javier López-Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Defoliating Pathotype

The use of continuous and natural lighting was studied to assess the resistance of 12 olive cultivars to the defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae. The plants were inoculated by dipping their bare root system in a conidial suspension. ‘Frantoio’ was used as a moderately resistant control cultivar. Several evaluated cultivars were susceptible to the defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae. However, six of these cultivars were moderately resistant. In most of the evaluated cultivars, continuous lighting allowed for the identification of resistant genotypes during a period that was 3 weeks shorter than that which is normally required in these assessments. This reduction was even greater for the resistant cultivars. The use of continuous lighting could thus be an important tool for use in olive breeding programs, where it is necessary to evaluate many genotypes in short durations and, therefore, to optimize time, space, and labor.

scholarly journals Alternation of cowpea genotypes affects the biology of Callosobruchus maculatus (fabr.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcileyne Pessôa Leite de Lima ◽  
José Vargas de Oliveira ◽  
Reginaldo Barros ◽  
Jorge Braz Torres
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) is an important pest in stored cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., with ample distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The effect of alternation of cowpea genotypes, susceptible (S) and resistant (R), on the biology of (C. maculatus) was studied after four generations. A no-choice test was carried out in a completely randomized design, factorial scheme, with five treatments, four host combinations (RR, RS, SR and SS) and five replications. Each replication consisted of 30 grains of each genotype infested by two insect couples. The number of eggs per female was not different within or between combinations, evidencing that the genotypes and their alternation did not affect C. maculatus fecundity. Egg viability, however, varied between genotypes and between combinations. In combination RR, the longest duration of the immature stage was verified for genotype IT89KD-245; in addition, all genotypes presented the smallest survival for the same stage, resulting in a higher mortality of the pest. The resistance index categorized combination RR as moderately resistant for genotypes IT89KD-245, BR14-Mulato and BR17-Gurguéia, and as susceptible (S) only for IT89KD-260, demonstrating that these combinations were not very adequate for the development of C. maculatus, a fact that was confirmed by the better performance of the pest on the genotype from combination SS, and because of a reduction in its performance when it returned to resistant genotypes.

scholarly journals Variations in the level of resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) infestation among ten cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
F. Kankam ◽  
E. N.K. Sowley ◽  
J. Adomako ◽  
A. Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
The University ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The cultivation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars that are tolerant to root-knot nematode attack is among the environmentally safe approach to managing the root-knot nematode menace in cultivated crops. In this study, the tolerance of 10 cowpea genotypes to root-knot nematodes infestation was evaluated in a pot experiment conducted in a Screenhouse, at the University for Development Studies, Nyankpala Campus. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The number of second stage juveniles (J2) per 250 cm3 of soil sample were counted while the severity of root-knot nematode damage (root galls) was assessed. The reproduction index (RI) was used to classify the varieties as resistant or susceptible. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the number of second stage juveniles of root-knot nematode (RKN), galling index and RI among the genotypes tested. The study revealed that cowpea genotypes SARI 1-4-90, Padi tuya, Songotra, IT99K-1122, Sanzi and Apagbaala were moderately resistant whereas cowpea genotypes IT86D-610, Zaayura, SARI 5-5-5 and IT07K-299-6 were slightly resistant. Thus, the six moderately resistant cowpea genotypes were suggested to be used as a source of resistance to RKN in future breeding works.

scholarly journals GREENBUG RESISTANCE IN OAT ACCESSIONS FROM DAGESTAN AND CAUCASIAN COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Radchenko ◽  
M. A. Chumakov ◽  
I. G. Loskutov
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
The North ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Greenbug Resistance

