Protected environments and substrates for production of genipap seedlings

Genipap (Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae ) is a native Brazilian species and can be used in the recovery of degraded forest areas or for food supply. In order for the species to reach its potential, production of high quality seedlings is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate genipap seedlings in protected environments and different substrates. The environments tested were: (1) a greenhouse with polyethylene film in the top, with aluminized screen (Aliminet®) of 50%-shading under this film, and lateral sides covered with 50%-shading nylon net (Sombrite®), (2) a shaded hut, all sides covered with 50%-shading nylon net (Sombrite®), and (3) a nursery shelter, with all lateral sides uncovered and the roof covered with leaves of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa). In these environments the following substrates were tested: 50% cattle manure + 50% cassava foliage, 50% cattle manure + 50% Vida Verde®, 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite, and 25% cattle manure + 25% vermiculite + 25% of cassava foliage + 25% Vida Verde®. Because there was no repetition of the growth environment, the effect of environment was examined using statistical procedures for analysis of combined experiments. Within environments a completely randomized design was used with five replications. All substrates are suitable for the formation of genipap seedlings, where the recommended substrates are: 50% cattle manure + 50% cassava foliage and 50% cattle manure + 50% Vida Verde® for the greenhouse and the substrates composed of 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite and 25% cattle manure + 25% cassava foliage + 25% Vida Verde®+ 25% vermiculite for the shaded hut. The buriti shelter is not recommended for production of genipap seedlings.

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Coffee seedlings in different substrates and protected environments

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162013000400001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 589-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Arthur P. da Silva ◽

Edilson Costa ◽

Tiago L. do Espírito Santo ◽

Luan E. da Silva ◽

Roberta F. Martins

Keyword(s):

Critical Factor ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

High Quality ◽

Full Sunlight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Mesh Screen ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The production of high-quality seedlings is a critical factor for successful implementation of a determined crop in the field. In order to evaluate the production of coffee seedlings, experiments were conducted with different substrates and in different protected environments. Treatments consisted of evaluation of the following substrates: 50% cattle manure + 50% commercial substrate, 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite, 50% commercial substrate + 50% vermiculite, 1/3 cattle manure + 1/3 commercial substrate + 1/3 vermiculite, 50% cattle manure + 50% sand, 1/3 sand + 1/3 cattle manure + 1/3 commercial substrate and 50% commercial substrate + 50% sand. These substrates were tested in different protected environments: agricultural greenhouse, mesh screen with 50% shading, aluminized screen with 50% shading, black screen with 30% shading, black screen with 70% shading, nursery with a buriti straw roof and full sunlight. In each environment, the experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with five replicates of four plants each followed by joint analysis. The substrates containing 50% cattle manure associated with vermiculite or the commercial substrate may be indicated for production of coffee seedlings. Screened environments with 30, 50 and 70% shading resulted in the highest quality seedlings.

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Growth and quality of Garcinia humilis seedlings as a function of substrate and shading level

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632018v4853500 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 407-413

Author(s):

Bruna Luzia Barbosa da Silva ◽

Edilson Costa ◽

Flavio Ferreira da Silva Binotti ◽

Cleiton Gredson Sabin Benett ◽

Abimael Gomes da Silva

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Seedling Production ◽

High Quality ◽

Fine Grain ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Successful Establishment ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The successful establishment of a Garcinia humilis orchard depends on planting high-quality seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the shading level (0 %, 18 % and 50 %) and substrate composition on the formation of G. humilis seedlings. Four substrates (S) were evaluated combining different proportions (v:v) of soil (SO), cattle manure (CM), commercial substrate (CS), sand (SA) and fine grain vermiculite (FV): S1 = 0 % SO + 45 % CM + 20 % CS + 20 % SA + 15 % FV; S2 = 15 % SO + 30 % CM + 20 % CS + 20 % SA + 15 % FV; S3 = 30 % SO + 15 % CM + 20 % CS + 20 % SA + 15 % FV; S4 = 45 % SO + 0 % CM + 20 % CS + 20 % SA + 15 % FV. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in each environment, being the environments compared by a joint analysis. The G. humilis seedlings with the highest quality were obtained in the environment with a 50 % shading screen. G. humilis seedlings do not grow when exposed to full sunlight and, therefore, the seedling production of this species with direct solar radiation, without some shading level, should not be recommended. Different combinations from the mixture of soil, cattle manure, commercial substrate, sand and fine grain vermiculite may be used in the formulation of substrates for G. humilis seedlings.

