Spatial distribution and socioeconomic context of tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

OBJECTIVE To analyze the spatial distribution of risk for tuberculosis and its socioeconomic determinants in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS An ecological study on the association between the mean incidence rate of tuberculosis from 2004 to 2006 and socioeconomic indicators of the Censo Demográfico (Demographic Census) of 2000. The unit of analysis was the home district registered in the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Notifiable Diseases Information System) of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. The rates were standardized by sex and age group, and smoothed by the empirical Bayes method. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated by Moran’s I. Multiple linear regression models were studied and the appropriateness of incorporating the spatial component in modeling was evaluated. RESULTS We observed a higher risk of the disease in some neighborhoods of the port and north regions, as well as a high incidence in the slums of Rocinha and Vidigal, in the south region, and Cidade de Deus, in the west. The final model identified a positive association for the variables: percentage of permanent private households in which the head of the house earns three to five minimum wages; percentage of individual residents in the neighborhood; and percentage of people living in homes with more than two people per bedroom. CONCLUSIONS The spatial analysis identified areas of risk of tuberculosis incidence in the neighborhoods of the city of Rio de Janeiro and also found spatial dependence for the incidence of tuberculosis and some socioeconomic variables. However, the inclusion of the space component in the final model was not required during the modeling process.

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Analysis of the spatial distribution of dengue cases in the city of Rio de Janeiro, 2011 and 2012

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051006239 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Silvia Carvalho ◽

Mônica De Avelar Figueiredo Mafra Magalhães ◽

Roberto De Andrade Medronho

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Kernel Density ◽

Severe Dengue ◽

Automatic Process ◽

Density Estimator ◽

Macroeconomic Policies ◽

The City

OBJECTIVE Analyze the spatial distribution of classical dengue and severe dengue cases in the city of Rio de Janeiro. METHODS Exploratory study, considering cases of classical dengue and severe dengue with laboratory confirmation of the infection in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the years 2011/2012. The georeferencing technique was applied for the cases notified in the Notification Increase Information System in the period of 2011 and 2012. For this process, the fields “street” and “number” were used. The ArcGis10 program’s Geocoding tool’s automatic process was performed. The spatial analysis was done through the kernel density estimator. RESULTS Kernel density pointed out hotspots for classic dengue that did not coincide geographically with severe dengue and were in or near favelas. The kernel ratio did not show a notable change in the spatial distribution pattern observed in the kernel density analysis. The georeferencing process showed a loss of 41% of classic dengue registries and 17% of severe dengue registries due to the address in the Notification Increase Information System form. CONCLUSIONS The hotspots near the favelas suggest that the social vulnerability of these localities can be an influencing factor for the occurrence of this aggravation since there is a deficiency of the supply and access to essential goods and services for the population. To reduce this vulnerability, interventions must be related to macroeconomic policies.

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Spatial analysis of deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of São Luís, Brazil

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ◽

10.1590/s1806-37132014000500011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 543-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marcelino Santos-Neto ◽

Mellina Yamamura ◽

Maria Concebida da Cunha Garcia ◽

Marcela Paschoal Popolin ◽

Tatiane Ramos dos Santos Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Positive Association ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Public Health Policies ◽

Operational Characteristics ◽

Operational Variables ◽

The City ◽

Selection Of

OBJECTIVE: To characterize deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis, according to sociodemographic and operational variables, in the city of São Luís, Brazil, and to describe their spatial distribution. METHODS: This was an exploratory ecological study based on secondary data from death certificates, obtained from the Brazilian Mortality Database, related to deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis. We included all deaths attributed to pulmonary tuberculosis that occurred in the urban area of São Luís between 2008 and 2012. We performed univariate and bivariate analyses of the sociodemographic and operational variables of the deaths investigated, as well as evaluating the spatial distribution of the events by kernel density estimation. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 193 deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis in São Luís. The median age of the affected individuals was 52 years. Of the 193 individuals who died, 142 (73.60%) were male, 133 (68.91%) were Mulatto, 102 (53.13%) were single, and 64 (33.16%) had completed middle school. There was a significant positive association between not having received medical care prior to death and an autopsy having been performed (p = 0.001). A thematic map by density of points showed that the spatial distribution of those deaths was heterogeneous and that the density was as high as 8.12 deaths/km2. CONCLUSIONS: The sociodemographic and operational characteristics of the deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis evaluated in this study, as well as the identification of priority areas for control and surveillance of the disease, could promote public health policies aimed at reducing health inequities, allowing the optimization of resources, as well as informing decisions regarding the selection of strategies and specific interventions targeting the most vulnerable populations.

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Crustaceans composition in sandy beaches of Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/11024 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 778 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ricardo S. Cardoso ◽

Felipe Meireis ◽

Gustavo Mattos

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Sandy Beaches ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Sepetiba Bay ◽

Main Species ◽

Janeiro State ◽

Made In

A crustacean survey was made in Sepetiba bay, Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil. Twelve sandy beaches were sampled on five islands in this embayment. A total of 3024 individuals were collected, belonging to 21 species, which are grouped in 16 families, seven infraorders, seven suborders, and four orders. Isopods, followed by amphipods and tanaids, showed the highest abundance, amounting to over 92% of the dominance of crustaceans. The main species were Excirolana armata, Excirolana braziliensis (isopods), Atlantorchestoidea brasiliensis (amphipod), and Monokalliapseudes schubarti (tanaid), which together accounted about 80% of crustaceans of the beaches studied. Excirolana braziliensis had the highest frequency. The majority of species found are typical of sandy beaches, with large spatial distribution.

