scholarly journals Effect of pasteurization and starter cultures on physicochemical and microbiological properties of costeño cheese

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 8007-8014 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Serpa ◽  
Tulia I. Pérez ◽  
Elvis J. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Sensorial Analysis ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Microbiological Properties

The effect of pasteurization and starter cultures on physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of costeño cheese was determined. A completely randomized design was conducted, three treatments (T) and three replicates: Treatment 1 (T1): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk without starter cultures, Treatment 2 (T2): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk with Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus cremoris (1:1) and Treatment 3 (T3): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk with Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris and Streptococcus thermophillus(0.5:0.5:1). Treatments were compared to a control sample that was prepared with raw milk without starter cultures. Concentration of 1.5% (v/v) of culture was used in relation to the amount of used milk in each treatment. Moisture content was higher in all treatments compared to the control and protein and fat content were significantly lower. Acidity was significantly higher in samples from T2 y T3 compared to T1 and control, due to the metabolism of starter cultures. Total coliforms, yeast and mold counts showed a significant reduction due to pasteurization process in all treatments. Regarding sensorial analysis, hedonic test showed a greater preference in cheese manufactured with T2 (P<0.05). There were no significant preferences between T1, T3 and control. Additionally, yield was significantly higher with T1 (22%) and T3 (23%) compared to control.

scholarly journals Substitusi Jantung Pisang Kepok Kuning (Musa paradisiaca) sebagai Sumber Serat Terhadap Karakteristik Organoleptik Dendeng Giling Ikan Gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus) [The Subtitutions of Banana Blossom Yellow Kepok (Musa Paradisiaca) as a Fiber Source for Organoleptic Characteristic of Jerky Milled Snakehead Fish (Ophiocephalus Striatus)]

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Titik Dwi Sulistiyati ◽  
Eddy Suprayitno¹ ◽  
Desi Tri Anggita
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Milled Product

                                                           AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ikan gabus dan jantung pisang kepok kuning terhadap karakteristik organoleptik dendeng giling ikan gabus, serta mentapkan konsentrasi ikan gabus dan jantung pisang kepok kuning yang optimal pada dendeng giling ikan gabus. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini yaitu konsentrasi ikan gabus : jantung pisang kepok sebagai berikut, 65% : 35% (A), 62,5% : 37,5% (B), 60% : 40% (C), 57,5% : 42,5% (D), 55% : 45% (E) dan 100% : 0% (K) dengan suhu pengovenan 45 C selama 8 jam, kemudian dilakukan uji serat kasar dan uji organoleptik (skoring dan hedonik). Penelitian menggunakan RAL Sederhana dengan 5 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ikan gabus dan jantung pisang kepok kuning tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap organoleptik hedonik dendeng giling ikan gabus, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap organoleptik skoring. Konsentrasi ikan gabus dan jantung pisang kepok kuning yang optimal yaitu pada perlakuan D dengan konsentrasi ikan gabus : jantung pisang kepok kuning 57,5% : 42,5%, dengan kadar serat 47,804% dan nilai organoleptik skoring warna 3,347 (coklat tua), aroma 3,360 (khas dendeng), rasa manis 3,48 (manis), rasa gurih 3,560 (gurih), tekstur 4,573 (empuk) serta nilai organoleptik hedonik warna 5,187 (agak suka), aroma 4,880 (agak suka), rasa 5,427 (agak suka), tekstur 5,36 (agak suka).                                                                AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of the concentrations of snakehead fish and banana blossom yellow kepok for the organoleptic and chemical characteristic of jerky milled from snakehead fish, to determine optimal snakehead fish and banana blossom yellow kepok concentrations for the jerky milled product. The treatment of the concentrations of snakehead fish and c consist 65% : 35% (A), 62,5% : 37,5% (B), 60% : 40% (C), 57,5% : 42,5% (D), 55% : 45% (E) and control sample 100% : 0%. All of these treatments will be roasted on 8 hours. After that, these samples analyzed with organoleptic ( scoring and hedonic test). This research used by completely randomized design with five repetitions. The results showed that the concentration of snakehead fish and banana blossom yellow kepok had no significant effects on the organoleptic and hedonic jerky milled product but had significant effects on organoleptic scores and chemical characteristics. The optimal concentration of snakehead fish and banana blossom yellow kepok is D treatment with the concentrations of snakehead fish and banana blossom yellow kepok respectively 57,5 % and 42,5 % with crude fiber content 47,804% and organoleptic testing consist color score 3,347 (brown), aroma 3,360 (similar with the real of jerky milled), sweet taste 3,48 (sweet), savory taste 3,560 (tasty), texture 4,573 (padded)the treatment of D with concentration of cork: yellow banana heartbeat 57,5%: 42,5%, with organoleptic value of color scoring 3,347 (dark brown), aroma 3,360 (typical of jerky) , sweet taste 3.48 (sweet), savory taste 3,560 (tasty), texture 4,573 (padded). The hedonic analysis showed that color 5,187 (rather like), aroma 4,880 (somewhat like), taste 5,427 (rather like), texture 5,36 (slightly like).

