scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Actinic Cheilitis in Extractive Mining Workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaelle Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Rogéria Lucio de Oliveira ◽  
Marina Gallottini ◽  
Rubens Caliento ◽  
Dmitry José de Santana Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Actinic Cheilitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Squared

Abstract The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of actinic cheilitis among extractive mining workers and factors associated with the condition, especially the relationship between clinical appearance and the length of occupational exposure to sunlight. A cross-sectional study was performed in Dona Inês, Paraíba, Brazil between 2014 and 2015. A clinical examination, clinical photography and a questionnaire were applied to 201 extractive mining workers. The T-student’s, ANOVA one-way, Fisher’s exact and Pearson chi-squared tests were performed and the significance level was set at 5%. A high prevalence of actinic cheilitis was observed (38.8%). Length of occupational exposure to sunlight in months (169.63±112.68, p=0.002) was associated with actinic cheilitis. Most workers were Caucasian (p<0.001) and aged 37.41±12.15 years (p=0.004). The time of occupational exposure to sunlight was significant in relation to the following clinical features: atrophy (225.75±97.31; p=0.024); blurred demarcation between the vermilion border of the lip and the skin (186.68±113.15; p=0.032); vertical fissures (210.09±123.07; p=0.046); white and red spotting (199.51±91.80; p=0.004); hard consistency of the lip (225.81±122.34; p=0.012). A high prevalence of actinic cheilitis was found. Age and ethnicity were associated with the presence of AC. Severe clinical presentations of actinic cheilitis were found among participants who had worked for at least 185 months (approximately 15 years) exposed to the sun.

scholarly journals Factors associated to suicide risk in stricto sensu postgraduate students: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Kelly das Neves Abreu ◽  
Samira Reschetti Marcon ◽  
Mariano Martínez Espinosa ◽  
Moisés Kogien ◽  
Marília Duarte Valim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Validated Instrument

Objective: to analyze factors associated to suicide risk in postgraduate students. Method: a cross-sectional analytical study, developed with 565 stricto sensu postgraduate students from August to September 2019. Data collection took place using a validated instrument containing demographic, socioeconomic, health and academic variables; as well as variables of Module C of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), version 5.0; of the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed by criticism, Guilty and Eye-opener) questionnaire; and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Descriptive and multiple statistical analysis was performed using the Poisson regression model, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 40.8% prevalence of current suicide risk. The following variables were associated to current suicide risk: age > 30 years old (p=0.029), absence of faith (p=0.015), depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p=0.018) symptoms, use of psychotropic drugs during the course (p<0.001), not having a meaningful and inspiring academic work (p=0.013), not having a good relationship with colleagues from the postgraduate school (p=0.033), having family relationship impaired by the demands of the postgraduate school (p=0.036) and concern about the financial situation (p=0.048). Conclusion: a high prevalence of current suicide risk was identified among postgraduate students, as well as a significant association of this risk with demographic, socioeconomic, academic and health variables.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hyposalivation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Brazilian Subpopulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristhiane Almeida Leite ◽  
Marcial Francis Galera ◽  
Mariano Martínez Espinosa ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Teles de Lima ◽  
Vander Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Population

Background.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory, multisystem, and autoimmune disease.Objective.The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of hyposalivation in SLE patients and evaluate factors associated.Methods.This is a cross-sectional study developed at the Cuiaba University General Hospital (UNIC-HGU), Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study population consisted of female SLE patients treated at this hospital from 06/2010 to 12/2012. Unstimulated salivary flow rates (SFRs) were measured. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed in all cases using a significance levelP<0.05.Results.The results showed that 79% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus suffered from hyposalivation and that the disease activity and age in years were the factors that resulted in statistically significant differences.Conclusion.The activity of the disease, age >27 years, and the drugs used were factors associated with hyposalivation, resulting in a statistically significant decrease in saliva production.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with polypharmacy among elderly persons resident in the community

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Araujo de Almeida ◽  
Annelita Almeida Oliveira Reiners ◽  
Rosemeiry Capriata de Souza Azevedo ◽  
Ageo Mário Cândido da Silva ◽  
Joana Darc Chaves Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Objective: to verify the prevalence of and factors associated with polypharmacy among elderly residents of the city of Cuiabá, in the state of Mato Grosso. Method: a cross-sectional study of 573 people aged 60 and over was performed. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more medications. To investigate the association between polypharmacy and sociodemographic variables, health and access to medication, the Mantel Haenszel chi square test was used in bivariate analysis and Poisson regression was used in multivariate analysis. The significance level adopted was 5%. Result: the prevalence of polypharmacy was 10.30%. Statistically significant associations were found between polypharmacy and living with others, describing suffering from circulatory, endocrine, nutritional and digestive tract diseases, and referring to financial difficulties for the purchase of medicines. Conclusion: some social and health condition factors play an important role in the use of multiple medications among the elderly.

