scholarly journals Brachiaria decumbens intraspecific hybrids: characterization and selection for seed production

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenise Castilho Monteiro ◽  
Jaqueline Rosemeire Verzignassi ◽  
Sanzio Carvalho Lima Barrios ◽  
Cacilda Borges Valle ◽  
Celso Dornelas Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Second Year ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids

Abstract: Brachiaria decumbens has great importance in the national beef cattle scenario due to its high forage yield potential and high adaptability to acid soils and low fertility. In order to obtain new cultivars, intraspecific hybrids, previously selected by the Brachiaria breeding program, were evaluated in 2013 and 2014 for phenological characteristics and seed production potential through their production components, aiming to obtain cultivars with satisfactory production agronomic characteristics and forage yield, resistant to 'cigarrinhas-das-pastagens'(Tomaspia sp.) and good seed production. Estimates of phenotypic correlation and analysis of variance were performed using the SAS 9.3 software. From the results obtained in both consecutive years, it was observed that there was a correlation between the reproductive tiller number (RT) and the pure seeds (PS) weight in the seedbeds of the second year of production around 70% (p < 0.01), which can be considered as a parameter to estimate the production of pure seeds before the start of flowering.

scholarly journals Forage Yield of Five Grasses Under Intensive Grazing Management in the Humid Region of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
José Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Intensively Managed

Three grasses on intensively managed and grazed 10 x 10 m plots produced statistically similar yields of dry forage over a 3-year period expressed in kg/ha/yr as follows: Stargrass—12,445; Coast Cross #1—12,285; and Hemarthria PI 299995—13,685. Hemarthria PI 299994 produced significantly higher yields—15,370 kg/ha/yr. Cynodon plectostachyus, on the other hand, did not tolerate intensive grazing and produced only 4,695 kg/ha during the second year. Yields of Star and Hemarthria PI 299995 were comparable to yields obtained in a large scale grazing experiment nearby, which confirmed the validity of the small experimental plot technique in determining yield potential of grazed forage grasses.

scholarly journals Ataque e Caracterização de Danos de Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em Brachiaria decumbens Stapf e Panicum maximum Jacq.

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
Silma da Silva Camilo ◽  
Márcia Vitória Santos ◽  
Marcus Alvarenga Soares ◽  
Evaldo Martins Pires
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Cattle Rearing

As pastagens cultivadas constituem a base da bovinocultura no Brasil sendo que, os gêneros Brachiaria e Panicum ocupam lugar de destaque. Brachiaria decumbens Stapf possui vantagens como grande adaptabilidade a solos ácidos e de baixa fertilidade, ao clima tropical, além de proporcionar alto rendimento de massa seca. Panicum maximum Jacq. é importante devido ao alto potencial de produção de massa seca por unidade de área, adaptabilidade, qualidade de forragem, facilidade de estabelecimento e aceitabilidade pelos animais. Foi observado o ataque do pulgão Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), comumente encontrado em hortaliças, principalmente nas do gênero Brassica, nestas gramíneas, causando danos como amarelecimento de folhas, depauperamento e formação de fumagina em plantas cultivadas em casa de vegetação. Este inseto poderá se tornar uma praga potencial de B. decumbens cv. Basilisk e P. maximum cv. Tanzânia se for confirmada sua adaptação aos novos hospedeiros em campo. Attack and Damage Characterization of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Brachiaria decumbens Stapf and Panicum maximum Jacq. Abstract. The cultivated pastures are the basis of cattle rearing in Brazil and the Brachiaria and Panicum genera are most important. Brachiaria decumbens Stapf has great advantages such as adaptability to acid soils of low fertility, to the tropical climate and to providing high yield of dry matter. Panicum maximum Jacq. is important because of the high potential production of dry mass per unit area, adaptability, forage quality, ease of establishment and acceptability by animals. It was reported the attack and damage of the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), commonly found in vegetables, especially in the genus Brassica, in these grasses causing damage such as leaf yellowing, plant depletion and formation of sooty mold in the greenhouse. This insect can become a potential pest of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk and P. maximum cv. Tanzânia, if confirmed their adaptation to new hosts in the field.

scholarly journals Producción de carne bovina en praderas renovadas con Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú en el Piedemonte de los llanos Orientales de Colombia

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Rincón Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Forage Yield ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Farmer Management ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Stocking Rates