Effect of Ethephon and Packaging Practices On Ripening of Mango cv. Maldah

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
S Sapkota ◽  
D Kc ◽  
H Giri ◽  
M Saud ◽  
M Basnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Juice Content

The present research was conducted on two factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. A set of experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of postharvest ethephon treatment and packaging on ripening of mango cv. Maldah. The treatments consisted of ripening agent i.e., ethephon and control treatment under different packaging condition i.e., fiber with hole, fiber without hole, plastic with hole and plastic without hole. The result revealed that different packaging condition and ripening agents influenced the ripening behavior of mango. The highest TSS (15.26), sugar-acid ratio (23.66) and juice content (126.05) were recorded with fiber (without hole) and the lowest TSS (12.60), sugar-acid ratio (9.01) and juice content (116.05) with plastic (without hole). The highest TA (1.44) was recorded with plastic (without hole) and the lowest (0.66) with fiber (without hole). Similarly, the highest BT (2.83) was recorded with fiber (with hole) and the lowest (1.66) with plastic (without hole). Firmness, sweetness, TSS and juice content were the highest with the interaction effect of fiber bag (without hole) and ethephon treatment. In conclusion, mango fruits with ethephon treatment packed in fiber bag (without hole) enhances quality and ripening of mango whereas under controlled condition and without hole plastic packaging mangoes had low quality performance in terms of physio-chemical properties. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 155-163 (2021)

scholarly journals Integrated management of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees): associating chemical control tools and plant physiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Avelino Faleiro ◽  
Diego Martins Chiapinotto ◽  
Fabiane Pinto Lamego ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Schaedler ◽  
Eduardo Bohrer de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Resource Conditions ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides use in the control of tough lovegrass according to the availability of solar radiation and the presence or absence of flooded. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2x4 and 2x2x5 factorial scheme, where factor A was equivalent to the environment (natural or reduced radiation); factor B to water condition (with a 2 cm flooded or without); and, factor C the herbicides: cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), cyhalofop butyl + glyphosate (315 g ha-1 + 1080 g ha-1) and control (without application) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the herbicides used were cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), sethoxydim (184g ha-1), imazethapyr (106 g ha-1) and control (without application). Glyphosate efficiently controls plants of tough lovegrass with four tillers (>90%), being superior to cyhalofop, imazethapyr and sethoxydim; independently, of resource conditions. Reduction in the availability of solar radiation generates less shoot dry mass production from the weed, and improves the control only by imazethapyr and cyhalofop. In general, a flooded condition does not affect tough lovegrass control by herbicides.

Effect of different selenium sources and concentrations on glutathione peroxidase activity and cholesterol metabolism of beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina S da Silva ◽  
Alessandra F Rosa ◽  
Cristina T Moncau ◽  
Bárbara Silva Vignato ◽  
Silvana Marina P Pugine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Liver Concentration ◽  
Total Meat ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different Se sources and concentrations on glutathione forms and cholesterol metabolism in beef cattle. Sixty-three Nellore bulls (412 ± 19 kg BW; 24 months old) were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design in a 2×3 + 1 factorial arrangement (63 pens; one animal/pen) with two Se sources (sodium selenite, ING and Se-yeast, ORG), three concentrations (0.3, 0.9 and 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg DM), and control treatment (without Se supplementation) fed for 90 days. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 28, 56, and 84. Muscle and liver samples were collected at harvest. Hepatic GSSG (P = 0.004), GSH/GSSG ratio (P = 0.030), and GSH-Px (P = 0.004) were affected by Se source x concentration interaction. Oxidized glutathione was higher in the ORG group vs. ING at concentration 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg DM, but at 0.3 mg supplemental Se/kg DM the ING group was higher than ORG. The liver GSH-Px activity was higher in the ORG group vs. ING at concentration 0.9 and 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg DM. The GSH/GSSG ratio was the highest in animals fed 0.3 mg supplemental Se/kg DM of ORG. Selenium liver concentration increased linearly with the supplemental Se concentration in the diet (y = 0.0583 + 0.4254x, R 2 = 0.92, P &lt; 0.0001), regardless of source. Total meat cholesterol was greater (P &lt; 0.001) in CON (control) vs. SUP (supplemented, regardless source) group. The muscle GSH-Px activity was higher (P &lt; 0.001) in SUP vs. CON and increased (P &lt; 0.004) with increasing supplemental Se concentrations. There was an increase on VLDL, glucose, and triglycerides in ORG vs. ING (P ≤ 0.035). In general, serum Se was higher (P &lt; 0.001) in SUP vs. CON and increased with increasing supplemental Se concentration. Lastly, the HMGCR concentration was lower (P = 0.002) in SUP (0.39 ng/mL) vs. CON (0.55 ng/mL). Selenium supplementation with different sources and concentrations has the potential to affect cholesterol metabolism by affecting GSH/GSSG ratio, GSH-Px, and the HMGCR.