scholarly journals School canteens in the Federal District, Brazil and the promotion of healthy eating

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Blamires Santos Porto ◽  
Bethsáida Abreu Soares Schmitz ◽  
Elisabetta Recine ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Carlos Ferreirinha Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
School Cafeterias

Objective: To characterize the school cafeterias in the Federal District of Brazil with respect to the promotion of healthy eating in schools. Methods: This is a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, with a representative sample of schools with cafeterias in the Federal District, Brazil (n=202). The data were collected from April to November 2010 by means of on-site interviews and a structured questionnaire. The Pearson's chi-squared and Student's t tests were used. Results: A higher prevalence of outsourcing, and few employees and dieticians were observed. The prevailing foods were baked sausage, cheese, or chicken rolls or pastries. It was also found that 42.2% of the schools influence the menu of the cafeterias, and 58.6% of the representatives believe in the possibility of influencing the students' eating habits. However, 68.0% of the respondents do not believe in the economic feasibility of completely healthful school cafeterias. Approximately 30.0% of the respondents carry out activities to promote healthy eating. Conclusion: Most of the school cafeterias in the Federal District do not encourage healthful eating. The high prevalence of outsourced services with little interference from the school community gives high autonomy to the cafeteria's owner, whose priority is the pursuit of profit at the expense of the students' nutritional education. Improving the nutritional quality of school foods should be a continuous interactive effort of the food suppliers, principals, students, parents, and government authorities.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Behavioral Factors Associated with HIV Vulnerability according to Sexual Orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida A. O. Serra ◽  
Antoninho B. Milhomem ◽  
Samae B. Oliveira ◽  
Francisca Aline A. S. Santos ◽  
Roberta Araújo e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sex With Men

Objective. To analyze sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with vulnerability to HIV according to sexual orientation. Method. This is a cross-sectional study conducted using data on 3,818 people in the city of Imperatriz, Brazil, during 2015 and 2016. The survey’s questionnaires addressed sociodemographic and behavioral variables. For the data analysis, association (chi-square test) and strength of association (odds ratio) were observed. A significance level of p<0.05 and adjustment for age and gender were taken into consideration. Results. A substantial portion of the sample stated they were heterosexual (88.8%). These individuals demonstrated a lower chance of HIV infection (p<0.001), sexually transmitted infections (p<0.001), alcohol use (p<0.001) and condom use (p<0.001), compared to men who have sex with men and/or bisexuals. In this group, after adjusting for confounding variables, the factors associated with HIV infection were being male (p<0.001), unmarried (p<0.001), having completed higher education (p<0.001) and boasting multiple sexual partners (p<0.001). Conclusion. Behavioral and sociodemographic factors of vulnerability to HIV are predominant among men who have sex with men and/or are bisexual.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INJURIES IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eduarda Ferreira Costa ◽  
Jader Barbosa Fonseca ◽  
Ana Izabela Sobral de Oliveira ◽  
Kryslly Danielle de Amorim Cabral ◽  
Maria das Graças Rodrigues de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Running Injuries ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Introduction The increased number of people who choose running as a form of exercise has been associated with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries. Objectives To determine the prevalence and the factors that could be correlated with injuries among amateur runners in Recife, in the State of Pernambuco (PE), Brazil. Methods An observational, cross-sectional study, in which 300 (three hundred) amateur runners answered a social demographic questionnaire, as well as questions about training characteristics, footstrike and landing pattern, and history of running injuries. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the student-t test to compare means, and the Chi-squared to compare prevalences. Results The prevalence of injuries amongst runners in Recife-PE was 58.5% (n= 175), the knee being the most commonly injured site (37.3%). In both groups - runners with and without injuries – there was a higher number of male runners, with 72.4% and 72.6% respectively. There was no difference in relation to the weekly frequency of running between the groups (p<0.63). However, runners with a history of injuries ran around 7 kmh a week more than the runners without injuries (p<0.03). A neutral footstrike (F=0.87; p=0.99) and hindfoot landing (F=4.13; p=0.90) were the most reported running patterns in both groups. It was found that wear was the main criterion used for changing running shoes in both groups (F = 8.35, p = 0.4). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among amateur runners in Recife-PE. Among the factors associated with the injuries, one variable was significant: a higher weekly volume of training. Level of evidence II; Study type: Cross-sectional study.

scholarly journals An assessment of factors associated with shisha smoking among students at Evelyn Hone College, Lusaka, Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Brian Loloji ◽  
Foster Munsanje ◽  
Titus Haakonde ◽  
Mwanamwaka Samanyama
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Education Campaigns ◽  
Social Environmental

