Hepatitis B Incidence Rates by County, Arizona, 2000

2000 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Incidence Rates

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S Gene Deletions and Pre-S Deleted Proteins: Clinical and Molecular Implications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Yueh-Te Lin ◽  
Long-Bin Jeng ◽  
Wen-Ling Chan ◽  
Ih-Jen Su ◽  
Chiao-Fang Teng
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
S Gene ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent and fatal human cancers worldwide and its development and prognosis are intimately associated with chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The identification of genetic mutations and molecular mechanisms that mediate HBV-induced tumorigenesis therefore holds promise for the development of potential biomarkers and targets for HCC prevention and therapy. The presence of HBV pre-S gene deletions in the blood and the expression of pre-S deleted proteins in the liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis B and HBV-related HCC have emerged as valuable biomarkers for higher incidence rates of HCC development and a higher risk of HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection, respectively. Moreover, pre-S deleted proteins are regarded as important oncoproteins that activate multiple signaling pathways to induce DNA damage and promote growth and proliferation in hepatocytes, leading to HCC development. The signaling molecules dysregulated by pre-S deleted proteins have also been validated as potential targets for the prevention of HCC development. In this review, we summarize the clinical and molecular implications of HBV pre-S gene deletions and pre-S deleted proteins in HCC development and recurrence and highlight their potential applications in HCC prevention and therapy.

scholarly journals Estimating the impact of vaccination using age–time-dependent incidence rates of hepatitis B

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. HENS ◽  
M. AERTS ◽  
Z. SHKEDY ◽  
P. KUNG'U KIMANI ◽  
M. KOJOUHOROVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Penalized Regression ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Penalized Regression Splines ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to model the age–time-dependent incidence of hepatitis B while estimating the impact of vaccination. While stochastic models/time-series have been used before to model hepatitis B cases in the absence of knowledge on the number of susceptibles, this paper proposed using a method that fits into the generalized additive model framework. Generalized additive models with penalized regression splines are used to exploit the underlying continuity of both age and time in a flexible non-parametric way. Based on a unique case notification dataset, we have shown that the implemented immunization programme in Bulgaria resulted in a significant decrease in incidence for infants in their first year of life with 82% (79–84%). Moreover, we have shown that conditional on an assumed baseline susceptibility percentage, a smooth force-of-infection profile can be obtained from which two local maxima were observed at ages 9 and 24 years.

Incidence Rates of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections among Blood Donors in Hiroshima, Japan, during 10 Years from 1994 to 2004

Intervirology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Tanaka ◽  
Masaaki Mizui ◽  
Hideki Nagakami ◽  
Keiko Katayama ◽  
Ayako Tabuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Virus Infections

scholarly journals HIV and Hepatitis B and C incidence rates in US correctional populations and high risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Gough ◽  
Mirjam C Kempf ◽  
Laura Graham ◽  
Marvin Manzanero ◽  
Edward W Hook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates

scholarly journals Efficiency of a rapid assay for diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection in early ages with high levels of bilirubin

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Ali Abdul Hussein Sadeq AL-Janabi ◽  
Raid Amran Musa ◽  
Zahraa Zake Abdul Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Rapid Assay ◽  
B Virus

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) considers one of the common types of viral disease that can infect all ages of the human. Babies and children as an early age of the human life are usually infected by such type of virus with high incidence rates all over the world. An evaluation of a rapid assay (RA) in comparison with ELISA for diagnosis of HBV infection in early ages patients with a high level of bilirubin was investigated in the present study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 86 early age patients with high bilirubin levels (35 babies and 51 children) were involved in this study. Sandwich ELISA and RA were applied to detect HBsAg of HBV in the patient's blood samples.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> According to the rapid assay, all of our patients were shown a negative result for HBV infection, while the application of sandwich ELISA showed positive results in two of them (child and baby).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The RA could be used as a second chose to detect HBV infection after ELISA. The diagnostic device produce by ABNO company which was used as one of the RA was revealed less effective to detect HBV infection.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of seroepidemic conditions of hepatitis B virus among people under 29 years of age and evaluation of the hepatitis B vaccine after 22 years in Jiangsu Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiang Sun ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhu ◽  
Fenyang Tang ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Xiuying Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and variational trends following a hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) inoculation programme carried out in children over the last 22 years in Jiangsu province. It also aims to evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccine immunisation and to analyse the influential of HBsAg positive carriers. Finally, the study also provides reliable data and a baseline for adjusting future prevention and intervention strategies in Jiangsu province. Methods The incidence rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Jiangsu province from 2004 to 2014 were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 3,002 subjects aged 1-29 years across 13 hepatitis B virus monitoring points throughout the province, which had been classified as either urban or rural. HBV was assessed from venous blood samples using Abbott microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) kits (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois). Results HBV incidence in the 1-29 age group showed a significant downward trend since 2004 (P<0.001). Serological assessments showed that the prevalence values of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) in the 1-29 age group were 1.20% and 5.33%, respectively. And 66.89% tested positive for the hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). The HBsAg positive rate among participants was significantly lower in subjects who had been vaccinated than in those who had not (0.46% vs 14.93%, p<0.0001). Among persons who had received the full three-dose vaccine regimen, 90.93% received the first dose of the HBV vaccine within 24 hours of the baby’s birth. In this same group, the prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc were 0.05% and 0.95%, respectively, and the HBV infection rate decreased significantly after 2006. Conclusions The overall rate of Hepatitis B vaccinations and vaccinations administered within 24 hours of the baby’s birth have continuously improved since the HepB vaccine was integrated into the immunisation programme in Jiangsu province. Hepatitis B prevention and control works in the target population has achieved remarkable results.

