scholarly journals Morphoanatomical and histochemical studies of the seed development of Euterpe oleracea (Arecaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Alves Ferreira Pereira ◽  
Ítalo Antônio Cotta Coutinho ◽  
Emanoella Lima Soares ◽  
Arlete Aparecida Soares ◽  
Ana Paula de Souza Caetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Fruit Pericarp

Abstract Although the consumption of açaí (Euterpe oleracea) pulp has long been an important component of the diet of the peoples from the Amazon, the açaí palm tree has recently attracted economic and scientific interest because of its vast array of bioactive compounds found in the fruit pericarp. The açaí seeds are the largest byproduct after pulp extraction and have potential for use in ethanol production, but this process is hindered by limited knowledge of seed biology, chemical composition and pattern reserve deposition during seed development. The aim of this work was to describe the morphoanatomical development of the seeds, as well as to identify the main organic compounds stored in the seeds. To achieve this goal, histological and histochemical analyses were performed on developing seeds. Results showed the seed is albuminous, bitegmic and that ingrowths of the seed coat give rise to a ruminate endosperm. Moreover, the nutritive reserves of açaí seeds are found in the endosperm thickened cell walls as reserve polysaccharides. Our findings provide information for future studies dealing with reproductive biology, propagation and the improvement of this profitable crop.

scholarly journals Current Understanding of Water Properties inside Carbon Nanotubes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Aris Chatzichristos ◽  
Jamal Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Confined Water ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Nanoconfined Water ◽  
Wide Range

Confined water inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, amassing as a result a very large number of dedicated studies, both theoretical and experimental. This exceptional scientific interest can be understood in terms of the exotic properties of nanoconfined water, as well as the vast array of possible applications of CNTs in a wide range of fields stretching from geology to medicine and biology. This review presents an overreaching narrative of the properties of water in CNTs, based mostly on results from systematic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and molecular dynamics (MD) studies, which together allow the untangling and explanation of many seemingly contradictory results present in the literature. Further, we identify still-debatable issues and open problems, as well as avenues for future studies, both theoretical and experimental.

scholarly journals A Label-free, Fast and High-specificity Technique for Plant Cell Wall Imaging and Composition Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Yuanzhen Suo ◽  
Yayu Guo ◽  
Yi Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Wall Imaging

Abstract Background: Cell wall imaging can considerably permit direct visualization of the molecular architecture of cell walls and provide the detailed chemical information on wall polymers, which is imperative to better exploit and use the biomass polymers; however, detailed imaging and quantifying of the native composition and architecture in the cell wall remains challenging.Results: Here, we describe a label-free imaging technology, coherent Raman scattering microscopy (CRS), including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which images the major structures and chemical composition of plant cell walls. The major steps of the procedure are demonstrated, including sample preparation, setting the mapping parameters, analysis of spectral data, and image generation. Applying this rapid approach, which will help researchers understand the highly heterogeneous structures and organization of plant cell walls.Conclusions: This method can potentially be incorporated into label-free microanalyses of plant cell wall chemical composition based on the in situ vibrations of molecules.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) ACSm

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Zildene de Sousa Silveira ◽  
Nair Silva Macêdo ◽  
Suieny Rodrigues Bezerra ◽  
Abolghasem Siyadatpanah ◽  
Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Internet Searches

Amburana cearensis (Allemão) ACSm. belongs to the Fabaceae family and occurs in the Brazilian semiarid, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Peru. Numerous studies that portray its ethnobotany, use in popular medicine, chemical composition, and biological activities exist in the literature. This review aimed to provide an overview of the chemical composition, ethnopharmacology, and biological activities associated with A. cearensis and its isolated constituents. Information was collected from internet searches in the Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases were performed covering publications from 1997–2020. An ethnopharmacological literature analysis revealed that A. cearensis is used to treat a wide range of respiratory disorders in addition to intestinal, circulatory, and inflammatory problems. Coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic glycosides, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoid derivatives, and triterpenoids, among others, have been reported as active compounds, with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) being the main analytical technique used. The A. cearensis extracts and compounds presented several biological activities, including antimicrobial, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and myorelaxant activities, among others. This review provides a useful bibliography for future investigations and A. cearensis applications; however, future studies should focus on its toxic effects and the mechanisms of action of its extracts and isolated constituents to guide clinical applications.