Background: Shisha smoking in Zambia, referring to the way of smoking tobacco in which the vapor passes through water before inhalation, is seen as a new practice, especially among youths of 18 to 25 age group. Factors associated with this practice have not yet been established. This study aimed at assessing the factors associated with shisha smoking among students at Evelyn Hone College.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 347 Evelyn Hone College students selected using convenience sampling method. Data collection was by pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Chi-squared statistical tests were used to determine the association between the independent variables, which were demographic, social, environmental, cultural and personal factors, and the dependent variable being shisha smoking using SPSS version 18.Results: The study revealed that shisha smoking was significantly associated with age of the smoker, level of income, peer pressure and knowledge levels of the smokers on adverse effects associated with shisha smoking. These relationships were determined by the logistical regression output which showed that age [OR=1.802 (1.152-2.818), p<0.05)], friends smoke cigarette/shisha [(OR=4.417 (1.760-11.086), p<0.05)], monthly allowance/income [(OR=0.663 (0.456-0.965), p<0.05)] and perceived risk [(OR=0.084 (0.046-0.154), p<0.05)] which all showed significant association with shisha smoking.Conclusions: Interventions to reduce or quit shisha smoking among students need to have extended policies that apply to cigarette smoking. Additionally, health education campaigns against shisha smoking should as well be packaged in the anti-smoking messages targeting the youths.

scholarly journals TRIGGER FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MIGRAINE HEADACHE AMONG NORTHERN IRANIAN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Negar Gorjizadeh ◽  
◽  
Saeed Irian ◽  
Ansar Karimian ◽  
Payam Saadat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

Background. Migraine is the most common neurological disorder associated with a wide range of psychiatric comorbidities. It is therefore regarded as a major global health problem due to its high prevalence. Here we investigated the factors associated with migraine among an Iranian population. Methods. This investigation included a cross-sectional study consisting of 270 migraine patients. Initially, a questionnaire was designed based on demographic information and headache characteristics. SPSS analyzed the collected data, and chi-square and logistic regression were used to evaluate the clinical data. Results. Our findings revealed that many migraine patients are experiencing multiple trigger factors, with stressful life events being the most common in both genders and migraine subtypes. The incidence of migraine was higher in women than in men. Among the trigger factors leading to the intensification of migraine attacks, stress, sleep changes, and bright lights were the most common and important causes of headache, followed by tiredness and weather change disturbance. Conclusions. Considering the contradictory reports on the effect of trigger factors on migraine, further studies are needed to be performed. Due to the significance of the socio-economic impact of migraine on patient’s quality of life, strategies for managing these factors should be effectively implemented to improve the community’s health.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Postpartum Hemorrhage in a Maternity Ward

Aquichan ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Daianne Teixeira ◽  
Telmara Menezes Couto ◽  
Ridalva Dias Martins ◽  
Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira ◽  
Jaqueline Alves Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multiparous Women

Objective: Checking the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in a maternity school. Materials and methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study in a maternity hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. In data collection, we used a standardized form that contained sociodemographic and clinical data from the medical records of 83 women for the period of 2018. Stata version 14 software was used in the analyses. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Pearson’s or Fisher’s exact tests. Poisson regression was performed with robust variation in multivariate analysis. Prevalence ratios (PR) and respective 95 % confidence intervals were estimated. The significance level of the tests was 5 %. Results: The prevalence of PPH was 38.6 % and 25.6 % for atony as the cause. In the bivariate analysis, there was an association between PPH and non-breastfeeding in the first hour of life (p = 0.039). In the multivariate analysis, it was identified that multiparous women had an increase in the prevalence of PPH by almost twice (PR = 1.97). Not breastfeeding in the first hour of life increased this prevalence more than four times (PR = 4.16). Conclusions: Monitoring multiparous women during birth care and encouraging breastfeeding in the first hour of life may decrease the prevalence of PPH.

scholarly journals Normative need for orthodontic treatment and perception of the need for such treatment among Brazilian adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karla de Almeida Pinto Monteiro ◽  
Dmitry José de Santana Sarmento ◽  
Tássia Cristina de Almeida Pinto-Sarmento ◽  
Michele Baffi Diniz ◽  
Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Dental Aesthetics ◽  
Perceived Need For Treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the normative need for orthodontic treatment and the perception of such need among students aged 11-14 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 346 students, randomly selected from public and private schools. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to evaluate the normative need for orthodontic treatment (NNOT). The perceived need for treatment among students was assessed by a previously validated questionnaire. Data was analyzed by Pearson’s Chi-squared test (α = 5%). Results: The prevalence of malocclusion and NNOT was 65.6%. Of the sample, 73.7% felt they needed treatment, 66.2% wanted orthodontic treatment and 62.7% were satisfied with their dental aesthetics. A statistically significant association was observed between NNOT and the perception of the need for treatment among the students (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of malocclusion, which was reflected in the high normative need for orthodontic treatment. The opinion of patients regarding their expectations of orthodontic treatment should be valued. The students perceived a need for orthodontic treatment.

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