scholarly journals Normative need for orthodontic treatment and perception of the need for such treatment among Brazilian adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karla de Almeida Pinto Monteiro ◽  
Dmitry José de Santana Sarmento ◽  
Tássia Cristina de Almeida Pinto-Sarmento ◽  
Michele Baffi Diniz ◽  
Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Dental Aesthetics ◽  
Perceived Need For Treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the normative need for orthodontic treatment and the perception of such need among students aged 11-14 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 346 students, randomly selected from public and private schools. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to evaluate the normative need for orthodontic treatment (NNOT). The perceived need for treatment among students was assessed by a previously validated questionnaire. Data was analyzed by Pearson’s Chi-squared test (α = 5%). Results: The prevalence of malocclusion and NNOT was 65.6%. Of the sample, 73.7% felt they needed treatment, 66.2% wanted orthodontic treatment and 62.7% were satisfied with their dental aesthetics. A statistically significant association was observed between NNOT and the perception of the need for treatment among the students (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of malocclusion, which was reflected in the high normative need for orthodontic treatment. The opinion of patients regarding their expectations of orthodontic treatment should be valued. The students perceived a need for orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals School canteens in the Federal District, Brazil and the promotion of healthy eating

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Blamires Santos Porto ◽  
Bethsáida Abreu Soares Schmitz ◽  
Elisabetta Recine ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Carlos Ferreirinha Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
School Cafeterias

Objective: To characterize the school cafeterias in the Federal District of Brazil with respect to the promotion of healthy eating in schools. Methods: This is a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, with a representative sample of schools with cafeterias in the Federal District, Brazil (n=202). The data were collected from April to November 2010 by means of on-site interviews and a structured questionnaire. The Pearson's chi-squared and Student's t tests were used. Results: A higher prevalence of outsourcing, and few employees and dieticians were observed. The prevailing foods were baked sausage, cheese, or chicken rolls or pastries. It was also found that 42.2% of the schools influence the menu of the cafeterias, and 58.6% of the representatives believe in the possibility of influencing the students' eating habits. However, 68.0% of the respondents do not believe in the economic feasibility of completely healthful school cafeterias. Approximately 30.0% of the respondents carry out activities to promote healthy eating. Conclusion: Most of the school cafeterias in the Federal District do not encourage healthful eating. The high prevalence of outsourced services with little interference from the school community gives high autonomy to the cafeteria's owner, whose priority is the pursuit of profit at the expense of the students' nutritional education. Improving the nutritional quality of school foods should be a continuous interactive effort of the food suppliers, principals, students, parents, and government authorities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of asthma symptoms among adolescents in Brazil: National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Lima Barreto ◽  
Rita de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Maryane Oliveira-Campos ◽  
Marco Antonio Andreazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
International Study ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
School Based ◽  
High Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the prevalence rates of asthma symptoms in Brazil, its Regions and State capitals, according to data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, 2012. Furthermore, it aims to compare the prevalence of asthma in the capitals evaluated by PeNSE 2012 with previous results of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). METHODS: Cross sectional study of 9th grade students at public and private schools of all Brazilian states and the Federal District (Brasília). A self reported questionnaire containing items from the ISAAC was applied in order to identify the presence of asthma symptoms. RESULTS: The results of PeNSE indicate a high prevalence of asthma symptoms (23.2%) and of reports of a previous medical diagnosis of asthma (12.4%). Of the five state capitals in which the PeNSE results were compared to the ISAAC, São Paulo, Curitiba and Porto Alegre presented an increase in the prevalence of asthma symptoms. In Salvador, there was a reduction. CONCLUSION: Brazil is among the countries with the highest prevalence of asthma in the world, and the prevalence is still growing.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Actinic Cheilitis in Extractive Mining Workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaelle Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Rogéria Lucio de Oliveira ◽  
Marina Gallottini ◽  
Rubens Caliento ◽  
Dmitry José de Santana Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Actinic Cheilitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Squared

