Leaf anatomy and its contribution to the systematics of Aechmea subgenus Macrochordion (de Vriese) Baker (Bromeliaceae)

The leaf anatomy of the species Aechmea subgenus Macrochordion was analyzed to obtain valuable data on their taxonomic delimitation and to identify anatomical adaptations to their respective habitats and habits. All leaves of these species are hypostomatic, and present: peltate trichomes on both surfaces; stomata sunk in epidermal depressions; small epidermal cells with thick walls and inclusions of silica bodies; a mechanical hypodermis; an aquiferous parenchyma; chlorenchyma with fibrous clusters and air channels; and vascular bundles surrounded by a parenchymatic sheath and a cap of fibers. The results are evaluated within an adaptive and taxonomic context. Variations in hypodermic thickening, amount of water parenchyma, position of the air channels and shape of the cells filling the air channels are useful for delimiting groups of species, strengthening the relationships suggested by their external morphology.

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Reassessing species boundaries in the Syagrus glaucescens complex (Arecaceae) using leaf anatomy

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2020-0165 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 379-387

Author(s):

D.H.T. Firmo ◽

S.A. Santos ◽

M.E.M.P. Perez ◽

P. Soffiatti ◽

B.F. Sant’Anna-Santos

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Vascular System ◽

Identification Key ◽

Species Boundaries ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Geographical Isolation ◽

Species Occurrence ◽

Species Diagnosis ◽

High Degree

The Syagrus glaucescens complex comprises three species: Syagrus glaucescens Glaz. ex Becc., Syagrus duartei Glassman, and Syagrus evansiana Noblick. Recently, a new population of S. evansiana that possesses a high degree of endemism was reported in the Serra do Cabral mountain. Here we intend to study the leaf anatomy of the S. glaucescens complex and confirm whether this newly found population (from now on called Syagrus aff. evansiana) belongs to S. evansiana or not. Specimens were collected to investigate their leaf anatomy, which showed distinct differences between S. aff. evansiana and S. evansiana. The midrib anatomy revealed novelties for the S. glauscecens complex, proving useful for species diagnosis. Features such as accessory vascular bundles around the vascular system of the midrib and the number of collateral bundles are diagnostic for species identification. In addition, morphological and anatomical analyses indicated a correlation with the species occurrence. We found greater similarity between S. glaucescens and S. duartei, while S. evansiana and S. aff. evansiana are more alike. Here, we propose a new identification key based only on the leaf anatomy. Despite their morphological similarities, S. aff. evansiana and S. evansiana presented differences in leaf anatomy, which — when associated with their geographical isolation — suggests a fourth taxon in the complex.

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An Anatomical Study of Scilla (Scilloideae) Section Chionodoxa and Scilla bifolia in Turkey1

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582017350100004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (0) ◽

Author(s):

H. YILDIRIM ◽

K. YETISEN ◽

A. ÖZDEMIR ◽

C. ÖZDEMIR

Keyword(s):

Numerical Analysis ◽

Numerical Methods ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Single Row ◽

Scilla Bifolia

ABSTRACT In the present study Scilla luciliae, S. forbesii, S. sardensis, S. siehei, Scilla x allenii and S. bifolia are compared anatomically. Some differences have been found in root, scape, and leaf anatomy of the taxa, and commented. S. luciliae, S. forbesii, S. sardensis and S. siehei have a metaxylem at the center of the root, others have 3-4 number metaxylem. Vascular bundles in two row in S. luciliae and S. forbesii in a single row in S. sardensis, Scilla x allenii and S. bifolia though in three rows in S. siehei. Aerenchyma tissue is present in mesophyll of five taxa leaf except S. sardensis. The anatomical variations in the taxa have been investigated by means of numerical methods (Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation). By the analysis of the investigated taxa from 12 anatomy related characters, it has been also found that the results from numerical analysis of anatomy characters can provide additional evidences, which correspond to the anatomy for the recognition of the taxa.