scholarly journals Initial Development of Eucalyptus According to Different Desiccation Periods of Signalgrass

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. GRAAT ◽  
A.L. BACHA ◽  
M.P. NEPOMUCENO ◽  
P.L.C.A. ALVES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT: This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different desiccation periods of Urochloa decumbens on the initial development of Eucalyptus urograndis (clone C-219H). The experiment was conducted in 100 liter concrete boxes, previously filled with Dark-Red Latosol. U. decumbens was sown in all plots, except for the control sample without covering. After 95 days from sowing, the herbicide glyphosate (dose of 1,424 g a.e. ha-1) was sprayed at intervals of 0 (Apply-Plant), 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days before eucalyptus planting, plus a control sample without covering, totaling seven treatments. A completely randomized design with six replications was used. Eucalyptus plants were evaluated 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP), when the height of the plants and the diameter of the stem were determined. At the end of the experimental period (90 DAP), the leaf area and the dry matter of leaves and stem were measured. It is possible to conclude that the Apply-Plant modality was harmful to some of the eucalyptus characteristics (E. urograndis - C-219H), while planting the seedlings in periods over 14 days after the desiccation of U. decumbens plants promoted a better development of the culture.

scholarly journals Enhancement of clover growth by inoculation of P-solubilizing fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson L. Souchie ◽  
Rosario Azcón ◽  
Jose M. Barea ◽  
Eliane M.R. Silva ◽  
Orivaldo J. Saggin-Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Environment Chamber ◽  
And Control

This study evaluated the synergism between several P-solubilizing fungi isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve clover ( Trifolium pratense) growth in the presence of Araxá apatite. Clover was sown directly in plastic pots with 300g of sterilized washed sand, vermiculite and sepiolite 1:1:1 (v:v:v) as substrate, and grown in a controlled environment chamber. The substrate was fertilized with 3 g L-1 of Araxá apatite. A completely randomized design, in 8×2 factorial scheme (eight P-solubilizing fungi treatments with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)and four replicates were used. The P-solubilizing fungi treatments consisted of five Brazilian P-solubilizing fungi isolates (PSF 7, 9, 20, 21 and 22), two Spanish isolates ( Aspergillus niger and the yeast Yarowia lipolytica) and control (non-inoculated treatment). The greatest clover growth rate was recorded when Aspergillus niger and PSF 21 were co-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Aspergillus niger, PSF 7 and PSF 21 were the most effective isolates on increasing clover growth in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Greater mycorrhizal colonization resulted in greater clover growth rate in most PSF treatments. PSF 7 was the best isolate to improve the establishment of mycorrhizal and rhizobia symbiosis.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity and alternative control of anthracnose in papaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héber Ferreira dos Reis ◽  
Lilian Maria Arruda Bacchi ◽  
Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon ◽  
Jasna Karoliny Pereira Flores
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: We evaluated the efficacy of natural products in the control of papaya anthracnose, in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiments for evaluation of mycelial growth used a completely randomized 10 × 4 factorial design (treatments × evaluation periods) with eight replicates, with sporulation evaluated at the end of the experiment. The treatments involved the use of aqueous extract at concentrations of 5 and 15% for Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (clove), Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breym (cinnamon), and Zingiber officinalis Rox. (ginger); 1 and 3% chitosan; the fungicide Prochloraz at 100 µg.mL-1; and a control (no treatment). For evaluating conidia germination, we used six treatments with five replicates. The treatments included 7.5% of each extract (clove, cinnamon, and ginger), 1.5% chitosan, and 50 µg.mL-1 of Prochloraz. For the in vivo experiment, “Formosa” papaya “Tainung 1” was used in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replicates to evaluate the severity of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The fruits were treated by immersion for 5 min with 15% clove, cinnamon, and ginger extracts, 8% chitosan, and control with distilled water, and immersion for 2 min in Prochloraz (33.75 g a.i./100 L). The treatments with 15% clove extract and 8% chitosan were effective in all evaluations, resulting in a viable alternative to the fungicide Prochloraz. The treatments with ginger extract were less effective and those with cinnamon offered intermediate control.