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Correlation between the spatial distribution of leprosy and socioeconomic indicators in the city of Vitória, State of ES, Brazil

Leprosy Review ◽

10.47276/lr.84.4.256 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 256-265

Author(s):

Poliane Barbosa Sampaio ◽

Adelmo Inácio Bertolde ◽

Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel ◽

Eliana Zandonade

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

The City

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Social segregation and lethal police violence in the city of São Paulo, Brazil (2014-2015)

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-81232021269.25002020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 4275-4286

Author(s):

Marcelo Ryngelblum ◽

Maria Fernanda Tourinho Peres

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Positive Association ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Police Violence ◽

Social Segregation ◽

The City ◽

Fatal Injuries

Abstract We aimed to investigate how lethal police violence (LPV) in the City of São Paulo (CSP), Brazil, is associated with socioeconomic development when we consider the victims’ place of residence and the locations of the fatal injuries. The spatial distribution of lethal police violence rate (LPVR) and its association with the human development index (HDI) was investigated using the Moran’s I (Global and Bivariate Local). Between 2014 and 2015 we found 403 police victims in the Health database and 794 victims in the Security Department. We found a non-random spatial distribution of the LPV considering the victim’s place of residence (I=+0.12; p<0.001) and the locations where the fatal injuries were inflicted (I=+0.07; p<0.001). We found a negative association between LPVR and the HDI of the place of residence (I=-0.10; p<0.001) and a positive association between LPVR and the HDI of the locations of the fatal injuries (I=+0.02; p<0.001). The results point to different dynamics of LPV in CSP. High mortality clusters are found in areas with lower HDI, when considering the victim’s address, and in areas with higher HDI, when considering the address of the violent events. LPV impacts young blacks, poorly educated residents of outskirts informing us about patterns of social segregation.

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Visualização de dados sobre os parques públicos cariocas | Data Visualization on public parks in Rio de Janeiro

InfoDesign - Revista Brasileira de Design da Informação ◽

10.51358/id.v14i2.601 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 263-272

Author(s):

Victória Diniz Sacagami ◽

Larissa E. Siveira ◽

Lucia M. Costa ◽

Julie A. Pires

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Data Visualization ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Landscape Architecture ◽

Public Parks ◽

Interdisciplinary Work ◽

The City ◽

Park Location ◽

Graphic Solution

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento de uma visualização de dados acerca de uma pesquisa sobre a distribuição espacial dos parques públicos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um trabalho interdisciplinar, na interface entre Comunicação Visual,Urbanismo e Paisagismo. A partir da visualização de dados, o trabalho visa a criação de uma solução gráfica capaz de revelar espacialidades, inter-relações e dinâmicas socio ambientais, levantando discussões acerca dos principais aspectos que influenciam na localização dos parques na cidade.+++++This paper aims to present the development of a data visualization about a research on the spatial distribution of public parks in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It is an interdisciplinary work in the interface between Visual Communication, Urbanism and Landscape Architecture. Based on data visualization, the work aims to create a graphic solution able of revealing spatialities, social relationships and dynamics, raising discussions about the main aspects that influence park location within the city.

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Association Between Socio-Environmental Factors, Coverage by Family Health Teams, and Rainfall in the Spatial Distribution of Zika Virus Infection in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015 and 2016

10.21203/rs.3.rs-147040/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Eduardo Raymundo ◽

Roberto de Andrade Medronho

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Family Health ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Spatial Error ◽

Environmental Diversity ◽

Census Tracts ◽

The City

Abstract Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection caused outbreak in Brazil, in 2015 and 2016. Disorganized urban growth, facilitates the concentration of numerous susceptible and infected individuals. It is useful to understand the mechanisms that can favor the increase in ZIKV incidence, such as areas with wide socioeconomic and environmental diversity. Therefore, the study analyzed the spatial distribution of ZIKV in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015 and 2016, and associations between the incidence per 1,000 inhabitants and socio-environmental factors. Methods: The census tracts were used as the analytical units reported ZIKV cases among the city’s inhabitants. Local Empirical Bayesian method was used to control the incidence rates’ instability effect. The spatial autocorrelation was verified with Moran’s Index and local indicators of spatial association (LISA). Spearman correlation matrix was used to indicate possible collinearity. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Spatial Lag Model (SAR), and Spatial Error Model (CAR) were used to analyze the relationship between ZIKV and socio-environmental factors.Results: The SAR model exhibited the best parameters: R2 = 0.44, Log-likelihood= -7482, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) = 14980. In this model, mean income between 1 and 2 minimum wages was possible risk factors for Zika occurrence in the localities. Household conditions related to adequate water supply and the existence of public sewage disposal were associated with lower ZIKV incidence rates, suggesting possible protective factors against the occurrence of ZIKV in the localities. The presence of the Family Health Strategy in the census tracts was positively associated with the ZIKV incidence rate. However, the results show that mean income less than 1 minimum wage were negatively associated with higher ZIKV incidence rates. Discussion: The results demonstrate the importance of socio-environmental variables in the dynamics of ZIKV transmission and the relevance for the development of control strategies.