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Adaptability and leaf anatomical features in oil palm seedlings produced by embryo rescue and pre-germinated seeds

Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1590/s1677-04202010000300008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 209-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Zanderluce G. Luis ◽

Kadja Milena G. Bezerra ◽

Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

In Vitro Cultivation ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Anatomical Plasticity ◽

Germinated Seeds

Changes in the leaf structure of plants grown in different conditions have been reported, such as increase in size and density of stomata and reduction in stomatal control, amount of epicuticular wax, and mesophyll thickness, with a high diversity of intercellular spaces. However, these changes are highly variable depending on the physiological and morphological characteristics of each species. The objective of this work was to analyze the adaptability and anatomical plasticity of oil palm seedlings produced after embryo rescue and pre-germinated seeds. Expanded leaves were prepared for evaluation of morphometric data and anatomical structures. It was verified that the environmental conditions in vitro negatively influenced the stomata density, epidermal and hypodermal thickness, and the values for the expansion cells and leaf mesophile. Anatomically, the oil palm leaves present the same tissues composition in both growth conditions, with uniseriate epidermal cells, and tetracitic stomata occurring in both epidermal surfaces. Epidermal cells from in vitro plants are thinner than ones from greenhouse. The midrib of leaves from greenhouse plants are more developed and is composed by only one central vascular bundle, while plants from in vitro cultivation developed three to four collateral vascular bundles.

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Anatomy of two species of Plumbago : a traditional medicinal plant and its relevance for taxonomy

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v27i2pp197-208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Smita Chaudhari

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Leaf Petiole ◽

Abundance And Distribution ◽

Shape And Size

Plumbago is a traditional medicinal plant in Ayurveda. The paper presents anatomical study of leaf, petiole, stem and root of two species of Plumbago namely P. zeylanica, P. auriculata and, its relevance in discrimination of these two species. Anatomical features of leaf which are of diagnostic value in delimitation of both taxa are outline of T. S.,shape and size of epidermal cells, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding the vascular bundles, number of tannins cells. Characters of taxonomic significance in petiole anatomy are outline of T. S, presence of trichomes, shape and size of epidermal cells, abundance of collenchyma, arrangement and number of vascular bundles, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding vascular bundles, number of tannin cells. The diagnostically useful anatomical features of stem to discriminate both taxa of Plumbago are degree of elevation of stem ridges, occurrence of double layered epidermis, size of epidermal cells, distinctness of endodermis, abundance and distribution of pericyclicsclerenchyama, number of vascular bundles. Anatomical features of taxonomic significance in root are width of cortex and abundance of starch grains in cortex cells, abundance and distribution of pericyclics clerenchyama, amount of vascularization, distribution, diameter and density of vessels, width of medullary ray.

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Leaf Ultrastructure and δ13C Values of Three Seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9760009 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

ME Doohan ◽

EH Newcomb

Keyword(s):

Great Barrier Reef ◽

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Land Plants ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Barrier Reef ◽

Thalassia Hemprichii ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Δ13c Values ◽

Abundant Cytoplasm

Leaf anatomy, ultrastructure and 13C/12C ratios were studied in three species of seagrasses collected on the Great Barrier Reef: Cymodocea rotundata Ehrenb. & Hempr., C. serrulata (R. Br.) Aschers. & Magnus, and Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers. Although they belong to two different mono- cotyledonous families, the three species are quite similar in the characteristics studied. Cells of the epidermal layer of the leaves are extremely thick-walled and have abundant cytoplasm with large chloroplasts and numerous mitochondria. The chloroplast-microbody profile ratio is c. 4-5 : 1 and the mitochondrion-microbody ratio 10-15 : 1. The epidermal cells resemble transfer cells in having a pronounced development of ingrowths on the radial walls. The mesophyll cells have thin walls, a large central vacuole and a thin layer of cytoplasm with relatively few organelles. There is no specialization of mesophyll cells around the vascular bundles. The δ13C values for the three sea- grasses range from -6.90, to - 12.40, and thus are characteristic of C4 land plants, although the seagrasses do not conform to the C4 syndrome in leaf anatomy or ultrastructure. It is not possible to place the seagrasses in either the C3, C4 or crassulacean acid metabolism category of land plants, but whether they constitute yet a fourth group with respect to characteristics related to CO2 assimilation is not clear.