scholarly journals Health quality and germination of Butia capitata seeds treated with bactericide and fungicide

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Vander Rocha Lacerda ◽  
◽  
Diemesson San Tiago Mendes ◽  
Fernando da Silva Rocha ◽  
Maria de Fátima Gonçalves Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Test Treatments ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Propagation of “coquinho-azedo” (Butia capitata) is limited due to dormancy and high incidence of fungi in its seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treating “coquinho-azedo” seeds with different concentrations of bactericide and/or fungicide on the incidence of fungi and on the germination of seeds. Thus, B. capitata seeds were immersed in four doses of the bactericide kasugamycin (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mL/L) and/or in four concentrations of the fungicide carbendazim+ thiram (0, 2.92, 5.84 e 8.75 mL/Kg), totaling 16 treatments. After the treatments, the operculum was removed from the seeds, which were placed on trays containing autoclaved sand, covered with transparent plastic film and kept in the nursery. In the germination test, treatments were distributed in randomized block design, factorial arrangement of 4x4 (bactericidal doses x fungicide doses), with four replicates of 50 seeds per plot. For the test of seed health quality, the Blotter test was employed in completely randomized design, using 20 replicates and 10 seeds. Health quality and germination were evaluated at 15 and 40 days after the treatment of seeds, respectively. There was no interaction between the bactericide and the fungicide on germination and control of fungi associated with seeds. However, there was an effect of fungicide concentrations on the evaluated parameters. We observed a negative correlation between the concentrations of the fungicide carbendazim + thiram and fungal incidence, and a positive correlation between the fungicide concentrations and seed germination. Therefore, fungicide treatment reduces the fungal incidence and provides better germination of B. capitata seeds.

scholarly journals TIPOS DE ENRAIZADORES EN VARETAS DE (THEOBROMA CACAO), COMUNIDAD CARAO. SIUNA, 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Freddy Francisco Cordero Rivera ◽  
Oscar Montalván Castellón ◽  
Oscar Flores Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bosawas Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Acid Treatments

La presente investigación se realizó en la comunidad Carao-Hormiguero, Siuna, Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte (RAAN), ubicada en la zona núcleo de la reserva de biosfera BOSAWAS, con el propósito de evaluar la eficacia del proroot y ácido húmico en el enraizamiento en varetas de cacao. El estudio fue experimental, transversal y prospectivo. La metodología basada en el Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) con tratamientos de ácido húmico, proroot y testigo en un período de 40 días (20 de septiembre al 30 de octubre). Se utilizaron 180 varetas en 3 tratamientos con 3 réplicas de 60 varetas, 20 por bancal. Con el enraizador ácido húmico se obtuvo un prendimiento de 40% (24), con Proroot, 68.33% (41) y testigo, 11.66% (7). En general se logró un 40% de prendimiento (72 varetas). La inversión durante la investigación fue de C$ 2,548.60.(C$ 35.39 por vareta). El tratamiento que dio resultados aceptables fue el proroot, del que se obtiene una ganancia neta de C$ 388.80.SummaryThis research was carried out in the Carao Hormiguero community, municipality of Siuna, RAAN, which is located in the center of the Bosawas biosphere reserve, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of ProRoot and the humic acid on the rooting in cacao branches. The research was experimental, transverse and prospective. The methodology was based on a completely randomized design (DCA) with humic acid treatments, ProRoot and control in a period of 40 days (September 20 to October 30). 180 branches were used in 3 treatments with 3 replications of 60 branches, 20 by plots. With the rooting humic acid 40% (24) of capture was obtained, with ProRoot, 68.33% (41) and control, 11.66% (7). In general 40% of capture was achieved (72 branches). The investment during the investigation was of C$ 2,548.60 (C$ 35.39 per branch). The treatment that gave acceptable results was ProRoot, of which a net profit of C$ 388.80 is obtained.

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