<p>En una finca ganadera del Piedemonte Llanero de Colombia se realizó un trabajo de recuperación de praderas de  <em>Brachiaria decumbens</em>, degradadas por el ataque del "mión de los pastos" (<em>Aeneolamia sp</em>.) y con predominio de la gramínea nativa <em>Homolepis aturensis</em> ("paja amarga"). Los tratamientos consistieron en labranza vertical al comienzo de las lluvias, siembra de la gramínea <em>Brachiaria brizantha</em> cv. Marandú y de las leguminosas forrajeras <em>Pueraria phaseoloides</em> (Kudzú) y <em>Arachis pintoi</em> (maní forrajero). Además, se fertilizó con 200 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> de roca fosfórica y cal dolomítica, 50 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> de cloruro de potasio y 25 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> de flor de azufre. Se utilizaron 30 animales enteros o toros (sin castrar) y 30 novillos (castrados) Cebú comercial, los cuales pastorearon 15 ha de pradera mejorada y 30 ha de pradera de <em>B. decumbens</em> con el manejo tradicional del productor (testigo); los animales se llevaron hasta un peso al sacrificio de 460 kg/animal. En la pradera renovada la disponibilidad de forraje aumentó de 750 a2.500 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> MS con 28 días de descanso; el contenido de minerales y proteína también aumentó. A su vez, la carga animal en las praderas renovadas fue 1.9 veces la obtenida en las praderas con manejo tradicional. Los novillos y los toros de la pradera mejorada ganaron 233 y 270 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> /año más de lo que ganaron los animales de la pradera testigo. En el segundo año el ingreso neto en la pradera testigo fue de $240.000 y $146.000/ha/año para toros y novillos respectivamente, mientras que en la pradera renovada el ingreso neto correspondiente fue de $762.000 y $590.000/ha/año.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Meat bovine production in renovated pastures with <em>Brachiaria bizantha</em> cv. Marandu in Colombian Piedemonte Llanero</strong></p><p>ln a livestock farm located in the Colombian Piedemonte Llanero (Meta department), the recovery of a <em>Brachiaria decumbens </em>pasture, degraded by the attack of the spittle bug (<em>Aeneolamia sp.)</em> and consisting mostly of the native pasture <em>Homolepis aturensis</em> was  carried out by application of vertical tillage, seeding of the grass <em>Brachiaria brizantha </em>cv. Marandú and the tropical pasture legumes <em>Pueraria phaseoloides</em> (Kudzu) and <em>Arachis pintoi </em>and fertilization with 200 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> of phosphoric rock and lime, 50 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>  of potassium chloride and 25 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> of sulfur. A total of 60 commercial zebu animals: 30 whole (non - castrated) and 30 castrated, were equally distributed among the 15 renovated hectares and 30 <em>B. decumbens</em> hectares receiving the traditional farmer management, where they grazed until they reached sacrifice weight (460 kg/animal). In the renovated pastures, forage yield increased from 750 to 2.500 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> dry matter with 28 days of pause interval; the content of protein and mineral of the forage also increased. Additionally, stocking rates were 1.9 times greater in the renovated pastures as compared to the pastures managed by the farmer. Castrated and non - castrated anirnals grazing on the renovated pastures produced 233 and 270 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> per year of meat more than their counterparts grazing on the pastures managed by the farmer. In the second year, the net income obtained with castrated and non-castrated animals were $146.000 and $240.000 halyear in the pastures managed by the farmer and $590.000 and $762.000 with castrated and non-castrated animals grazing in the renovated pastures, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Oat as Green Fodder and Its Intercropping Benefits: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swotantra Dangi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
High Forage

Oat (Avena sativa L.) has been grown in the past hundred years, though its production potential is yet to be explored to combat the winter forage scarcity. The oats can be grown in combination with other fodder legumes such as berseem, lucerne, pea and vetch. In order to increase productivity per unit area, there is a need to test the promising forage species having high forage yield potential and quality as well the compatibility for mix cropping. The present review explores the productive potential of oat combined with promising legumes in terms of dry matter and chemical composition. The present review summarizes the benefits of oat-legume intercropping on forage yield and quality. Further, it discusses that oats in combination with pea and or vetch could be a potential model of intercropping to attain an increased forage dry matter yield that could address the situation of mitigating DM shortage, especially during winter season. 