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Production of eggplant from seedlings produced in different environments, containers and substrates

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362013000100022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Edilson Costa ◽

Lucas Gustavo Y Durante ◽

Adriano dos Santos ◽

Cleber R Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Cattle Manure ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

State University ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Light Diffuser ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

The seedling quality affects the plant performance in the field and proper techniques can increase the productivity of vegetables. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of eggplant seedlings, cultivar Embu, under protected environments, containers and substrates, and its development in the field at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Aquidauana, Brazil. For seedlings production, each environment was considered an experiment, which was carried out in a completely randomized design, in split-plot scheme (containers x substrates), with eight replications. Subsequently we realized joint analysis of the experiments to compare the environments. In the field, the design was in randomized blocks using four replications. The seedlings were grown in the protected environments: greenhouse covered with polyethylene film, light diffuser, 150 micron, and nursery monofilament screen with 50% of shading (Sombrite®). Inside environments, polystyrene trays with 72 cells and 128 cells were tested. The containers were filled with six substrates, from the combination of cattle manure and cassava stems. In the field were distributed 24 treatments generated from combinations of three factors. In both environments, the best seedlings are formed in trays with 72 cells. For two trays the best seedlings are formed in the greenhouse. In greenhouse, the substrate with 80% cattle manure and 20% of cassava stems promoted better growth of seedlings. In the screened, beyond this substrate, seedlings produced in the substrate with 100% manure showed higher vigor. For all substrates, the best seedlings are formed in tray with 72 cells inside the greenhouse. In the field the combination, "greenhouse + 72 cell tray + 80% manure and 20% cassava stems" was where the plants had better growth and productivity.

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Quality Improvement of White Pepper with Processing through Optimizing the Ratio of Starter Culture from Acetobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences ◽

10.4308/hjb.29.1.87-96 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 87-96

Author(s):

Kirana Sanggrami Sasmitaloka ◽

Hernani Hernani

Keyword(s):

Fermentation Process ◽

Starter Culture ◽

High Quality ◽

Soaking Time ◽

White Pepper ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Short Period ◽

Study Characteristics ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Fermentation process using known microbial species can be exploited for the processing of white pepper. It is expected to generate quality of white pepper in a short period soaking time. This research aimed to study characteristics of white pepper through a fermentation process by addition of combination isolates of Acetobacter sp., B. subtilis, and B. cereus. After threshing, 2 kg of fresh pepper berries was soaked in water mixed with starter culture. The experiment used a completely randomized design, two replications. The treatment consisted of: A) starter culture ratio of Acetobacter sp.: B. subtillis: B. cereus (A1 = 0:0:0; A2 = 1:1:1; A3 = 2:1:1; A4 = 1:2:1; and A5 = 1:1:2) and soaking time (B1 = 5 and B2 = 7 days). Fermented pepper was decorticated, washed, and dried. The best treatment was fermented for 7 days with the combination isolates of Acetobacter sp., B. subtilis, and B. cereus with ratio 2:1:1. This condition produced white pepper in fulfilling in requirement of SNI standards with piperine and essential oil contents and TPC of 5.95%, 2.95% and 1.1 x 102 CFU/g, respectively. This process is expected to generate high quality of white pepper in a short soaking time.

