HEPATITIS B IN RONDÔNIA (WESTERN AMAZON REGION, BRAZIL): descriptive analysis and spatial distribution

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and variational trends following a hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) inoculation programme carried out in children over the last 22 years in Jiangsu province. It also aims to evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccine immunisation and to analyse the influential of HBsAg positive carriers. Finally, the study also provides reliable data and a baseline for adjusting future prevention and intervention strategies in Jiangsu province. Methods The incidence rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Jiangsu province from 2004 to 2014 were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 3,002 subjects aged 1-29 years across 13 hepatitis B virus monitoring points throughout the province, which had been classified as either urban or rural. HBV was assessed from venous blood samples using Abbott microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) kits (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois). Results HBV incidence in the 1-29 age group showed a significant downward trend since 2004 (P<0.001). Serological assessments showed that the prevalence values of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) in the 1-29 age group were 1.20% and 5.33%, respectively. And 66.89% tested positive for the hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). The HBsAg positive rate among participants was significantly lower in subjects who had been vaccinated than in those who had not (0.46% vs 14.93%, p<0.0001). Among persons who had received the full three-dose vaccine regimen, 90.93% received the first dose of the HBV vaccine within 24 hours of the baby’s birth. In this same group, the prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc were 0.05% and 0.95%, respectively, and the HBV infection rate decreased significantly after 2006. Conclusions The overall rate of Hepatitis B vaccinations and vaccinations administered within 24 hours of the baby’s birth have continuously improved since the HepB vaccine was integrated into the immunisation programme in Jiangsu province. Hepatitis B prevention and control works in the target population has achieved remarkable results.

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A Comparison of Epidemiological Characteristics of Central Nervous System Tumours in China and Globally from 1990 to 2019

Neuroepidemiology ◽

10.1159/000519463 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 460-472

Author(s):

Bo Zhu ◽

Xiaomei Wu ◽

Haozhe Piao ◽

Shuang Xu ◽

Bing Yao

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Central Nervous System Tumours ◽

Life Years ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Incident Cases

Background: Despite their great disease burden, there have been few studies on the epidemiology of central nervous system tumours (CNSTs) in China. We used the latest data updated by GBD to analyse the trends of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for CNSTs in China versus globally. Methods: Epidemiological data on CNSTs were extracted from GBD 2019. We used Joinpoint regression analysis to calculate the magnitude and direction of the trends and the age-period-cohort method to analyse the age, period, and cohort effects of the trend. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the 106.52% increase in Chinese incident cases was higher than the global increase (94.35%). The 67.32% increase in cancer deaths and 16.03% increase in DALYs were lower than the global increases (cancer death: 76.36%; DALYs: 40.06%). The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) in China were higher than the global ASIRs, and the increase in China was higher than that globally. Although the age-standardized mortality rates and age-standardized DALY rates in China were higher, their increases in China were less than those globally. Both in China and globally, the number and incidence, mortality, and DALYs by age group showed a bimodal distribution (younger than 5 years and older), and the peak in the older age group showed a backwards trend. The proportion of incident cases, cancer deaths, and DALYs also increased in the older age group. In the age-period-cohort model, the local drifts in the older age group were above zero. Conclusions: The burden of CNSTs is very serious in China, and we should pay attention to the key populations, early diagnosis technology, improvements in medical technology, and ways to reduce medical costs. We believe our results could help policymakers allocate resources efficiently to reduce the burden of CNSTs.

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A Diagnostic Laboratory-Based Study on Frequency and Distribution of Viral Hepatitis B and C Among Sudanese

The Open Virology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874357901711010098 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 98-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marwan M. Badawi ◽

Alshaimaa A. Mohammed ◽

Mohammed S. Mohammed ◽

Mohammed M. Saeed ◽

Elmoez Y. Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Age Group ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory ◽

Genotype 4 ◽

Care Givers ◽

Time Period ◽

Threatening Condition ◽

Life Threatening

Background: Hepatitis B infection is an alarming public health problem. Almost two billion people of the population alive today, would have been infected at some time in their lives by hepatitis B. Hepatitis C virus is another life threatening condition, and about 425,000 deaths occur each year due to its complications. The current study was carried out to provide care givers and health planners basic epidemiological data regarding the frequency and distribution of HBV and HCV based on age and sex during a time period of more than 5 years. Result: A total of 2109 different patients were found to be infected by HBV during the study period; 1641 (77.81%) were males and 468 (22.19%) were females with the age group of 20-39 years predominating (64%). In addition,16% of patients tested for HBeAg were found reactive. Conclusion: There were significant correlations observed between the levels of HBV DNA and ALT, AST and AFP. Regarding HCV, 70 males (54.9%) and 63 females (45.1%) were found to be infected, with preponderance of the age group 41 - 60 years and the genotype 4. Designing knowledge raising campaigns is appreciated as well as repetition of similar studies among larger populations in the following few years will help track a way to improvement.