Cell wall architecture as well as chemical composition determines fermentation of wheat cell walls by a faecal inoculum

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 105858
Author(s):  
Shiyi Lu ◽  
Bernadine M. Flanagan ◽  
Barbara A. Williams ◽  
Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽  
Michael J. Gidley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Architecture

Energy and protein values of four forages, including a comparison between tropical and temperate species

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Margan ◽  
NM Graham ◽  
DJ Minson ◽  
TW Searle
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Tropical Forages ◽  
Carbon Balances ◽  
Energy Maintenance

Artificially dried grass of 2 tropical species (Setaria spacelata and Digitaria decurnbens) from which most of the stem had been removed, and a temperate grass (Loliurn perenne) grown under the same subtropical conditions, were compared for energy and protein value. Data for a temperate clover hay (Trifolium resupinatum) that was tested concurrently are included because they provide useful contrasts. Each was evaluated by measuring energy, nitrogen (N) and carbon balances in 4 adult sheep at 2 levels of intake (ad libitum and near energy maintenance) and during fasting. The 3 grasses had similar leaf content (76-83%) and the clover much less (60%). The tropical forages had similar chemical composition but they contained less crude protein (10%) than the ryegrass (L. perenne) (1 5%) and more cell wall constituents (63-66% v. 58%). The clover had the most crude protein (19%) and the least cell walls (38%); it also was highest in carbohydrates, pectin and heat of combustion. Voluntary intakes of the setaria, pangola (D. decumbens) and ryegrass were similar and 20-30% lower than the intake of clover. Digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and energy were similar for the grasses and 8 percentage units lower than for the clover whereas digestibility of crude protein differed between the tropical and temperate species, the latter having digestibilities 12-15 units greater. Digestibility of cell walls did not vary. The metabolisable energy (ME) values of the grasses at maintenance were 8.3-8.5 MJ/kg DM while that of clover was 10.1; at maximum intakes, corresponding ME values were 7.9 and 10.0 MJ/kg DM. Net availability of ME for gain was 0.42 for the tropical grasses and the persian clover and 0.36 for the ryegrass. By contrast, the tropical forages supported higher gains of N relative to N supply than did the temperate forages because urinary N loss was not affected by intake of the tropicals; these differences in N gain were drastically reduced when gain was expressed in relation to ME. These results do not support the contention that forages of tropical species have a lower energy value per kg than temperate forages of similar composition. Indeed, the tropical species tested here appear to have had an ideal balance of energy and protein insofar as efficiency of use of digestible N was close to 100% and their energy values were commensurate with their chemical composition.

Active oxygen species and antioxidants in seed biology

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Bailly
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Seed Physiology

Active oxygen species (AOS) are involved in various aspects of seed physiology. Their generation, which occurs during seed desiccation, germination and ageing, may lead to oxidative stress and cellular damage, resulting in seed deterioration. However, cells are endowed with detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant compounds that scavenge AOS and participate in seed survival. The detoxifying mechanisms play a key role in acquisition of desiccation tolerance of developing seeds, completion of seed germination and seed storability. However, AOS must also be regarded as molecules intervening in cellular signalling. They are involved in growth processes occurring at early embryogenesis during seed development, and participate in the mechanisms underlying radicle protrusion during seed germination. AOS might also have a regulatory function in the changes in gene expression during seed development, dormancy and germination. Their interplay with other molecules, particularly with hormones such as abscisic acid, suggests that they should be considered as key components of an integrated signalling network involved in many aspects of seed physiology.

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