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Soursop seedlings: biomasses and biometric relations in different farming environments and substrates – Part II

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v36n2p229-241/2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 229-241

Author(s):

Edílson Costa ◽

Adriano R. Sassaqui ◽

Anne K. da Silva ◽

Norton H. Rego ◽

Bruna G. Fina

Keyword(s):

Quality Index ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

State University ◽

High Quality ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT The quality of seedling is critical to obtain vigorous plants in the field. The present study aimed to assess biomasses and biometric relations of soursop seedlings. We used different substrates in protected environments. The experiment was performed at the Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) (State University of Mato Grosso do Sul). Five farming environments were developed in greenhouses: one covered with low-density polyethylene film (LDPE), another with with polyethylene and heat-reflective cloth under film under 50% shading in aluminized color, monofilament cloth under 50% shading in black, thermo-reflective cloth under 50% shading in aluminized color, and an environment covered with bacuri coconut straw. Substrates were made of manure, humus, cassava branches and vermiculite at different proportions. Each of them varying from 25%, 33.3%, 50% and 75% in mixture combination. Each environment was considered an experiment. A completely randomized design was adopted and later a joint analysis of them. Agricultural greenhouse covered with LDPE and thermo-reflective cloths under 50% of shading, proportionated seedlings with greater biomass. Substrates containing manure are the most suitable for soursop seedlings. High percentages of earthworm humus produce low quality soursop seedlings. Soursop seedlings had a Dickson’s quality index around 0.335. The greenhouse covered only with LDPE film did not produce high quality seedlings.

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Utilização de diferentes substratos na propagação de Pyrostegia venusta através de estacas

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i4.3375 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

J. G. Crispim ◽

M. M. Rêgo ◽

E. R. Rêgo ◽

Â. M. S. Pessoa ◽

P. A. Barroso

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Main Root ◽

Plastic Tube ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Pyrostegia Venusta

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de clones de Pyrostegia venusta em diferentes tipos de substratos. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 06 tratamentos e 10 repetições, cada repetição foi constituída por um tubete de polietileno com capacidade de 103cm3. Os tratamentos testados foram: (T1) 100% de areia lavada; (T2) 50% areia lavada + 50% substrato comercial Plantmax®; (T3) 100% de substrato comercial Plantmax®; (T4) 50% areia lavada + 50% de esterco bovino; (T5) 1/3 areia lavada + 1/3 esterco bovino +1/3 de Plantmax® e (T6) 50% esterco bovino + 50% de Areia lavada. Após 30 dias foram avaliados o número de estacas sobreviventes, comprimento do broto (cm), número de folhas, comprimento da folha (cm), número de raízes e comprimento da raiz principal (cm). Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Por meio da análise de variância (p<0,01), detectou-se significância estatística, para as variáveis, sobrevivência das estacas e número de brotos por estaca de P. venusta, quando cultivadas em substrato composto por 50% areia lavada + 50% substrato comercial Plantmax®. Essa mistura apresenta a vantagem de ser mais econômica quando comparado ao substrato comercial Plantmax®, sendo portanto, recomendada na produção de mudas de cipó-de-São João.Utilization of different substrates in the propagation of Pyrostegia venusta by cuttingsAbstract: The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 06 treatments and 10 replicates, each replicate consisted of polyethylene plastic tube the size of 103cm3. The treatments were: (T1) 100% washed sand; (T2) 50% washed sand + 50% commercial substrate Plantmax®; (T3) 100% substrate commercial Plantmax®; (T4) 50 % washed sand + 50% cattle manure; (T5) 1/3 washed sand + 1/3 manure +1/3 Plantmax® and Plantmax (T6) 50 % cattle manure + 50% washed sand. After 30 days, were evaluated number of cutting survival, bud length in cm, number of leaves, leaf length in cm, number of roots and length of the main root. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. By analysis of variance (p< 0.01), there was significant differences for the variables, czutting survival and number of shoots per cutting when cultured on substrate composed of 50% washed sand + 50% commercial substrate Plantmax®. Furthermore, this mixture has the advantage to be cheaper as compared to substrate Plantmax®, so we recommend the seedlings of Saint John’s vine.

