scholarly journals Regional movements of the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, off northeastern Brazil: inferences regarding shark attack hazard

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1053-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIO H.V. HAZIN ◽  
ANDRE S. AFONSO ◽  
PEDRO C. DE CASTILHO ◽  
LUCIANA C. FERREIRA ◽  
BRUNO C.L.M. ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Tiger Shark ◽  
The South ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
New Information ◽  
Archival Tags ◽  
Littoral Area

An abnormally high shark attack rate verified off Recife could be related to migratory behavior of tiger sharks. This situation started after the construction of the Suape port to the south of Recife. A previous study suggested that attacking sharks could be following northward currents and that they were being attracted shoreward by approaching vessels. In this scenario, such northward movement pattern could imply a higher probability of sharks accessing the littoral area of Recife after leaving Suape. Pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on five tiger sharks caught off Recife to assess their movement patterns off northeastern Brazil. All tags transmitted from northward latitudes after 7-74 days of freedom. The shorter, soak distance between deployment and pop-up locations ranged between 33-209 km and implied minimum average speeds of 0.02-0.98 km.h−1. Both pop-up locations and depth data suggest that tiger shark movements were conducted mostly over the continental shelf. The smaller sharks moved to deeper waters within 24 hours after releasing, but they assumed a shallower (< 50 m) vertical distribution for most of the monitoring period. While presenting the first data on tiger shark movements in the South Atlantic, this study also adds new information for the reasoning of the high shark attack rate verified in this region.

scholarly journals NEW RECORDS AND PRELIMINARY REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF ELASMOBRANCHS OF THE TRINDADE-MARTIN VAZ INSULAR COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Thierry Salmon ◽  
Bianca de Sousa Rangel ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Malavasi-Bruno ◽  
José Roberto Kfoury-Jr
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Tiger Shark ◽  
Blue Shark ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Shortfin Mako ◽  
New Information ◽  
Thresher Shark ◽  
Pelagic Fishing ◽  
First Time

Here we presented records of elasmobranchs obtained during a longline pelagic fishing monitoring around the Trindade-Martin Vaz insular complex, including one new record. New information on the reproductive aspects of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) and pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) suggest the use of this area as mating and parturition ground for these species. The most abundant species was the P. glauca (N = 65), followed by shortfin mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus (N = 12). We also recorded for the first time the smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena (N = 3) and the bigeye thresher shark Alopias superciliosus (N = 2), and other shark species previous reported for the insular complex, including the oceanic whitetip Carcharhinus longimanus (N = 2), and the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier (N = 1). Our findings highlight the importance of further studies at the Trindade-Martin Vaz insular complex considering the pelagic biodiversity and reproductive aspects of elasmobranchs.

scholarly journals Habitat use and movement patterns of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in eastern Australian waters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S Lipscombe ◽  
Julia L Y Spaet ◽  
Anna Scott ◽  
Chi Hin Lam ◽  
Craig P Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Tiger Shark ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Austral Spring ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Marine Predators ◽  
Archival Tags ◽  
Eastern Australia

Abstract Understanding the movement of marine predators is vital for effective conservation and management. Despite being targeted by shark control programs, the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, is poorly studied off eastern Australia. To investigate the horizontal movement and habitat use in this region, 16 sharks (157–384 cm total length) were tagged with MiniPAT pop-up satellite archival tags in 2018 and 2019. Eleven of these individuals were also fitted with satellite-linked radio transmitting tags. After release, most sharks moved off the continental shelf and headed north, associating with seamounts as they moved towards Queensland. During their time at liberty they transited through temperate, sub-tropical and tropical waters and spent the majority of time in the upper 50 m of the water column and at temperatures between 22 and 25˚C. Horizontal movement was focused in waters off the continental shelf. Increased movement over shelf waters occurred during the austral spring and summer when the East Australian Current is at its strongest and warm waters encroach the continental shelf. Broad latitudinal movement along the east coast of Australia was evident and highlights the connectivity between tropical and warm-temperate regions.

scholarly journals Modeling the interplay between demography, social contact patterns, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the South West Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Trentini ◽  
Giorgio Guzzetta ◽  
Margherita Galli ◽  
Agnese Zardini ◽  
Fabio Manenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Mixing Patterns ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background COVID-19 spread may have a dramatic impact in countries with vulnerable economies and limited availability of, and access to, healthcare resources and infrastructures. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, a low prevalence and mortality have been observed so far. Methods We collected data on individuals’ social contacts in the South West Shewa Zone (SWSZ) of Ethiopia across geographical contexts characterized by heterogeneous population density, work and travel opportunities, and access to primary care. We assessed how socio-demographic factors and observed mixing patterns can influence the COVID-19 disease burden, by simulating SARS-CoV-2 transmission in remote settlements, rural villages, and urban neighborhoods, under school closure mandate. Results From national surveillance data, we estimated a net reproduction number of 1.62 (95% CI 1.55–1.70). We found that, at the end of an epidemic mitigated by school closure alone, 10–15% of the population residing in the SWSZ would have been symptomatic and 0.3–0.4% of the population would require mechanical ventilation and/or possibly result in a fatal outcome. Higher infection attack rates are expected in more urbanized areas, but the highest incidence of critical disease is expected in remote subsistence farming settlements. School closure contributed to reduce the reproduction number by 49% and the attack rate of infections by 28–34%. Conclusions Our results suggest that the relatively low burden of COVID-19 in Ethiopia observed so far may depend on social mixing patterns, underlying demography, and the enacted school closures. Our findings highlight that socio-demographic factors can also determine marked heterogeneities across different geographical contexts within the same region, and they contribute to understand why sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a relatively lower attack rate of severe cases compared to high-income countries.

