scholarly journals Weed management in the dry season: interferences in physiology and quality of Persian lime fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz Bernardes Soares ◽  
Juliana Altafin Galli ◽  
Monica Helena Martins ◽  
Ana Carolina Oliveira ◽  
Silvano Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Citrus Orchards

ABSTRACT Weed interference in young citrus orchards causes significant damages, especially when competition occurs during the dry season, when environmental resources are even more scarce. This study aimed to test the effects of interference periods and weed management on the physiology, yield and quality of Persian lime fruits, during the dry season. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments [hoeing; glyphosate application; decrease of stored water (March to May); critical water deficit (June to August); and water deficit throughout the dry season (March to August)] and four replications. Weed interference during the decrease of stored water and critical water deficit periods affected significantly the physiological variables, yield and total solids contents of the fruits, but to a lesser extent than for the water deficit throughout the dry season. Weed control with glyphosate resulted in 1.56 and 2.53 times more fruits per tree than hoeing and water deficit throughout the dry season, respectively. The chemical management provided better physiological and productive responses than hoeing, due to the effect of weed mulch in the water deficit season.

Productivity and quality of canola and mustard cultivars under weed competition

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
Y. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Canola Quality ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Competitive crops or cultivars can be an important component of integrated weed management systems. A study was conducted from 2003 to 2006 at four sites across semiarid prairie ecoregions in Saskatchewan and Alberta to investigate the productivity and quality of canola (Brassica napusL.) and mustard cultivars under weed competition. Four open-pollinated canola cultivars, four hybrid canola cultivars, two canola-quality mustard and two oriental mustard cultivars [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.], and two yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cultivars were grown under weedy and weed-free conditions. When combined across site-years, crop aboveground biomass at maturity and seed yield were reduced by weed interference, except for yellow and oriental mustard. However, seed oil and protein content of cultivars were not affected by weed competition. Among crop types, yellow and oriental mustard were best able to maintain biomass and seed yield under weed interference, followed in decreasing order of competitiveness by hybrid and open-pollinated canola, then canola-quality mustard. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba, weed competition

EFFECT OF WEED INTERFERENCE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF FLAX SEED OIL

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. FRIESEN
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Yields

In 26 field experiments over a 4-yr period, weed interference significantly reduced the oil content of flax seed (Linum usitatissimum L. ’Linott’) in 21 of the experiments and the iodine value of flax seed oil in 19 of the experiments, regardless of dominant weed species. Seed density and seed weight were not seriously affected by weed interference. Flax seed yields were reduced by weed interference in 25 of the experiments.Key words: Flax, weed competition, linseed oil

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological variation in Toona ciliata under water and salinity stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Silveira de Andrade ◽  
Marcio Carlos Navroski ◽  
Mariane de Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Alexandra Cristina Schatz Sá
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Variation ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
Applied Stresses

ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper was to test the effects of water deficit, saturation and salinity in individuals of Toona ciliata. Seven treatments were tested: the control group, the complete suspension of irrigation, the permanent saturation of the pot soil and four doses of NaCl (50, 100, 200 and 400 µmol). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 8 repetitions in each treatment. Physiologic evaluations were carried out during the experiment, and morphologic evaluations at the end. The plants were responsive to the applied stresses comparatively to the control group. Reductions were observed in morphological and physiological variables in all treatments under stress. All individuals under stress recovered slightly in the end of the experiment, and began to sprout again, representing a probable adaptation to the conditions.

scholarly journals Competition of onion genotypes in the soil and climatic conditions of Guarapuava, State of Paraná

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53105
Author(s):  
Marcela Padilha Iastremski ◽  
Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende ◽  
Cristhiano Kopanski Camargo ◽  
Marcos Guilherme Ruthes ◽  
Marco Antonio Pereira Santos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Total Productivity

The use of genotypes more adapted to climatic conditions can contribute to increase the yield of onion producers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of 15 onion genotypes in the soil and climatic conditions of Guarapuava, state of Paraná. The study was conducted in the experimental area of Horticulture, Cedeteg campus, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, state of Paraná, Brazil, from July to November 2018. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replications, and the treatments consisted of four commercial cultivars Optima F1, Bella Dura, Sirius F1, Soberana F1 and eleven experimental genotypes N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, AF4241 and AF4243. Biometric characteristics of the plants, production components and early flowering were evaluated. Plants presented between 6 and 9 leaves, in which N1, N3, N4 and N6 had less than 7 leaves, differing statistically from the others. The cultivar Optima F1 and the genotypes N2, N3, N5, N6, N7 and N8 presented the tallest plants, with 66.1 to 76.0 cm. The pseudostem diameter did not differ significantly between genotypes, showing values between 15.2 and 20.4 mm. Total productivity was higher in genotypes N2, N6, N5, N4, N3, N7 with values from 43.6 to 50.3 t ha-1. The highest average bulb mass was found in N2, N4, N6, Sirius F1, Optima F1 and Soberana F1, with 74.2 to 91.1 g bulb-1. Regarding the commercial classification, the genotypes N2, N4, N5, N6 and the cultivars Sirius F1 and Soberana F1 presented more than 50% bulbs of classes 3+3C+4. Early flowering did not occur in any of the analyzed genotypes. The use of cultivars with high productive performance and adapted to climatic conditions, when handled properly, can result in greater yield and quality of bulbs.