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EFFECT OF SETHOXYDIM HERBICIDE IN THE LEAF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF BRACHIARIA GRASS UNDER WATER STRESS

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582017350100048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (0) ◽

Author(s):

M.R.R. PEREIRA ◽

A.R. MARTINS ◽

D. MARTINS ◽

G. SASSO ◽

A.C. SILVA JR

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Bulliform Cells ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

Parenchymal Cells

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to analyze the leaf anatomy and physiological behavior of Brachiaria grass plants (Urochloa decumbens) under different water conditions and with the application of sethoxydim herbicide. The used experimental design was the completely randomized one, with four replications, consisting of a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with the combination of three water managements (-0.03, -0.07 and -1.5 MPa) with and without the application of sethoxydim herbicide + Assist mineral oil, at the recommended dose for the species (184 g a.i. ha-1). The assessed physiological and anatomicalal parameters were photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, difference between leaf and room temperature, dry mass of plants, thickness of bulliform cells, adaxial and total epidermis. Under the conditions in which the experiment was conducted, it appears that Brachiaria grass leaves showed uniseriate epidermis, homogenous mesophyll, with radiated distribution of parenchymal cells around the vascular bundles. The adaxial epidermis presented bulliform cells; the vascular bundles are collateral and are present in different sizes. Water stress had a negative influence on herbicide effectiveness and decreased all physiological parameters. The application of the herbicide caused anatomical changes in plants with no water stress (-0.03 MPa), such as limitations in the growth of epidermic and bulliform cells, and in the total leaf thickness. However, in treatments with stress (-0.07 and -1.5 MPa), there were no differences in leaf anatomy, but an increase in the total thickness of leaves, probably as a result of the water stress conditions to which plants were submitted..

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Sueria laxinervis, a new fossil species of Cycadales from the Upper Cretaceous Quiriquina Formation in Cocholgüe, Bíobío Region, Chile

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.402.2.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 402 (2) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

TOSHIHIRO YAMADA ◽

TAKAE F. YAMADA ◽

KAZUO TERADA ◽

TAKESHI A. OHSAWA ◽

ATSUSHI YABE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upper Cretaceous ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

The Other ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Fossil Species

A new fossil cycad species, Sueria laxinervis, is described from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Quiriquina Formation in Cocholgüe, Bíobío Region, Chile. The generic assignment is supported by the taeniopterid-type leaf with haplocheilic stomata and sinuate anticlinal walls of leaf epidermal cells, while S. laxinervis clearly differs from the other two described Sueria species in its sparse veins and large epidermal cells. The vascular bundles of the midrib are arranged in an inverted-omega shape, supporting the placement of Sueria in Cycadales.

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Effect of vehicular pollution on Duranta repens L. in Jammu City

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v3i2.181 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 211-218

Author(s):

Anil K. Raina ◽

Chand Bala

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

University Campus ◽

Vehicular Pollution ◽

The Road ◽

Pollution Tolerance ◽

Potted Plants

Experimental potted plants of Duranta repens has been exposed to air pollution at major traffic crossings-Amphalla chowk, Dogra chowk, Bikram chowk, Satwari chowk of Jammu city and also inside University Campus in the department which has been taken as a reference site. Sets of 10 plants were kept at each site and analyzed for various micro morphological, anatomical and biochemical parameters to assess the changes due to air pollution. Analysis of data revealed that micro-morphological parameters viz. stomatal frequency, epidermal cell frequency increased significantly while others like size of the stomata, epidermal cells and length, breadth ratio of the epidermal cells decreased significantly in plants kept at polluted location. All the anatomical parameters such as thickness of midrib region, midrib adjoining region, spongy tissue, upper epidermis and vascular bundles decreased significantly in exposed plants. Among biochemical parameters chlorophyll b decreases significantly while ascorbic acid increases significantly. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) has also been calculated and found to increase significantly in plants kept at polluted location which indicate that the Duranta repens serve as sink to air pollutants and can be effectively employed for phyto-monitoring auto exhaust pollution along the road side of the busy traffic ways.