Lipophilic arsenic compound(s) in the liver of a tiger shark(Galeocerdo cuvier)

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Miyajima ◽  
Noriaki Hamada ◽  
Etsuro Yoshimura ◽  
Akira Okubo ◽  
Sunao Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tiger Shark ◽  
Arsenic Compound ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier

scholarly journals Decolonizing regional planning from the Global South: Active geographies and social struggles in Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 026377582110246
Author(s):  
Federico Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Global South ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Literature ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
Colonial Histories ◽  
Resisting Oppression

This paper addresses the engagement of critical geographers from Northeastern Brazil with regional planning, aiming at transforming society by acting on their region’s spaces. Extending and putting in relation literature on planning theory in the Global South and geographical scholarship on decoloniality, I explore new archives showing how the planning work that these geographers performed from 1957 to 1964 was an example of the ‘South’ re-elaborating and putting into practice notions arising from ‘international’ literature, such as that of ‘active geography’, and pioneering critical uses of instruments, such as mappings and statistics, that have often been associated with technocracy and political conservatism. Connected with peasants’ struggles and with a theoretical framework that is cognisant of the colonial histories and insurgent Black and indigenous traditions in the Northeast, these geographers’ works show that there is no ‘Southern Theory’ without a concrete engagement of scholars with social and political problems, one which is not limited to ‘participation’, but aims at challenging the political powers in place. Although not devoid of contradictions that are analysed here, the experiences of these Southern geographers acting in and for the South can provide precious insights into current (Northern or Southern) scholarly programmes aimed at resisting oppression.

The Base and Top of the Coral-rock in Barbados

1937 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 337-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Trechmann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
East Part ◽  
Varying Thickness ◽  
South West ◽  
New Information ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
Coral Rock

1. The coral-rock commences nearly everywhere with a basal bed of varying thickness containing a fauna of pre-Pleistocene aspect among which the genus Haliotis (absent from these coasts at the present day), Pleurotomaria, Meiocardia, etc., are noticeable. This faunule may have lived at a depth of 700–1,000 feet.2. The supposition that the southerly anticlines are a later uplift than the main portion of Barbados is supported by the absence of ravines, and the presence of post-coral-rock beds which occur as coastal veneers at low altitudes, and in greater thickness in the south-east corner near Whitehaven.3. The south-east part of the island from Consett Point to Ragged Point has probably extended further seawards in comparatively recent times ; the series of converging faults and dislocations in the cliff sections suggest that the thrusts from the west or south-west may have been resisted by this part of the island.4. The relative claims of fault-scarping or marine erosion in production of the rising terraces is discussed ; and new information regarding the thickness of the coral-rock at sea-level from a boring is detailed.5. The finding of a faunule with Pliocene or possibly Miocene affinities at the base of the coral-rock puts the Oceanic series further back, into the Miocene.

Retrospective Genomics Suggests the Disappearance of a Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo Cuvier) Population Off South-Eastern Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Manuzzi ◽  
Belen Jiménez-Mena ◽  
Romina Henriques ◽  
Bonnie J. Holmes ◽  
Julian Pepperell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Tiger Shark ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Over the last century, many populations of sharks have been reduced in numbers by overexploitation or attempts to mitigate human-shark interactions. Still, there is a general perception that populations of large ocean predators cover wide areas and therefore their diversity is less susceptible to local anthropogenic disturbance. Here we report retrospective genomic analyses of DNA using archived and contemporary samples of tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) from eastern Australia. Using SNP loci, we documented a significant overall change in genetic composition of tiger sharks born over the last century. The change was most likely due to a shift over time in the relative contribution of two well differentiated, but hitherto cryptic populations. Our data strongly indicate a dramatic shift in relative contribution of the two populations to the overall tiger shark abundance of the east coast of Australia, possibly associated with differences in direct or indirect exploitation rates.

scholarly journals Ocean warming alters the distributional range, migratory timing, and spatial protections of an apex predator, the tiger shark ( Galeocerdo cuvier )

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Hammerschlag ◽  
Laura H. McDonnell ◽  
Mitchell J. Rider ◽  
Garrett M. Street ◽  
Elliott L. Hazen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Tiger Shark ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
Migratory Timing

scholarly journals Anurans of the Parque Estadual do Mirador, a remnant of Cerrado in the state of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etielle Barroso de Andrade ◽  
Luiz Norberto Weber ◽  
José Roberto de Souza Almeida Leite
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
The South ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
South Central

Abstract The Cerrado is one of the most threatened biomes in Brazil. It is estimated that much of its original vegetation has been replaced by some type of human use. This is quite worrying, mainly in the northern part where the number of wildlife inventories is insufficient and creates the false impression of low diversity in the region. The Parque Estadual do Mirador-PEM, located in the south-central region of the state of Maranhão, presents vegetation typical of the Cerrado biome and corresponds to one of 46 priority areas for conservation in the state. Herein, we describe the species richness and composition of the anurofauna from the PEM and analyze the influence of different types of vegetation in its formation. Our inventory was conducted from December 2013 to February 2015, using the active search and auditory census methods on breeding sites in different water bodies of the park. We recorded 31 anuran species belonging to five families (species number in parentheses): Leptodactylidae (14), Hylidae (12), Bufonidae (3), Microhylidae (1) and Phyllomedusidae (1). The rarefaction curve and species richness estimators indicated that the sampling effort was enough to record most of the species in the region. The richness of anurans in the PEM was higher than reported by other authors for several areas of Cerrado. Most species have a wide distribution in Brazil or are strongly associated with the Caatinga or Amazon biomes. Only about 19% are endemic to the Cerrado biome. This study is the first to inventory the anurans species of the south-central region of state of Maranhão and provides important data on amphibian communities from the northern part of the Brazilian Cerrado.

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