scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical features of underground systems in six Asteraceae species from the Brazilian Cerrado

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 981-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória ◽  
Graziela Cury
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Bud Bank ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Vegetation Regeneration

In the Brazilian Cerrado (neotropical savanna), the development of bud-bearing underground systems as adaptive structures to fire and dry periods can comprise an important source of buds for this ecosystem, as already demonstrated in the Brazilian Campos grasslands and North American prairies. Asteraceae species from both woody and herbaceous strata have subterranean organs that accumulate carbohydrates, reinforcing the adaptive strategy of these plants to different environmental conditions. This study aims to analyse the morpho-anatomy of underground systems of six species of Asteraceae (Mikania cordifolia L.f. Willd., Mikania sessilifolia DC, Trixis nobilis (Vell.) Katinas, Pterocaulon alopecuroides (Lam.) DC., Vernonia elegans Gardner and Vernonia megapotamica Spreng.), to describe these structures and to verify the occurrence and origin of shoot buds, and to analyse the presence of reserve substances. Individuals sampled in Cerrado areas in São Paulo State showed thick underground bud-bearing organs, with adventitious or lateral roots and presence of fructans. Xylopodium was found in all studied species, except for Trixis nobilis, which had stem tuber. The presence of fructans as reserve, and the capacity of structures in the formation of buds indicate the potential of herbaceous species of Asteraceae in forming a viable bud bank for vegetation regeneration in the Brazilian Cerrado.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the underground system in Vernonia grandiflora Less. and V. brevifolia Less. (Asteraceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Hissae Hayashi ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Cortical Parenchyma ◽  
Underground System

This work dealt with the anatomy of the underground system in Vernonia grandiflora Less. and V. brevifolia Less. (Vernonieae; Asteraceae), two perennial geophytes, to elucidate their ability to sprout in the Brazilian Cerrado conditions. V. grandiflora, a subshrubby species, possessed a thickened underground system constituted by a xylopodium and many tuberous roots. The xylopodium had stem and root structure and its buds were axillary or originated from the cortical parenchyma proliferation. The tuberous roots produced by this organ were adventitious and accumulated inulin-type fructans mainly in the cortical parenchyma. The thickened underground system of V. brevifolia, an herbaceous species, was a tuberous primary root whose buds originated from the proliferated pericycle. The occurrence of these bud-forming underground systems, which stored reserve compounds, enabled these plants to survive throughout unfavourable environmental conditions in the Cerrado, such as dry season and frequent fires in the winter.

scholarly journals Xylophilous Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) of the Brazilian Cerrado

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Cortellini Abrahão ◽  
Adriana De Mello Gugliotta ◽  
Vera Lúcia Ramos Bononi
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
First Time

An updated checklist of xylophilous Agaricomycetes from the Brazilian Cerrado showed 127 species, 22 families and nine orders (Agaricales, Atheliales, Auriculariales, Corticiales, Gloeophyllales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, Russulales, and Thelephorales). The new list includes new specimens collected between 2009 and 2011 in Reserva Biológica de Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo State, Brazil, and a revision of material previously known from Cerrado. Twelve species are mentioned for the first time for Brazil and 51 are recorded as new for the Cerrado.

On the distribution of the Arctic endemic alga Laminaria solidungula (Laminariales) in the White Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333
Author(s):  
T. A. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The morphological and anatomical features of the specimens of the brown alga Laminaria solidungula collected in the White Sea are provided. Environmental conditions for the growth and reproduction of this species in the White Sea are analyzed. The probable timing of penetration of this species into the White Sea and possible scenarios of changes in its distribution in response to global warming are discussed.

scholarly journals Phosphorus and nitrogen interaction: loss of QC identity in response to P or N limitation is antecipated in pdr23 mutant

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele T. Costa ◽  
Mércio L. Strieder ◽  
Stephen Abel ◽  
Carla A. Delatorre
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Quiescent Center ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutant