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Association between socio-environmental factors, coverage by family health teams, and rainfall in the spatial distribution of Zika virus infection in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015 and 2016

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11249-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Eduardo Raymundo ◽

Roberto de Andrade Medronho

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Cumulative Incidence ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Family Health ◽

Spatial Error ◽

Environmental Diversity ◽

Census Tracts ◽

The City

Abstract Background Zika virus (ZIKV) infection caused outbreak in Brazil, in 2015 and 2016. Disorganized urban growth, facilitates the concentration of numerous susceptible and infected individuals. It is useful to understand the mechanisms that can favor the increase in ZIKV incidence, such as areas with wide socioeconomic and environmental diversity. Therefore, the study analyzed the spatial distribution of ZIKV in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015 and 2016, and associations between the incidence per 1000 inhabitants and socio-environmental factors. Methods The census tracts were used as the analytical units reported ZIKV cases among the city’s inhabitants. Local Empirical Bayesian method was used to control the incidence rates’ instability effect. The spatial autocorrelation was verified with Moran’s Index and local indicators of spatial association (LISA). Spearman correlation matrix was used to indicate possible collinearity. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Spatial Lag Model (SAR), and Spatial Error Model (CAR) were used to analyze the relationship between ZIKV and socio-environmental factors. Results The SAR model exhibited the best parameters: R2 = 0.44, Log-likelihood = − 7482, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) = 14,980. In this model, mean income between 1 and 2 minimum wages was possible risk factors for Zika occurrence in the localities. Household conditions related to adequate water supply and the existence of public sewage disposal were associated with lower ZIKV cumulative incidence, suggesting possible protective factors against the occurrence of ZIKV in the localities. The presence of the Family Health Strategy in the census tracts was positively associated with the ZIKV cumulative incidence. However, the results show that mean income less than 1 minimum wage were negatively associated with higher ZIKV cumulative incidence. Conclusion The results demonstrate the importance of socio-environmental variables in the dynamics of ZIKV transmission and the relevance for the development of control strategies.

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The Porto Alegre paradox: social determinants and tuberculosis incidence

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1809-4503201400060008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (suppl 2) ◽

pp. 88-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lisiane Morelia Weide Acosta ◽

Sérgio Luiz Bassanesi

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

High Rate ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

High Incidence ◽

The City

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is strongly associated with social and economic factors. The city of Porto Alegre, in the South of Brazil, has one of the highest Human Development Index and Gross Domestic Product per capita of the country. One would expect that the incidence of tuberculosis in such a place were low. However, the city has very high rates of incidence, the highest among Brazilian capitals. This paradox prompted this work, whose objectives were to analyze the spatial distribution of the incidence rate of bacilliferous pulmonary tuberculosis throughout the neighborhoods of Porto Alegre and its association with socioeconomic indicators. METHODS: Ecological non-concurrent cohort study. The units of analysis were the neighborhoods of the city. The average annual incidence of bacilliferous pulmonary tuberculosis for the period 2000 to 2005 and seven socioeconomic variables were analyzed, with information obtained from the IBGE and the Mortality Information System. Spatial techniques and multivariate analyzes were used to check associations. Inequalities were also measured. RESULTS: The spatial distribution of the incidence rate of bacilliferous pulmonary tuberculosis is very similar, i.e., associated with the distribution of socioeconomic factors. The Relative Index of Inequality was 7.9, showing the great difference in the incidence rate between neighborhoods. CONCLUSION: Porto Alegre presents high incidence rates of bacilliferous pulmonary tuberculosis, which distribution through the neighborhoods of the city is associated with socioeconomic factors. The city's high rate is due to the extremely high incidence rates in its poorest neighborhoods. The authors raise hypotheses and suggest interventions.

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Recent benthic foraminifera from the Itaipu Lagoon, Rio de Janeiro (southeastern Brazil)

Check List ◽

10.15560/12.5.1959 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1959 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Débora Raposo ◽

Vanessa Laut ◽

Iara Clemente ◽

Virginia Martins ◽

Fabrizio Frontalini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Benthic Foraminifera ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Guanabara Bay ◽

Foraminiferal Species ◽

The City ◽

Janeiro State

Itaipu Lagoon is located near the mouth of Guanabara Bay and has great importance for recreation to the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Several studies have documented foraminiferan diversity at Guanabara Bay, but none in Itaipu Lagoon. Therefore, this study lists and provides images of foraminiferal species collected from Itaipu Lagoon. A total of 35 species belonging to 23 genera were collected, grouped in 17 families and four orders. Ammonia tepida was the species with the highest occurrence. This study represents a baseline work for future investigations.

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