Abstract The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of actinic cheilitis among extractive mining workers and factors associated with the condition, especially the relationship between clinical appearance and the length of occupational exposure to sunlight. A cross-sectional study was performed in Dona Inês, Paraíba, Brazil between 2014 and 2015. A clinical examination, clinical photography and a questionnaire were applied to 201 extractive mining workers. The T-student’s, ANOVA one-way, Fisher’s exact and Pearson chi-squared tests were performed and the significance level was set at 5%. A high prevalence of actinic cheilitis was observed (38.8%). Length of occupational exposure to sunlight in months (169.63±112.68, p=0.002) was associated with actinic cheilitis. Most workers were Caucasian (p<0.001) and aged 37.41±12.15 years (p=0.004). The time of occupational exposure to sunlight was significant in relation to the following clinical features: atrophy (225.75±97.31; p=0.024); blurred demarcation between the vermilion border of the lip and the skin (186.68±113.15; p=0.032); vertical fissures (210.09±123.07; p=0.046); white and red spotting (199.51±91.80; p=0.004); hard consistency of the lip (225.81±122.34; p=0.012). A high prevalence of actinic cheilitis was found. Age and ethnicity were associated with the presence of AC. Severe clinical presentations of actinic cheilitis were found among participants who had worked for at least 185 months (approximately 15 years) exposed to the sun.

scholarly journals Orthodontic Treatment Need and Complexity among Nigerian Adolescents in Rivers State, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfleda Angelina Aikins ◽  
Oluranti Olatokunbo daCosta ◽  
Chukwudi Ochi Onyeaso ◽  
Michael Chukwudi Isiekwe
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Rivers State

Introduction. The assessment of orthodontic treatment need and complexity are necessary for informed planning of orthodontic services. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess these parameters using the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON) in a Nigerian adolescent population in a region where orthodontic services are just being established.Methods. Six hundred and twelve randomly selected Nigerian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were examined using the ICON in their school compounds. Descriptive statistics were employed in the data analysis.Results. Out of a total of 38.1% of the population found to need orthodontic treatment, there were more males and older adolescents. The overall mean ICON score for the population was SD with males having statistically higher mean ICON score. The grades of complexity of the population were 21.6% for very difficult and difficult, 7.5% moderate, and 70.9% mild/easy.Conclusions. Although just over a third of the adolescents were found to have a need for treatment, about a quarter of them were found to have difficult and very difficult complexity grades indicating a need for specialist care. The authors recommend the training of more specialist orthodontists in this region.

scholarly journals Perception of children and mothers regarding dental aesthetics and orthodontic treatment need: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Tavares de Sousa ◽  
Beatriz Feitosa da Silva ◽  
Fabiana Barros Marinho Maia ◽  
Franklin Delano Soares Forte ◽  
Fábio Correia Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Dental Aesthetics

scholarly journals Observed Risk Factors and the Prevalence of Potential Oral Malignant Lesions among a North Indian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Vasuda Bhagat ◽  
Mehtab Singh Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Malignant Lesions

INTRODUCTION: The menace of oral cancer has become a public health concern and its prevalence is increasing with every passing day, making it the sixth most common cancer across the globe. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for potential oral malignant disorders in a middle aged north Indian population.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adopting a Cross-sectional study design, this study examined a total of 944 participants in the Delhi-NCR region and males formed a majority of the population (569, 60.3%). Data was collected using a pre-tested and pre-validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was applied and the chi-squared test (for qualitative data) and independent samples t-test(for quantitative data) was applied to find out statistical differences (Using SPSS 21.0), if any.RESULTS: It was reported that 201 (21.29%) of the study population suffered from oral malignant lesions, and the most prevalent lesion was OSMF [115, 12.18%] followed by leukoplakia [49, 5.19%]. The prevalence of oral malignant lesions among males was found to be higher(18.97%) as compared to females. A significant difference was found between the oral lesions and tobacco ever and never chewers (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate a need to focus tobacco cessation programmes in the population of Delhi-NCR and reinforce it from time to time to reduce the burden of such Oral Malignant Disorders.