scholarly journals Multi-environment evaluation of foxtail millet advanced lines for forage yield stability

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-850
Author(s):  
Reza Ataei ◽  
Mohammad Shiri
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Forage

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. P. Beauv.) is a very important crop in the arid and semi-arid areas. In the present study, five advanced lines and one commercial check (Bastan) were tested across12 (six locations and two years) environments. An attempt was made to identify superior line(s) with emphasis on high forage yield potential and yield stability over multi-environment trials using GGE biplot analysis. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Combined analysis of variance for forage yield showed that the genotypes, environments, and the interaction effects were highly significant (P ? 0.01). The environment, genotype and interaction effects accounted for 76.38%, 6.97% and 8.92% of the total forage yield variation, respectively. GGE biplot analysis showed that G5 has both high forage yield and stability across the studied environments and E3 and E4 were high-yielding environments in this study. Which-won-where study partitioned the testing locations into two mega-environments with G5 and G3 as winning genotypes in the first and second mega-environment, respectively. According to discriminate ability and representativeness, the E4 and E12 environments were perfect environments. Overall, existence of extensive crossover interaction clearly suggested that efforts are necessary to identify location-specific genotypes over multi-environment trials for release of new varieties.

scholarly journals Liming and fertilization to restore degraded Brachiaria decumbens pastures grown on an entisol

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Perondi Anchão Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Enedi Boaretto ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
Wladecir Salles de Oliveira ◽  
Moacyr Corsi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Degraded Pastures

The reconstitution of soil fertility is essential in the process of pasture restoring, liming being the first action to be taken in this direction. The liming recommendation for pastures needs more technical information as the application method and rate. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the liming and fertilization practices to restore a degraded Brachiaria decumbens pasture. The following factors were studied: liming method (incorporated in soil by disking or not); level of base saturation (40, 50 or 80%) and lime type (55, 70 or 90 of ECC). Liming and fertilization (NPK and micronutrients) increased both the forage yield and its root system, these being more evident in the second year, even using the same rates of lime and fertilizer used during the first year. After two years the levels of base saturation aimed for the 0 to 0.20 m soil layer were not achieved, neither was the neutralization of the Al. The disking impaired the development of the root system of B. decumbens and promoted the decrease of soil organic matter. The lime with the lowest ECC increased root growth and led to higher concentrations of Ca and Mg in the soil. Studies in other conditions are necessary to define liming requirements in established and degraded pastures.

EFFECT OF RHIZOBIAL INOCULATION AND NODULATION ON YIELD AND WINTER SURVIVAL OF SOME ALFALFA CULTIVARS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tu ◽  
M. M. McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Rhizobial Inoculation ◽  
Second Year ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Made In

A 3-year study was made in the greenhouse and in the field to assess the nodulation response, forage yield, and winter survival of 12 alfalfa cultivars following rhizobial inoculation. The most effective rhizobial concentration for achieving maximum nodulation appeared to be 5 × 103 or 104 rhizobia per cubic centimetre of soil for all cultivars tested and the degree of nodulation response at these levels showed the highest correlation to yield and winter hardiness in postwintering trials. There was a drastic shift in yield ranking among the 12 cultivars in the postwintering harvest compared to that of prewintering. The varietal nodulation response appeared to be associated with winter survival, which in turn affected the forage yield of the second year. The discrepancy in yield ranking between prewinter and postwinter was associated with cultivar nodulation in response to inoculum level, and winterkill. Cultivars of high forage yield generally had good nodulation in response to medium and high levels of rhizobial inoculation and a high winter survival rate. There was no direct relationship between prewinter yield and crude protein content (CPC) in alfalfa forage. Cultivars with more than 22% CPC did not differ significantly in their susceptibility to winterkill, but two cultivars, Caliverde and Berseem, with less than 21% CPC, appeared highly vulnerable to winterkill.Key words: Nodulation, winter hardiness, alfalfa, selection

scholarly journals Do applications of systemic herbicides when green fruit are present prevent seed production or viability of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard)?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Leo Roth ◽  
José Luiz C. S. Dias ◽  
Christopher Evans ◽  
Kevin Rohling ◽  
Mark Renz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Alliaria Petiolata ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Garlic Mustard ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Second Year

