scholarly journals Surface-groundwater interaction in unconfined sedimentary aquifer system in the Brazil’s tropical wet region

RBRH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Henrique Cavazzana ◽  
Giancarlo Lastoria ◽  
Sandra Garcia Gabas
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Sedimentary Aquifer

ABSTRACT Since groundwater and surface waters are important components of the hydrological system, determining their interaction is essential for the efficient management of water resources by predicting the consequences of interference, whether due to the growth of demand or due to climate change. However, integrated scientific studies on these water resources are scarce, including in the Guariroba’s Environmental Protection Area, responsible for supplying 31.3% of the Campo Grandem/MS’s population, representing a local water security element. Thus, this work had as objective to evaluate the interaction between surface-groundwater in an unconfined sedimentary aquifer system, based on hydrograph separation methodologies of base flow, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) analysis, Master Recession Curve (MRC) evaluation and verification of the relationship between the surface flow, piezometric levels (PL) of the wells and the monthly precipitation. The results indicates a proportional relationship between rainfall, superficial flow and PL variations; the FDC smooth slope suggests that the baseflow is sustained by the groundwater discharge, corresponding to 89% of the total flow; the low-flow index indicates that the groundwater’s storage capacity is about 80%; the Base-Flow Index (BFI) ranging from 0.804 to 0.921, indicates a stable flow regime, aquifer’s high permeability conditions, though not uniform, and low runoff.

scholarly journals Determination of Tank Model Parameters with Four Series Structure in Rokan Watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Manyuk Fauzi ◽  
Yohanna Lilis Handayani ◽  
Annisa Destiany
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Tank Model ◽  
Discharge Data

Information about low flow and water availability is one of the important factors in the management of water resources. The Rokan River Basin as one of the water resources in Riau Province is very important to know the condition of its water availability. One conceptual hydrological model for low flow analysis is the Tank Model developed by Sugawara. Data input needed in this research is daily rainfall data at Pasar Tangun Station, climatology data at Rambah Utama station and discharge data at AWLR Pasir Pengaraian. Model parameter search in the calibration stage is by trial and error. Using a 90% confidence interval a range of parameter values for the tank model is obtained, which is special for production store are surface flow 150.81 mm ≤ H1 ≤ 204.75 mm, intermediate flow 156.74 mm ≤ H2 ≤ 194.37 mm, sub base flow 141.24 mm ≤ H3 ≤ 176, 54 mm and base flow 139.43 mm ≤ H4 ≤ 176.12 mm.

scholarly journals Multiple causes of nonstationarity in the Weihe annual low-flow series

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1525-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xiong ◽  
Lihua Xiong ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Chong-Yu Xu ◽  
Lingqi Li
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Distribution Parameters

Abstract. Under the background of global climate change and local anthropogenic activities, multiple driving forces have introduced various nonstationary components into low-flow series. This has led to a high demand on low-flow frequency analysis that considers nonstationary conditions for modeling. In this study, through a nonstationary frequency analysis framework with the generalized linear model (GLM) to consider time-varying distribution parameters, the multiple explanatory variables were incorporated to explain the variation in low-flow distribution parameters. These variables are comprised of the three indices of human activities (HAs; i.e., population, POP; irrigation area, IAR; and gross domestic product, GDP) and the eight measuring indices of the climate and catchment conditions (i.e., total precipitation P, mean frequency of precipitation events λ, temperature T, potential evapotranspiration (EP), climate aridity index AIEP, base-flow index (BFI), recession constant K and the recession-related aridity index AIK). This framework was applied to model the annual minimum flow series of both Huaxian and Xianyang gauging stations in the Weihe River, China (also known as the Wei He River). The results from stepwise regression for the optimal explanatory variables show that the variables related to irrigation, recession, temperature and precipitation play an important role in modeling. Specifically, analysis of annual minimum 30-day flow in Huaxian shows that the nonstationary distribution model with any one of all explanatory variables is better than the one without explanatory variables, the nonstationary gamma distribution model with four optimal variables is the best model and AIK is of the highest relative importance among these four variables, followed by IAR, BFI and AIEP. We conclude that the incorporation of multiple indices related to low-flow generation permits tracing various driving forces. The established link in nonstationary analysis will be beneficial to analyze future occurrences of low-flow extremes in similar areas.