scholarly journals “Getting to Zero New HIV Infections in the Caribbean”: Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Male Circumcision Among Adolescent Males in The Bahamas

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 155798831987207
Author(s):  
Clemon George ◽  
Robin Roberts ◽  
Lynette Deveaux ◽  
Delon F.P. Brennen ◽  
Stanley E. Read
Keyword(s):  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Caribbean

Male circumcision (MC) plays a significant role in reducing new HIV infections, particularly in high prevalence countries. This cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence of MC and attitudes toward MC among youth aged 15–18 years in The Bahamas, a medium HIV prevalence country. The survey included 797 young men who completed a questionnaire on MC. Data analyses included chi-squared tests. The self-reported prevalence of MC among youth was 16.7% (121/759). Most of the circumcised youth were circumcised as infants, 84% (107/121) were pleased with their circumcision, and 71% would recommend it to others. For uncircumcised youth, 35% (189/533) would consider voluntary male circumcision (VMC) and 26% would recommend MC to others. In all scenarios, circumcised youth were more likely to be positive about MC. Among uncircumcised young men, being older (17–18 years compared to 15–16 years) was the only variable statistically associated with considering MC or recommending MC. After being presented with information on the benefits of MC for HIV prevention, the number of men who were positive about MC increased. Most of the young men in this cohort would consider VMC for reducing HIV incidence. Also, many stated that, if they had a male child, they would have him circumcised. The attitudes of these youth emphasize the need to provide information on HIV in addition to general health benefits of MC if there were to be a sustainable MC program within this population.

A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Self-Perceived Orthodontic Treatment Needs Amongst Tribal Adolescent With Remote Access to Orthodontic Treatment Using a Simplified Malocclusion Index

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110562
Author(s):  
Uday Kumar Digumarthi ◽  
R. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
The Self ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Perceived Need For Treatment

Background: Self-perceived orthodontic treatment need is strongly influenced by what is perceived to be the esthetic norm amongst a community, and reluctance toward treatment amongst adolescents with clinically ascertained malocclusion may often be due to readily remediable factors. Of particular interest is the prevalence of malocclusion amongst such communities as a probable indicator of the role of diet and genetics in establishing a predominant clinical phenotype that may also play a role in the construct of what is perceived as the esthetic norm amongst the community, thereby influencing the self-perceived need for treatment. Studies aimed at evaluating the association between self-perceived esthetics, and self-perceived treatment need have not been performed amongst a population with no prior exposure to orthodontic treatment Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the self-perceived orthodontic treatment need amongst the tribal adolescents belonging to regions with remote access to orthodontic treatment by way of a verbally assigned index and to also identify the reasons of reluctance toward treatment to better understand how to make orthodontic treatment readily accessible to such populations. Participants, Materials, and Methods: The agency areas of Paderu located at 18.0833°N 82.667°E and Parvathipuram located at 18°46'N 83°25'E are 2 revenue districts of Visakhapatnam and Vizianagaram, respectively, in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, that are home to various tribal populations with remote access to orthodontic treatment. A total of 2,016 school-going tribal adolescents of the Paderu revenue division and 819 tribal adolescents of the Parvathipuram revenue division were examined to ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion. Necessary consent and permissions were obtained from the tribal authorities, the school authorities, parents, and the institutional ethical clearance committee. The screening was done utilizing natural daylight in compliance with infection prevention and control protocol. Clinical examination aimed at categorizing the observed occlusion into either ideal occlusion or one of the three classes of Angle’s class I, II, and III malocclusions. The Simplified Malocclusion Index For Layperson Evaluation (SMILE) was verbally assigned in the vernacular language while interacting with each child and the findings made note of for calculation of relevant scores related to their orthodontic awareness, self-esteem as related to self-perceived esthetics, and their self-perceived need for treatment. Reasons for reluctance to undergo treatment were noted down if expressed. An initial group of 31 adolescents categorized as presenting with clinical malocclusion were randomly picked up and assigned the SMILE index a second time to assess the reliability of the index by way of Cohen’s kappa statistic. Results: The initial test group of 31 individuals assigned the SMILE twice showed a Cohen’s kappa of 0.93 validating almost perfect intraoperator agreement. The SMILE index revealed that 80.95% of the adolescents of Paderu revenue division had orthodontic awareness and 79.51% had self-perceived esthetics but only 15.97% felt a need for orthodontic treatment. Pearson’s Chi squared statistical analysis indicated a gender bias related to the self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment ( X 2 [1, N = 1,371] = 19.71, P < .001). The Index assigned to the Parvathipuram division revealed that 77.04% had orthodontic awareness and 78.38 had self-perceived esthetics but only 6.95% felt the need for orthodontic treatment. Pearson’s Chi squared statistical analysis indicated a gender bias related to the self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment ( X 2 [1, N = 764] = 4.95, P = .02). Conclusion: The self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment is often based on the self-perceived esthetics of an individual or the self-esteem as influenced by the perceived esthetic norm of the community. Orthodontic treatment of adolescents with borderline malocclusion derangements requires careful ascertaining of the actual perceived need of the patient to enable the rendering of a justifiable orthodontic treatment with the complete trust of the young patient. This helps build community trust in regions where orthodontic treatment has not yet made in roads and may help ensure higher end of treatment satisfaction levels.