Influence of Mulch, Tillage, and Diphenamid on Weed Control, Yield, and Quality in No-Till Flue-Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donn G. Shilling ◽  
A. Douglas Worsham ◽  
David A. Danehower
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
No Till ◽  
Small Grains

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various densities of four fall-seeded small grain mulches and diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-α-phenyl benzeneacetamide) on weed control, yield, and quality in no-till flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL. ‘McNair 944’). A greenhouse study investigated the effects of non-soil-incorporated mulch from the same small grains plus alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) on various growth parameters of tobacco (‘Speight G-70’). None of the mulches used in the greenhouse study adversely affected growth of the tobacco. Mulch from rye (Secale cerealeL. ‘Abruzzi’) killed about 2 weeks before transplanting plus diphenamid provided better annual broadleaf weed control (85%) than wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘McNair’), barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Keowee’), and no mulch. Oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Brooks’) mulch resulted in 80% broadleaf weed control. There were no differences in annual grass control (which was short lived) among mulches but control was lower in the no-mulch treatment. Rye mulch resulted in a 22% increase in the control of broadleaf weeds compared to no-mulch. Yield of the no-till tobacco did not differ among mulches and averaged 82% of that conventionally grown. The quality was not affected. The rye mulch did not affect the yield or quality of tobacco when compared to a nonmulch, noncultivated treatment. The 18% decrease in the no-till yield was apparently the result of the lack of tillage and increased weed interference and was not due to adverse effects from the rye.

Influence of Nitrogen Levels and Weed Management Practices on Yield and Quality of Forage Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Sunita Choudhary ◽  
Neelam K. Chopra ◽  
Nisha K. Chopra ◽  
Magan Singh ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Effect of Dicamba and Adjuvant Combination on Parthenium Control, Fodder Yield and Yield Components of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ASIF ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
M.E. SAFDAR ◽  
A. ALI ◽  
S. AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Fodder Yield

ABSTRACT: Parthenium is an important weed which poses severe threats to yield and quality of sorghum and many other summer season crops, worldwide. As in other field crops, parthenium also reduces yield and quality of forage plants in forage crops so it should be controlled in forage and fodder crops. Parthenium control efficacy of five herbicide treatments (including dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha-1 (full rate) alone, dicamba at full rate + 1% ammonium sulphate, dicamba at full rate + 2% ammonium sulphate, dicamba at 75% rate + 1% ammonium sulphate and dicamba at 75% rate + 2% ammonium sulphate) was tested in field trials for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014). One manual hoeing three weeks after crop emergence was also performed as a treatment and weedy check was kept as control. Application of the full rate of dicamba with 2% ammonium sulphate showed the lowest parthenium dry weight (16.5 g m-2 and 23.5 g m-2) and NPK uptake that seem to be due to the highest parthenium control efficiency of 79.6% and 73.8% during 2013 and 2014, respectively. This weed management strategy also gave maximum values of yield components of forage sorghum, including plant height (261 and 254 cm), stem diameter (0.97 and 0.84 cm), leaf area per plant (3,072 and 3,041 cm2), fresh fodder yield (63.4 and 60.9 t ha-1) and dry matter yield (17.4 and 15.8 t ha-1) in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Highest net return and marginal rate of return (346 and 356% in 2013 and 2014, respectively) were also found when the full rate of dicamba with 2% ammonium sulphate was applied. In conclusion, tank-mixed application of dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha-1 with 2% of ammonium sulphate proved to be better for efficient control of parthenium weed in forage sorghum.

scholarly journals Weed interference in Marandu palisade grass pastures under renewal or maintenance conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Sidnei R. de Marchi ◽  
Ricardo F. Marques ◽  
Prissila P. dos S. Araújo ◽  
Ilgner T. D. Silva ◽  
Dagoberto Martins
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Pasture Degradation

ABSTRACT The presence of weeds as a consequence of pasture degradation is one of the main problems facing livestock worldwide. Thus, knowing the interference aspects and the appropriate time for weed management is essential for applying a particular control measure. This research aimed to study the weed interference on the morphostructural and nutritional quality of the Marandu palisade grass in conditions of renewal or maintenance of pasture. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design, with four replicates and treatments consisted of eight growth periods of coexistence between Marandu palisade grass and weeds (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 days). Forage grass was characterized at the end of the experimental period, corresponding to 120 days of coexistence, and the main morphostructural and nutritional components were determined. Under the renewal or maintenance process, the weeds interfere in the morphostructural and nutritional quality of pasture areas with Marandu palisade grass. In vitro organic matter digestibility of Marandu palisade grass is negatively influenced by weeds, suggesting that control measures for renewal or maintenance areas should be adopted within 24 and 18 days of coexistence, respectively.

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