scholarly journals A multi-functional and multi-compartment constructed wetland to support urban waterway restoration

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Adyel ◽  
M. R. Hipsey ◽  
C. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Storm Flow ◽  
Diverse Area

Abstract This study assessed the significance of a multi-functional and multi-compartment constructed wetland (CW) implemented to restore a degraded urban waterway in Western Australia. The wetland was initially constructed as a surface flow system, then modified through the incorporation of the additional laterite-based subsurface flow system, with the potential for operation of a recirculation scheme and groundwater top-up during low water flows in summer. The CW performance was assessed by comparing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) attenuation during base flow, high flow and episodic storm flow conditions. The performance varied from approximately 41% total nitrogen (TN) and 66% total phosphorus (TP) loads reduction during storm events, increasing up to 62% TN and 99% TP during low flow and summer recirculation periods. In overall, the CW attenuated about 45% TN and 65% TP loads from being delivered to the downstream sensitive river between 2009 and 2015. The CW design proved to be not only highly effective at reducing nutrient loads, but also improved the ecological services of the urban waterway by providing a diverse area for habitat and recreational activities.

scholarly journals Quantification of Temporal Variations in Base Flow Index Using Sporadic River Data: Application to the Bua Catchment, Malawi

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kelly ◽  
Robert M. Kalin ◽  
Douglas Bertram ◽  
Modesta Kanjaye ◽  
Macpherson Nkhata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Base Flow Index ◽  
Long Term Trends

This study investigated how sporadic river datasets could be used to quantify temporal variations in the base flow index (BFI). The BFI represents the baseflow component of river flow which is often used as a proxy indicator for groundwater discharge to a river. The Bua catchment in Malawi was used as a case study, whereby the smoothed minima method was applied to river flow data from six gauges (ranging from 1953 to 2009) and the Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical test was used to identify trends in BFI. The results showed that baseflow plays an important role within the catchment. Average annual BFIs > 0.74 were found for gauges in the lower reaches of the catchment, in contrast to lower BFIs < 0.54 which were found for gauges in the higher reaches. Minimal difference between annual and wet season BFI was observed, however dry season BFI was >0.94 across all gauges indicating the importance of baseflow in maintaining any dry season flows. Long term trends were identified in the annual and wet season BFI, but no evidence of a trend was found in the dry season BFI. Sustainable management of the investigated catchment should, therefore, account for the temporal variations in baseflow, with special regard to water resources allocation within the region and consideration in future scheme appraisals aimed at developing water resources. Further, this demonstration of how to work with sporadic river data to investigate baseflow serves as an important example for other catchments faced with similar challenges.

scholarly journals Suitable oasis scales under a government plan in the Kaidu-Konqi River Basin of northwest arid region, China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aihong Fu ◽  
Weihong Li ◽  
Yaning Chen ◽  
Yuting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Tarim River ◽  
Bosten Lake ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
Yanqi Basin ◽  
Optimal Area ◽  
Socioeconomic Data

The Kaidu-Konqi River Basin was chosen as the study site in this paper in order to investigate suitable scales of natural and artificial oases with a specified water resource and water quantity planned by the local government. Combined with remote-sensing images in 2013, water resources in 2013, 2020 and 2030, and weather and socioeconomic data, suitable scales of oases were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The total available water quantities in the Yanqi Basin and the Konqi River Basin without river base flow, and the input of water into Bosten Lake and Tarim River, over high-, normal and low-flow periods, in 2020 and 2030, were 19.04×108m3, 10.52×108m3, 4.95×108m3, 9.95×108m3 and 9.95×108m3, as well as 21.77×108m3, 13.95×108m3, 10.11×108m3, 12.50×108m3, and 9.74×108m3. (2) The water demand of the natural oasis in the Yanqi Basin and the Konqi River Basin was 5.33×108m3, and 5.91×108m3, respectively. (3) The total water consumption of the artificial oasis in 2013, 2020, and 2030 were 18.16×108m3, 17.63×108m3 and 17.63×108m3 in the Yanqi Basin, respectively, and 17.11×108m3, 16.54×108m3 and 16.54×108m3 in the Konqi River Basin, respectively. (4) Under government planning, the optimal area in 2020 and 2030 should be 3198.98 km2 in the Yanqi Basin oases, and 3858.87 km2 and 3081.17 km2 in the Konqi River Basin oases, respectively, under the different inflow variations, and 3129.07 km2 in the Yanqi Basin oases, and 3834.58 km2 and 3061.78 km2 in the konqi River Basin oases, respectively, under the appropriate proportion. (5) The natural and artificial oases in these basins should be greatly decreased in the future due to limited water resources.