Garlic mustard [Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande] is a biennial invasive plant commonly found in the northeastern and midwestern United States. Although it is not recommended to apply herbicides after flowering, land managers frequently desire to conduct management during this timing. We applied glyphosate and triclopyr (3% v/v and 1% v/v using 31.8% and 39.8% acid equivalent formulations, respectively) postemergence to established, second-year A. petiolata populations at three locations when petals were dehiscing, and evaluated control, seed production and seed viability. Postemergence glyphosate applications at this timing provided 100% control of A. petiolata by 4 weeks after treatment at all locations whereas triclopyr efficacy was variable, providing 38-62% control. Seed production was only reduced at one location, with similar results regardless of treatment. Percent seed viability was also reduced, and when combined with reductions in seed production, we found a 71-99% reduction in number of viable seed produced plant-1 regardless of treatment. While applications did not eliminate viable seed production, our findings indicate that glyphosate and triclopyr applied while petals were dehiscing is a viable alternative to cutting or hand-pulling at this timing as it substantially decreased viable A. petiolata seed production. Management Implications Postemergence glyphosate and triclopyr applications in the early spring to rosettes are standard treatments used to manage A. petiolata. However, weather and other priorities limit the window for management, forcing field practitioners to utilize more labor-intensive methods such as hand-pulling. It is not known how late in the development of A. petiolata these herbicides can be applied to prevent viable seed production. Since prevention of soil seedbank replenishment is a key management factor for effective long-term control of biennial invasive species, we hypothesized late spring foliar herbicide applications to second year A. petiolata plants when flower petals were dehiscing could be an effective management tool if seed production or viability is eliminated. Our study indicated that glyphosate applications at this timing provided 100% control of A. petiolata plants by 4 weeks after treatment at all locations, whereas triclopyr efficacy was inconsistent. Although both glyphosate and triclopyr decreased viable seed production to nearly zero at one of our three study locations, the same treatments produced significant amounts of viable seed at the other two locations. Our findings suggest late spring glyphosate and triclopyr applications should not be recommended over early spring applications to rosettes for A. petiolata management, as our late spring application timing did not prevent viable seed production, and may require multiple years of implementation to eradicate populations. Nonetheless, this application timing holds value in areas devoid of desirable understory vegetation compared to no management practices or mechanical management options including hand-pulling when fruit are present, as overall viable seed production was reduced to similar levels as these treatments.

THE SEED PRODUCTION CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY OF RED PINE CONES (PINUS RESINOSA AIT.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Pine Cones

The seed capacity of red pine cones varies from about 30 to over 110, depending on the size of the cone and its position in the tree crown, and is determined by the number of ovules that are structurally complete at the time of pollination. These ovules occur in a central "productive" region and constitute less than one-half of the total. The remaining ovules, most: of which are in the proximal part of the cone, never become structurally perfect, and do not contribute to seed production. Abortion of ovules in the productive region usually reduces seed production efficiency to 50–60%, and is accompanied mainly by withering of the nucellus in the first year and failure to produce archegonia early in the second year. The extent of ovule abortion during the first year varies indirectly with cone size, seed capacity, and height in tree.

scholarly journals Forage yield and nutritive value of hay from sorghum-sudangrass hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e95991110508
Author(s):  
Hosnerson Renan de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Mauro Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
Ingrid Thalia Prado de Castro ◽  
Mário Henrique Melo e Lima ◽  
Luiza Maria Gigante Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
High Forage

The objective was to evaluate agronomically nine sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) and the nutritive value of their respective hays. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3 × 9 factorial scheme, with three replications. Three cuts were made: 42 days after germination, 29 days after regrowth, and 28 days after the second regrowth. All hybrids showed a higher number of plants ha–1 (P < 0.05) in the second cut. For the green matter and dry matter production of the hays, the values ranged from 49.16 to 62.07 t ha–1 and 9.07 to 11.43 t ha–1, respectively. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in dry matter, mineral matter, or ether extract. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 810, 1013016, and 1624F016 showed higher values of crude protein (CP) of 16.49, 16.17, 16.08, and 15.88%, respectively. Differences were observed (P < 0.05) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 802, 1013021, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006 presented lower levels of NDF (60.57, 60.74, 62.15, 62.37, 62.58, and 64.70%, respectively). The hybrids BRS 802, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006, stood out above the others, presenting high forage yield and adequate nutritive value (CP content >13% and NDF content <65%).

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