Background. The breeding of resistant varieties is an effective way to control greenbug Schizaphis graminum Rondani, an economically important pest of oat and other cereals in southern Russia. The insect-host differential interaction necessitates a constant search for new resistance donors.Materials and methods. One hundred and ninety one accessions (mostly landraces) from the Caucasian countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) as well as from the North Caucasus of the Russian Federation (Dagestan) were assessed for greenbug resistance. The Krasnodar (Gulkevichi District) insect population was used in the experiments. The intact plants were uniformly infested with differentaged aphids in the phase of two leaves by shaking insects onto them. When the susceptible control (cv. Borrus) died, the plant damage score was determined using the scale from 0 (no damage) to 10 (91–100% of the leaf surface damaged, plant’s death). The plants with the score of 1–4 points were classified as resistant, 5–8 moderately resistant, and 9–10 susceptible.Results and conclusions. A local oat accession from Georgia (k-4308) was noted for its high insect resistance. Also, heterogeneity of the studied trait was demonstrated by 38 oats forms, most of which were differentiated into two phenotypic classes, and a wide range of plant damage variation was characteristic of 16 accessions. The specific occurrence of resistant forms was the highest among oat landraces from Azerbaijan: two out of five studied accessions (40%) carry resistance genes with a distinct phenotypic manifestation. They are followed by accessions from Georgia (25%), Armenia (17.3%) and Dagestan (13.8%). After selection for resistance, the identified forms can be used in plant breeding.

Evaluation of Varieties of Caupi Bean to Meloidogyne Incognita Parasitism

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gilberto Antonio Torres Júnior ◽  
Fernandes Antonio de Almeida ◽  
Erik Gomes Sampaio ◽  
Francisco Tarcísio Lucena ◽  
Maria Lucia Tiburtino Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Reaction Test ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pathogenic Agents ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The culture of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) of wide adaptation of the various edaphoclimatic conditions of Brazil is of fundamental importance for the socioeconomic development of the north and northeast regions, however, the productivity can be limited by pathogenic agents, such as phytonematodes, belonging to the genus Meloidogyne. Due to this condition, the objective was to evaluate the behavior of different varieties of cowpea against the parasitism of M. incognita. The reaction test was performed with inoculation of 5.000 eggs/juveniles in the region of the root. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a completely randomized design, with 14 varieties (Bastiãozinho; Mosqueado; Maravilha; Balinha; Garanhão; Sempre verde; Canapuzinho; Canapu branco; Paulistinha; Pujante; Canapu da Vagem Roxa; Rajado PE; Costela de Vaca e Setentão) with five replications. 60 Sixty days after inoculation, some agronomic characteristics and parasitism were evaluated. All varieties were susceptible to M. incognita, with RR > 1. However, the Paulistinha variety proved to be moderately resistant.

SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Daryl A. Cornish ◽  
George L. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

Social Responsibility Practice Diagnosis applied to the Universidad del Valle- Northern Facility. Period 2014-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (62) ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Adriana M. Moreno Moreno ◽  
Eduar Fernando Aguirre González
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Management

Social Responsibility is a concept that has been approached from different perspectives by theoreticians and institutions. Initially, this was limited exclusively to companies, however, the creation of the Social Capital, Ethics and Development Initiative by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) sought to make educational institutions aware that, like any other organization, they are responsible for the externalities they generate in their environment and their stakeholders. This research approaches the concept of University Social Responsibility (USR) from the scheme proposed by the IDB, which proposes four axes of action for Universities’ CR: Responsible Campus, Professional and Citizen Training, Social Management of Knowledge and Social Participation. The Universidad del Valle has a strategic plan entitled “Universidad del Valle’s Strategic Development Plan” and Regionalization attached thereto. It has also developed its action plan and in the five strategic issues raised herein, its socially responsible approach is clearly identifiable. The North Cauca Facility wherein this study is being developed, even though it does not have a University Social Responsibility Management Model, has attempted to align its practices with its strategic affairs that broadly conform to the four axes proposed by the IDB. This research addresses a relevant and current issue inasmuch as it proposes to develop a diagnosis on the relationship between the four axes of Social Responsibility proposed by the IDB and the practice of Social Responsibility applied at the Universidad del Valle, North Cauca Facility, for the period 2014-2015. In order to answer the research problem, a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive type of study is used, given that the work was based on the documentary information available at the University, while the interviews with the directors of the Institution are used as a tool for oral history. The research method used is the case study, which allows to address a unit of analysis in depth, in this case the USR within the Universidad del Valle, North Cauca Facility.

scholarly journals Analog Ensemble Methods for Improving Satellite-Based Intensity Estimates of Tropical Cyclones

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
William E. Lewis ◽  
Timothy L. Olander ◽  
Christopher S. Velden ◽  
Christopher Rozoff ◽  
Stefano Alessandrini
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Ensemble Methods ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Intensity Maximum ◽  
The North ◽  
The University ◽  
Meteorological Satellite ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