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Assessment of seroepidemic conditions of hepatitis B virus among people under 29 years of age and evaluation of the hepatitis B vaccine after 22 years in Jiangsu Province, China

10.21203/rs.2.15640/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

xiang Sun ◽

Fenyang Tang ◽

Ying Hu ◽

Xiuying Deng ◽

Zhiguo Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Jiangsu Province ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Age Group ◽

Significant Downward Trend ◽

B Virus

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and variational trends following a hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) inoculation programme carried out in children over the last 22 years in Jiangsu province. It also aims to evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccine immunisation and to analyse the influential of HBsAg positive carriers. Finally, the study also provides reliable data and a baseline for adjusting future prevention and intervention strategies in Jiangsu province. Methods The incidence rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Jiangsu province from 2004 to 2014 were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 3,002 subjects aged 1-29 years across 13 hepatitis B virus monitoring points throughout the province, which had been classified as either urban or rural. HBV was assessed from venous blood samples using Abbott microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) kits (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois). Results HBV incidence in the 1-29 age group showed a significant downward trend since 2004 (P<0.001). Serological assessments showed that the prevalence values of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) in the 1-29 age group were 1.20% and 5.33%, respectively. And 66.89% tested positive for the hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). The HBsAg positive rate among participants was significantly lower in subjects who had been vaccinated than in those who had not (0.46% vs 14.93%, p<0.0001). Among persons who had received the full three-dose vaccine regimen, 90.93% received the first dose of the HBV vaccine within 24 hours of the baby’s birth. In this same group, the prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc were 0.05% and 0.95%, respectively, and the HBV infection rate decreased significantly after 2006. Conclusions The overall rate of Hepatitis B vaccinations and vaccinations administered within 24 hours of the baby’s birth have continuously improved since the HepB vaccine was integrated into the immunisation programme in Jiangsu province. Hepatitis B prevention and control works in the target population has achieved remarkable results.

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Overview of the Dermatology department at HUEH during the month of June 2021

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.pp83gld.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ansly Jefferson DESRAVINES ◽

Axler Jean Paul ◽

Medgyne De Laleu ◽

Cristel Elena Forestal

Keyword(s):

Skin Disease ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Age Group ◽

Dermatology Department ◽

Microsoft Word ◽

Promotion Policies ◽

Prevention And Health Promotion ◽

Age Range

Introduction Few epidemiological data on skin disease are available in Haiti. Moreover, it is a specialty poorly known by our population. The aim is to draw up the epidemiological overview of the HUEH Dermatology department. Methodology This is a simple descriptive analysis of patients saw in the first consultation at the HUEH dermatology department during our visit. Data were collected from the register of the outpatient clinic. 367 patients from June 1 to June 30, 2021, were collected. The variables studied were gender, age, diagnosis, and outcome. We have used for this work Microsoft Excel, SPSS, Microsoft Word, and Microsoft Powerpoint softwares. Results Mean age of our patients was 23.19 ±17.07 years, with extremes of 1 month and 88 years. The most represented age range was [19-65] years, representing 55.9% of our population. There was a predominance of females (61.9%) over males (38.1%) with a sex ratio of 0.61. The 5 main diagnoses were Sarcoptosis 97 cases (26.4%), Eczema, grouping 5 types, 35 cases (9.5%), Acne 30 cases (8.2%), Dermatophytosis 21 cases (5,7%), Ringworm 18 cases (4.9%). Among sarcoptosis patients, 39.2% were in the [19-65] age group and 53.6% were women. For those with Eczema, the age group [19-65] was still the most represented with 57.1%, and 60% were women. There were no patients older than 65 years with eczema. Regarding patients with Acne, 80% were in the [19-65] age group with 83.3% women. As for patients with dermatophytosis, 71.4% were in the [19-65] age group and 81% was women. The last most frequent skin disease was ringworm with 61.1% of patients aged [5-18] years and 77.8% of these were males. 99.45% of patients were seen as outpatients. Conclusion Parasitic and mycotic skin diseases are the main diagnosed diseases at the HUEH Dermatology Department during our period. Women from 19 to 65 years (pillar of the national economy) are the most affected by sarcoptosis (53.6%), eczema (60%), acne (83%), and dermatophytes (81%). Note that male children represent 77.8% of ringworm cases. We couldn’t talk about women’s health without a dermatological perspective. Hence the need to integrate dermatological pathologies into prevention and health promotion policies. More extensive observations are needed for a better profile of the epidemiology of skin diseases in Haiti.