Changes in root architecture are an important adaptive strategy used by plants in response to limited nutrient availability to increase the odds of acquiring them. The quiescent center (QC) plays an important role by altering the meristem activity causing differentiation and therefore, inducing a determinate growth program. The arabidopsis mutant pdr23 presents primary short root in the presence of nitrate and is inefficient in the use of nucleic acids as a source of phosphorus. In this study the effect of the pdr23 mutation on the QC maintenance under low phosphorus (P) and/or nitrogen is evaluated. QC identity is maintained in wild-type in the absence of nitrate and/or phosphate if nucleic acids can be used as an alternative source of these nutrients, but not in pdr23. The mutant is not able to use nucleic acids efficiently for substitute Pi, determinate growth is observed, similar to wild-type in the total absence of P. In the absence of N pdr23 loses the expression of QC identity marker earlier than wild-type, indicating that not only the response to P is altered, but also to N. The data suggest that the mutation affects a gene involved either in the crosstalk between these nutrients or in a pathway shared by both nutrients limitation response. Moreover loss of QC identity is also observed in wild-type in the absence of N at longer limitation. Less drastic symptoms are observed in lateral roots of both genotypes.

scholarly journals Rootstock on production and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssika Angelotti-Mendonça ◽  
Mara Fernandes Moura ◽  
João Alexio Scarpare Filho ◽  
Bruna Thaís Ferracioli Vedoato ◽  
Marco Antonio Tecchio
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Niagara Rosada

Abtract In Brazil, the producers have changed used rootstocks to get more vigor to scion. Rootstocks change the distribution of bud fruitfulness over grapevine shoots and the expression of the bud fruitfulness into fruit yield. Hence, these modification could alter ideal pruning length. In this way, it was evaluated bud fruitfulness, fruit yield and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine grafted onto rootstocks: ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 571-6’, and ‘Riparia do Traviu’, which ‘IAC 766’ is the most used rootstock in São Paulo State, nowadays. The evaluations were performed over three crop seasons, in a vineyard located in Louveira, SP. Two evaluations were performed in Brazilian traditional season, and one crop pruning was performed in Brazilian summer, called “off-season”. In traditional seasons, the bud fruitfulness was evaluated from the first to fourth bud in 2014 and to the fifth in 2015. In the off-season, bud fruitfulness was evaluated from the fifth to eighth bud. Fruit yield and quality were also evaluated over the three production cycles. Bud fruitfulness of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grafted onto the evaluated rootstocks showed that this characteristic was more affected by the environmental conditions, confirmed due to alteration of bud fruitfulness through production cycles. Additionally, no effect of rootstock was observed on fruit yield, and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’. Only isolated variations were detected, and these are not enough to confirm the influence of rootstocks on scion of ‘Niagara Rosada’. Although no effect of rootstocks on bud fruitfulness, fruit yield and quality has been observed in the evaluated conditions, all rootstocks are recommended to be used in combination with ‘Niagara Rosada’.

Morphological and anatomical features of the underground organs of angiosperm perennials growing under extreme environmental conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Tarshis ◽  
G. I. Tarshis ◽  
L. M. Morozova ◽  
S. N. Ektova ◽  
M. Sobotik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Anatomical Features

Wood Anatomy of Capparis Spinosa from an Ecological Perspective

IAWA Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Psaras ◽  
I. Sofroniou
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Xylem Conduits

Root and stern wood of the Mediterranean summergreen Capparis spinosa L. was studied. Wood anatomical features favour high hydraulic conductivity, which is necessary for maintaining the high midday stomatal conductance and rates of photosynthesis observed in this plant. Xylem conduits of both stern and root consist of wide and short vessel elements with simple perforation plates. Vessel grouping in the stern secures xylem safety against cavitations. The plant would be highly vulnerable to cavitations due to freezing conditions, although these are rare during the Mediterranean winter. Thus, the anatomical features of the plant, which does not seem to suffer from water stress though growing entirely during the Mediterranean summer drought, are compatible with its adaptive strategy. The significant amount of minerals found in the root vessels, and the abundant starch grains of the wood might be involved in a possible osmotic shifting of water in the xylem.

scholarly journals Thallus anatomy of Canoparmelia texana (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Bissacot Barbosa ◽  
Silvia Rodrigues Machado ◽  
Marcelo Pinto Marcelli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Cortical Organization ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Type ◽  
Thallus Anatomy ◽  
Orientation Pattern ◽  
Adaptive Role

Conventional techniques for structural studies under light microscope and scanning electron microscope were employed to describe the histology of thallus in Canoparmelia texana, a lichen with wide distribution in open environments and fairly common in the cerrados and urban areas of Brazil. This study describes a new type of cortical organization for the family Parmeliaceae, in C. texana the upper cortex is lacunar, showing a large quantity of small intercellular spaces or lacunae. The anatomical features including medulla thickness, hyphal orientation pattern, rhizines thickness and crystals inclusions have an important adaptive role for the success of C. texana in Brazilian cerrado, a savanna-like ecosystem.

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