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Histo-anatomical leaf variations related to depth in Posidonia oceanica

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp14111 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 418 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silvia Nicastro ◽

Anna M. Innocenti ◽

Nicodemo G. Passalacqua

Keyword(s):

Anatomical Variation ◽

Light Availability ◽

Posidonia Oceanica ◽

Absorption Efficiency ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Seagrass Meadows ◽

Functional Efficiency

The purpose of our study is to explore the acclimation of Neptune seagrass (Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile) to depth by characterising the histo-anatomical leaf modifications. P. oceanica is the dominant seagrass and main habitat constructor of seagrass meadows in the Mediterranean Sea. Meadows play an important biological and ecological role in marine ecosystems, serving as a habitat for a large diversity of species and an efficient erosion protection system for our coasts. Seagrasses are very sensitive to change in light availability and small changes can have significant effects on growth, abundance and distribution. In this study, we analyse changes in P. oceanica leaves collected at –5 m, –15 m and –25 m depth in the Cirella meadow (Tyrrhenian coast, Southern Italy) in order to determine their depth-related histo-anatomical variation. Two main changes were observed at depth: (1) photosynthetic epidermal cells showed smaller chloroplasts but in the same number; and (2) leaves showed smaller epidermal cells and in greater number. Hence, the photosynthetic surface of P. oceanica leaves remains the same at different depths but pigment absorption efficiency can be significantly enhanced with depth. This response supports the differential photoacclimatory response of seagrasses with respect to terrestrial plants previously documented. Mesophyll cells are smaller with depth and more numerous, with a consequent increase in leaf density. The number of vascular bundles also increases, which allows improved functional efficiency of the transport system and solute exchange. Our study is a new contribution to the morpho-functional implications of the histo-anatomy of P. oceanica.

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Studies on Graminicolous Species of Phyllachora Fckl. II.. Invasion of the host and development of the fungus

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9630131 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 131 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

DG Parbery

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Close Contact ◽

Detailed Examination ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Full Life Cycle ◽

Full Life ◽

Made In ◽

Mechanical Tissue

Infection of grasses by species of Phyllachora Fckl. has been observed, and a detailed examination of the life cycle of two species of this genus has been made on hosts artificially inoculated while growing under glass-house conditions. Gemiiiatiiig ascospores of P. ischaemi and P. parilis prodced appressoria on the leaves of their respective hosts, Ischaemum australe and Paspalurn orbiculare. From each appressorium an infection peg penetrated into the lumen of an epidermal cell and expanded into a normal hypha. Some branches of this hypha invaded adjacent epidermal cells, thus laying the foundations of the clypeus, while other branches invaded the underlying mesophyll cells. At first all hyphae were intracellular and passed from cell to cell by means of fine infection hyphae produced by appressorium-like swellings of the hyphae appressed to the cell wall. Intercellular mycelium was found at a later stage when hyphae were forming perithecium initials. The observation that the clypeus developed independently of the perithecium dispels some existing confusion about its origin. The clypeus developed in the epidermal cells of the host and not as an outgrowth of the ostiolar region of the perithecium. The perithecium initial developed deep in the mesophyll, and in the case of Phyllachora parilis was preceded by the formation of a subclypeal pycnidium containing filiform spores. In each case, the perithecium expanded until its ostiolar region came into close contact with the clypeus. The ostiole then developed right through the ciypeus, and its development is believed to be lysigenous. The mouth of the ostiole remained closed by a membrane which appeared to be the undissolved cuticle. It was noted that asci of all species examined possessed an ascus crown, a structure not previously observed in species of this genus. It has been found that the anatomy of the host can determine the form of some structures of Phyllachora spp. Clypeus thickness is governed by the size of the epidermal cells, while its radial expansion is checked by the mechanical tissue associated with vascular bundles. Similarly, perithecium size and shape are influenced by the amount of mechanical tissue in a leaf. The time for P. ischaemi to complete its life cycle was influenced by seasonal conditions. Colonies arising from infections in April 1961 discharged ascospores in 32 days, whereas infections made 1 month later did not produce sporulating colonies until 54-58 days later. The full life cycle of P. parilis took 62-77 days when inoculations were made in May 196 1.

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