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Demographics and Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in the State of Qatar: A Five-Year Surveillance-Based Incidence Study

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens8020068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Hamad E. Al Romaihi ◽

Nandakumar Ganesan ◽

Elmoubasher A. Farag ◽

Maria K. Smatti ◽

Gheyath K. Nasrallah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Case Definition ◽

World Health ◽

Public And Private ◽

Cdc Guidelines ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Health Organization ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Expatriates represent >80% of Qatar’s population, mostly arriving from countries in Africa and Asia that are endemic with many diseases. This increases the risk for introducing new pathogens into the country and provides a platform for maintenance of endemic pathogen circulation. Here, we report on the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Qatar between 2010 and 2014. Methods: We performed a retrospective epidemiological data analysis using the data available at the surveillance system of the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) in Qatar. Data were collected from distinctive public and private incorporates around the nation. Reported cases of hepatitis B patients represent those who met the stringent case definition as per World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines and eventually reported to MOPH. Results: The annual incidence rates of hepatitis B cases were 30.0, 34.2, 30.5, 39.4, and 19.8 per 100,000 population in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. There was no specific trend or seasonality for the reported cases. The incidence rates were higher in females compared to males between 2010 and 2012, but similar in 2013 and 2014. The highest incidence rates were reported among individuals between 25 and 34 years of age. No cases were reported in children younger than five years in 2013 and 2014. Rates of hepatitis B cases declined dramatically in 2014, in both Qataris and non-Qataris, as compared to the previous years. Conclusion: Our results indicate a dramatic decline of hepatitis B cases in Qatar but mandate improved surveillance and vaccination efforts in expatriates in the nation.

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Hepatitis B Incidence Rates by County, Arizona, 2000

Spatial Data Explorer Repository ◽

10.2458/azu_geo_arizona_hepatitisbincidence_2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Incidence Rates

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PERIODONTAL DISEASE STATUS, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND TREATMENT NEEDS OF PREGNANT WOMEN

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.6.18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 138-144

Author(s):

Thien Nguyen Duc ◽

Tai Tran Tan

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Disease Status ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Gestation Period ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean

Background: Periodontal disease is a prominent and important issue of public health, especially in pregnant women. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics; learn knowledge, attitudes, practice oral hygiene and assess the need for treatment of periodontal disease in pregnant women. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 210 pregnant women who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Clinical examination and interview questions on knowledge, attitudes and practice of oral care for all subjects. Results: The incidence of gingivitis was 100%, with mild gingivitis of 4,3% and moderate gingivitis of 95.7%. There was a difference in incidence rates of gingivitis in the gestational period (p<0.001). The incidence of periodontitis is 17.6% and there is no difference in gestational age (p>0.05). The mean values of GI and BOP indices differed by gestation period (p<0.05) and PD, OHI-S, PlI have statistically significant relationship with gestation period (p>0.05). The incidence of periodontal disease is 80.5%; The percentage of pregnant women who abstain from brushing their teeth after birth is 61.4%. Prevalence of brushing once a day: 7.1%; Twice a day: 70.5% and 3 times daily: 22.4%; The mean values of GI, PD, BOP, OHI-S and PlI were inversely proportional to the number of brushing (p<0.001). The rate of dental hygiene is just 3.3%; The rate of oral hygiene, dental plaque and plaque removal was 94,3%; The proportion of subjects required for intensive treatment is 2.4%. Conclusion: Periodontal disease, especially for pregnant women, is high. It is necessary to educate the knowledge, attitudes and practice of proper oral hygiene and to better meet the demand for periodontal disease treatment for pregnant women. Key words: Periodontal disease, pregnant women, knowledge, attitude, practice for oral hygiene, treatment needs

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Dynamics of T Cells Repertoire During Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and its Post-Treatment Modulation

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666181101111819 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (36) ◽

pp. 6519-6543 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adriana Egui ◽

Paola Lasso ◽

Elena Pérez-Antón ◽

M. Carmen Thomas ◽

Manuel Carlos López

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Clinical Status ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Parasite Load ◽

Chronic Patients ◽

Cruzi Infection

Chagas disease courses with different clinical phases and has a variable clinical presentation and progression. The acute infection phase mostly exhibits a non-specific symptomatology. In the absence of treatment, the acute phase is followed by a chronic phase, which is initially asymptomatic. This chronic asymptomatic phase of the disease is characterized by a fragile balance between the host’s immune response and the parasite replication. The loss of this balance is crucial for the progression of the sickness. The virulence and tropism of the T. cruzi infecting strain together to the inflammation processes in the cardiac tissue are the main factors for the establishment and severity of the cardiomyopathy. The efficacy of treatment in chronic Chagas disease patients is controversial. However, several studies carried out in chronic patients demonstrated that antiparasitic treatment reduces parasite load in the bloodstream and leads to an improvement in the immune response against the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. The present review is mainly focused on the cellular patterns associated to the clinical status and the evolution of the disease in chronic patients, as well as the effectiveness of the treatment related to T. cruzi infection control. Therefore, an emphasis is placed on the dynamics of specific-antigens T cell subpopulations, their memory and activation phenotypes, their functionality and their contribution to pathogenesis or disease control, as well as their association with risk of congenital transmission of the parasite.

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