scholarly journals Suitable oasis scales under a government plan in the Kaidu-Konqi River Basin of northwest arid region, China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aihong Fu ◽  
Weihong Li ◽  
Yaning Chen ◽  
Yuting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Tarim River ◽  
Bosten Lake ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
Yanqi Basin ◽  
Optimal Area ◽  
Socioeconomic Data

The Kaidu-Konqi River Basin was chosen as the study site in this paper in order to investigate suitable scales of natural and artificial oases with a specified water resource and water quantity planned by the local government. Combined with remote-sensing images in 2013, water resources in 2013, 2020 and 2030, and weather and socioeconomic data, suitable scales of oases were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The total available water quantities in the Yanqi Basin and the Konqi River Basin without river base flow, and the input of water into Bosten Lake and Tarim River, over high-, normal and low-flow periods, in 2020 and 2030, were 19.04×108m3, 10.52×108m3, 4.95×108m3, 9.95×108m3 and 9.95×108m3, as well as 21.77×108m3, 13.95×108m3, 10.11×108m3, 12.50×108m3, and 9.74×108m3. (2) The water demand of the natural oasis in the Yanqi Basin and the Konqi River Basin was 5.33×108m3, and 5.91×108m3, respectively. (3) The total water consumption of the artificial oasis in 2013, 2020, and 2030 were 18.16×108m3, 17.63×108m3 and 17.63×108m3 in the Yanqi Basin, respectively, and 17.11×108m3, 16.54×108m3 and 16.54×108m3 in the Konqi River Basin, respectively. (4) Under government planning, the optimal area in 2020 and 2030 should be 3198.98 km2 in the Yanqi Basin oases, and 3858.87 km2 and 3081.17 km2 in the Konqi River Basin oases, respectively, under the different inflow variations, and 3129.07 km2 in the Yanqi Basin oases, and 3834.58 km2 and 3061.78 km2 in the konqi River Basin oases, respectively, under the appropriate proportion. (5) The natural and artificial oases in these basins should be greatly decreased in the future due to limited water resources.

scholarly journals Suitable oasis scales under a government plan in the Kaidu-Konqi River Basin of northwest arid region, China

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4943
Author(s):  
Aihong Fu ◽  
Weihong Li ◽  
Yaning Chen ◽  
Yuting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Tarim River ◽  
Bosten Lake ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
Yanqi Basin ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Optimal Area

The Yanqi Basin and the Konqi River Basin of the Kaidu-Konqi River Basin were chosen as the study sites in this paper in order to investigate suitable scales of natural and artificial oases with a specified water resource and water quantity planned by the local government. Combined with remote-sensing images from 2013, water resources in 2013, 2025 and 2035, and weather and socioeconomic data, suitable scales of oases were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The total available water quantities in the Yanqi Basin and the Konqi River Basin without river base flow, and the input of water into Bosten Lake and Tarim River, over high-, normal and low-flow periods, in 2025 and 2035, were 19.04 × 108 m3, 10.52 × 108 m3, 4.95 × 108 m3, 9.95 × 108 m3 and 9.95 × 108 m3, as well as 21.77 × 108 m3, 13.95 × 108 m3, 10.11 × 108 m3, 12.50 × 108 m3, and 9.74 × 108 m3. (2) The water demand of the natural oasis in the Yanqi Basin and the Konqi River Basin was 2.59 × 108 m3, and 4.59 × 108 m3, respectively. (3) The total water consumption of the artificial oasis in 2013, 2025, and 2035 were 10.51 × 108 m3, 10.99 × 108 m3 and 10.74 × 108 m3 in the Yanqi Basin, respectively, and 18.59 × 108 m3, 14.07 × 108 m3 and 13.30 × 108m3 in the Kongqi River Basin, respectively. (4) Under government planning, the optimal area in 2025 and 2035 should be 5,100.06 km2 and 5,096.15 km2 in the Yanqi Basin oases, and 6,008.53 km2 and 4,691.36 km2 in the Konqi River Basin oases, respectively, under the different inflow variations, and 4,972.71 km2 and 4,969.22 km2 in the Yanqi Basin oases, and 5,975.17 km2 and 4,665.67 km2 in the Kongqi River Basin oases, respectively, under the appropriate proportion. (5) The artificial oases in these basins should be greatly decreased in the future due to limited water resources.