scholarly journals Need for Orthodontic Treatment in Pupils Aged between 12 and 15 in the Valencian Region (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10162
Author(s):  
José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés ◽  
José María Montiel-Company ◽  
Carlos Bellot-Arcís ◽  
Teresa Almerich-Torres ◽  
José Manuel Almerich-Silla
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Valencian Region

The World Health Organization recommends carrying out periodic epidemiological studies in order to provide a basis for the evaluation of the state of health of the population at any given time; in doing so, action strategies can be established for the treatment of different pathologies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the need for orthodontic treatment in adolescents at school aged between 12 and 15 in the Spanish autonomous region known as Comunidad Valenciana (hereafter: Valencian Region). A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 539 12-year-old schoolchildren and 460 15-year-olds, respectively, selected by cluster sampling and representative of the school-aged population of the Valencian Region, using the IOTN-DHC, IOTN-AC, and DAI indices. The need for specific orthodontic treatment according to the IOTN-DHC was 12.6% at 12 years and 7% at 15. For the IOTN-AC and DAI indices, the treatment needs were 4.3% and 0.9% at 12 years and 30.1% and 20.9% at the age of 15. These results were similar to those obtained in the previous study carried out on the same target population. There was no significant association between the need for treatment and gender or social class. We conclude that the need for orthodontic treatment presents values similar to those obtained in 2010.

scholarly journals Observed Risk Factors and the Prevalence of Potential Oral Malignant Lesions among a North Indian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Vasuda Bhagat ◽  
Mehtab Singh Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Malignant Lesions

INTRODUCTION: The menace of oral cancer has become a public health concern and its prevalence is increasing with every passing day, making it the sixth most common cancer across the globe. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for potential oral malignant disorders in a middle aged north Indian population.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adopting a Cross-sectional study design, this study examined a total of 944 participants in the Delhi-NCR region and males formed a majority of the population (569, 60.3%). Data was collected using a pre-tested and pre-validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was applied and the chi-squared test (for qualitative data) and independent samples t-test(for quantitative data) was applied to find out statistical differences (Using SPSS 21.0), if any.RESULTS: It was reported that 201 (21.29%) of the study population suffered from oral malignant lesions, and the most prevalent lesion was OSMF [115, 12.18%] followed by leukoplakia [49, 5.19%]. The prevalence of oral malignant lesions among males was found to be higher(18.97%) as compared to females. A significant difference was found between the oral lesions and tobacco ever and never chewers (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate a need to focus tobacco cessation programmes in the population of Delhi-NCR and reinforce it from time to time to reduce the burden of such Oral Malignant Disorders.

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