scholarly journals SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MORBIDITY OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B AND C INCIDENCE (SAMARA REGION CASE STUDY)

2018 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
R.S. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Population Incidence ◽  
Working Age

The research subject is chronic hepatites B and C incidence amongst the Samara region population. We discussed the related social aspects of these infections in the article. The research was carried out on the basis of statistical data on infectious diseases statistical data for 2000–2014, provided by the Department of The Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor) of Samara region. The data for 2015–2017 have been analyzed from annually published State Reports «The state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in Samara region». During the research, we analyzed the epidemic situation of the diseases and outlined comparative description about the Samara region and Russian Federations incidence rates. We analyzed the ratio of urban and rural population incidence rates and described the age structure of the population incidence in the region. We analyzed the morbidity in three main population groups: younger than working age, working age and older than working age. Comparative analysis of the morbidity was carried out the subjects of Samara region with a high and low level of socio-economic well-being. We gave the degree evaluation of socioeconomic damage from chronic hepatitis B and C and reflected the social significance of these diseases for society. We also offer the ways for problem solution and optimization of the health authorities costs aimed to the decreasing of hepatites incidence.

scholarly journals Assessment of population immunity to hepatitis B virus in the population of a large city in the european part of Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Polyanina ◽  
T.N. Bystrova ◽  
A.A. Zalesskikh
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
European Part ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
B Virus ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

The urgency of the problem of hepatitis B is related to its significant economic damage, epidemiologic, medical and social significance, widespread infection, severity, high frequency of adverse outcomes, and active involvement of working-age people in the epidemic process. The objective was to assess population immunity to hepatitis B virus among citizens of the european part of Russia (based on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod Region) in the context of planned vaccination. We analyzed disease incidence and vaccination of the population using official statistics and laboratory test results. The prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B (anti-HBs, anti-HBcor IgG) among the conditionally healthy population aged 1–55 was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Epidemiologic efficiency of mass vaccination against hepatitis B in the population of the Nizhny Novgorod Region was established: the absence of officially registered cases of acute hepatitis B among children aged 0–14 since 2013, as well as a significant reduction in the incidence rates in the adult population from 52.2 0/0000 in 2000 to 1.30/0000 in 2018. An inverse correlation dependence of the average power between the incidence rates of the AHB and the vaccination coverage of children and adults was established. The article presents the results of studying duration and intensity of post-vaccination immunity to the hepatitis B virus in the population of the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2000–2018. Serological monitoring allows evaluation of efficacy of vaccination and the level of specific population immunity to the hepatitis B virus, which, in its turn, contributes to timely management decisions about the need and timing of booster immunization of specific categories of the population.

scholarly journals HEPATITIS B IN RONDÔNIA (WESTERN AMAZON REGION, BRAZIL): descriptive analysis and spatial distribution

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Deus VIEIRA ◽  
Mayara FLORÃO ◽  
Karen Priscilla Oliveira CASTRO ◽  
Thaianne da Cunha ALVES ◽  
Spencer VAICIUNAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group

Background The Amazon is one of the regions who have the highest rates of infection by the hepatitis B virus in the world. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological data and spatial distribution of hepatitis B cases reported between 2002 and 2012 in the Brazilian State of Rondônia. Methods Social and clinical data of these individuals were studied through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), including the following variables: gender, age group, vaccination, contact with a known patient with HBV, exposure to risk factors, source of infection, and clinical status. Results There were 7,132 cases reported in Rondônia, with an average incidence rate of 42/100,000 inhabitants per year. The municipalities with the highest incidence rates were Monte Negro (187.6/100,000 inhabitants) and Ariquemes (157.2/100,000 inhabitants). The 20-39 year-old age group had the highest number of cases (n = 3,834), and 69.9% of patients were likely infected via sexual contact. Regarding the clinical disease status, most of the patients (80.7%) were in the chronic phase. Conclusions There was a recent 402% increase in the diagnosis of hepatitis B, which is likely owing to the improvements in the public diagnostic system. This highlights the need for public policies to prevent and control the disease.

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