scholarly journals Analysis of groundwater regime on the basis of stream flow hydrograph

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Djukic ◽  
Vladislava Mihailovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Local Minimum ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Retention Basin ◽  
Groundwater Regime ◽  
Flow Changes

During the drought the flow in streams is reduced and is dominated by base flow. Baseflows are characteristic of low flow periods and provide information on available water resources in the basin during the drought, particularly on the aquifer and retention basin characteristics. This paper deals with the possibility of analysis and simulation of baseflow, and the determination of the pattern of its changes based on the total registered streamflow hydrograph at the catchment outlet. The basis for modeling the base flow changes in the time were base flow values obtained from the streamflow hydrograph by application of the graphical local minimum method. Applying the simulation model developed in this study, simulations of base flow hydrographs were performed for three characteristic years (1970, 1985, and 1990). It was shown that discrepancies between values of the base flows obtained through application of the local minimum method and the model are within the limits of tolerance.

scholarly journals Continuous Modeling of the Mkurumudzi River Catchment in Kenya Using the HEC-HMS Conceptual Model: Calibration, Validation, Model Performance Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis

Hydrology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendso Ouédraogo ◽  
James Raude ◽  
John Gathenya
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Continuous Modeling

The Mkurumudzi River originates in the Shimba hills and runs through Kwale County on the Kenyan Coast. Study on this river has been informed by the many economic activities that the river supports, which include sugarcane plantations, mining, tourism and subsistence farming. The main objective of this study was to use the soil moisture accounting (SMA) model specified in the Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) settings for the continuous modeling of stream flow in the Mkurumudzi catchment. Data from past years were compared with observed stream flow data in order to evaluate whether the model can be used for further prediction. The calibration was performed using data from 1988 to 1991 and validation for the period from 1992 to 1995 at a daily time step. The model performance was evaluated based on computed statistical parameters and visual checking of plotted hydrographs. For the calibration period of the continuous modeling, the performance of the model was very good, with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.80, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency NSE = 0.80, index of agreement d = 0.94, and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)/observations’ standard deviation ratio—RSR = 0.46. Similarly, the continuous model performance for the validation period was good, with R2 = 0.67, NSE = 0.65, RSR = 0.62 and d = 0.88. Based on these performance results, the SMA model in the HEC-HMS was found to give a satisfactory prediction of stream flow in the Mkurumudzi Catchment. The sensitivity analysis of the model parameters was performed, and the different parameters were ranked according to their sensitivity in terms of percent change in simulated runoff volume, peaks, Nash-Efficiency, seven-day low flow and base flow index. Sensitivity analysis helped to understand the relationships between the key model parameters and the variables.

scholarly journals Hydrological modelling of the karst Ljubljanica River catchment using lumped conceptual model

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cenk Sezen ◽  
Nejc Bezak ◽  
Mojca Šraj
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Simulation Performance

Modelling rainfall runoff is important for several human activities. For example, rainfall runoff models are needed for water resource planning and water system design. In this regard, the daily runoff was modelled using the Genie Rural, a 4-parameter Journalier (GR4J), Genie Rural, a 6-parameter Journalier (GR6J), and the CemaNeige GR6J lumped conceptual models that were developed by the IRSTEA Hydrology Group. The main difference among the tested models is in the complexity and processes that are considered in the various model versions. As a case study, the non-homogeneous mostly karst Ljubljanica River catchment down to the Moste discharge gauging station was selected. Models were evaluated using various efficiency criteria. For example, base flow index (BFI) was calculated for the results of all tested models and observed discharges in order to compare low flow simulation performance. Based on the presented results we can conclude that in case of the non-homogeneous and karst Ljubljanica catchment the CemaNeige GR6J yields better modelling results compared to the GR4J and GR6J models. Compared to the GR6J and GR4J model versions, the CemaNeige CR6J also includes the snow module and improved methodology for the low-flow simulations that are also included in the GR6J model version.

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