Accurate, reliable estimates of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity are a crucial element in the warning and forecast process worldwide, and for the better part of 50 years, estimates made from geostationary satellite observations have been indispensable to forecasters for this purpose. One such method, the Advanced Dvorak Technique (ADT), was used to develop analog ensemble (AnEn) techniques that provide more precise estimates of TC intensity with instant access to information on the reliability of the estimate. The resulting methods, ADT-AnEn and ADT-based Error Analog Ensemble (ADTE-AnEn), were trained and tested using seventeen years of historical ADT intensity estimates using k-fold cross-validation with 10 folds. Using only two predictors, ADT-estimated current intensity (maximum wind speed) and TC center latitude, both AnEn techniques produced significant reductions in mean absolute error and bias for all TC intensity classes in the North Atlantic and for most intensity classes in the Eastern Pacific. The ADTE-AnEn performed better for extreme intensities in both basins (significantly so in the Eastern Pacific) and will be incorporated in the University of Wisconsin’s Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (UW-CIMSS) workflow for further testing during operations in 2021.

scholarly journals Success factors in the realization of large ice projects in education

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Arno Pronk ◽  
Peng Luo ◽  
Qingpeng Li ◽  
Fred Sanders ◽  
Marjolein overtoom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
The North ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Good Learning ◽  
The University ◽  
Ice Shell ◽  
Motivation And Learning

There has been a long tradition in making ice structures, but the development of technical improvements for making ice buildings is a new field with just a handful of researchers. Most of the projects were realized by professors in cooperation with their students as part of their education in architecture and civil engineering. The following professors have realized ice projects in this setting: Heinz Isler realized some experiments since the 1950s; Tsutomu Kokawa created in the past three decades several ice domes in the north of Japan with a span up to 25 m; Lancelot Coar realized a number of fabric formed ice shell structures including fiberglass bars and hanging fabric as a mold for an ice shell in 2011 and in 2015 he produced an fabric-formed ice origami structure in cooperation with MIT (Caitlin Mueller) and VUB (Lars de Laet). Arno Pronk realized several ice projects such as the 2004 artificially cooled igloo, in 2014 and 2015 dome structures with an inflatable mold in Finland and in 2016–2019, an ice dome, several ice towers and a 3D printed gridshell of ice in Harbin (China) as a cooperation between the Universities of Eindhoven & Leuven (Pronk) and Harbin (Wu and Luo). In cooperation between the University of Alberta and Eindhoven two ice beams were realized during a workshop in 2020. In this paper we will present the motivation and learning experiences of students involved in learning-by-doing by realizing one large project in ice. The 2014–2016 projects were evaluated by Sanders and Overtoom; using questionnaires among the participants by mixed cultural teams under extreme conditions. By comparing the results in different situations and cultures we have found common rules for the success of those kinds of educational projects. In this paper we suggest that the synergy among students participating in one main project without a clear individual goal can be very large. The paper will present the success factors for projects to be perceived as a good learning experience.

Sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode in indigenous chickpea germplasm

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohar Singh ◽  
Z. Khan ◽  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
M. Dutta ◽  
Anju Pathania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Chickpea Wilt ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Schlecht. emend. Snyd. & Hans. f. sp. ciceri is prevalent in most chickpea-growing countries and is a major devastating disease. Host plant resistance is the most practical method of disease management. Indigenous chickpea germplasm reveals a heterogeneous genetic make-up and the response of resistance to wilt is an unexplored potential source for disease resistance. There are 70 indigenous germplasm lines selected on the basis of their agronomic performance and diverse areas of collections in the country. Of these, four accessions had a highly resistant score of 1 and six had a score of 3 using a 1–9 rating scale, indicating their level of resistance to Fusarium wilt (race 4). Other germplasm accessions of chickpea were found to be moderately resistant to highly susceptible disease reaction. Likewise, the same set of germplasm was also screened for Meloidogyne incognita (race 1) using pot culture under controlled condition. Only one accession was found to be resistant to this pest. These resistant gene sources can be utilised effectively for race-specific chickpea wilt and root-knot resistance breeding programmes.

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