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Pengaruh Elevasi dan Pengolahan terhadap Kandungan Kimia dan Citarasa Kopi Robusta Lampung

Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar ◽

10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p57-62 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Juniaty Towaha ◽

Asif Aunillah ◽

Eko Heri Purwanto ◽

Handi Supriadi

Keyword(s):

Processing Technique ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Quality ◽

Robusta Coffee ◽

Dry Processing ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Wet Processing ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Cup Quality

Kopi Robusta Indonesia memiliki agroklimat dan elevasi tempat yang variatif serta lebih luas sehingga berpotensi sebagai penghasil kopi Robusta yang bermutu tinggi dengan citarasa dan aroma khas. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di perkebunan rakyat Provinsi Lampung dari bulan Januari hingga Desember 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh elevasi dan pengolahan terhadap kandungan kimia serta citarasa kopi Robusta di perkebunan kopi Robusta milik rakyat di Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dan analisis datanya mengikuti Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah empat ketinggian tempat, yaitu (1) 200; (2) 400; (3) 600 dan (4) 800 m dpl, sedangkan faktor kedua pengolahan buah kopi, yaitu (1) basah dan (2) kering. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pengujian kadar kafein, protein, lemak, dan abu serta uji organoleptik (cupping test). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa makin tinggi elevasi tempat tumbuh kopi Robusta di daerah Lampung maka kadar kafein dan lemak cenderung semakin meningkat. Selanjutnya, proses pengolahan kopi secara basah menghasilkan mutu citarasa kopi Robusta Lampung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pengolahan secara kering.Kata Kunci: Kopi Robusta, elevasi, pengolahan, kandungan kimia, citarasaRobusta coffee was grown in Indonesia at diverse agro-climatic conditions and altitudes, so it potentially to develop of high quality Robusta coffee with a distinctive flavor and aroma. Research was conducted on smallholder plantations in Lampung Province from January to December 2013. The objective of this study was to analyze the quality and flavor of Robusta coffee developed at different elevation in Lampung Province, in order to identify the most appropriate elevation for Robusta coffee to have the best quality and flavor. Research was use completely randomized design with three replications and two factors. The first factor is altitude: (1) 200; (2) 400; (3) and 600 (4) 800 m above sea level, while the second factor is the processing technique: (1) wet; and (2) dry processing. Variables tested were levels of caffeine, protein, fat and ash as well as cup quality. The results showed that the higher of elevation the higher of caffein and fat contents. Moreover, wet processing of Lampung Robusta Coffee gave higher cup quality compared to dry processing.

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Performance of purslane biomass production (Portulaca oleracea) under different organic substrate concentrations

Peruvian Agricultural Research ◽

10.51431/par.v1i2.579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

J. Elias de Olvidera ◽

J. Barboza Pereira ◽

Ch. G. Da Silva ◽

A. Das Graças Teixeira ◽

L. Pin Dalvi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Organic Substrate ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Substrate Concentrations

Objectives: To evaluate different concentrations based on cattle manure as an alternative in purslane production. Methodology: The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering of the Federal University of Espirito Santo in Alegre, ES/ Brazil. The experimental arrangement used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments consisted of distinct dosages of the substrate based on cattle manure (0 mL; 125 mL; 250 mL; 500 mL and 1000 mL), which were applied in 5 L of soil, considered as an experimental unit. Root dry mass and aerial dry mass were evaluated. Results: Application of 500 mL of cattle manure provided a higher accumulation of shoot dry mass (25 g/plant). For root dry mass, there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Under the conditions of the present work, it is concluded that the use of organic manure with cattle manure is viable.Keywords: Organic fertilization, fertilization levels, cattle manure; dry weight.

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ADIÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS ORGÂNICOS EM SUBSTRATO COMERCIAL PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE TOMATE

Colloquium Agrariae ◽

10.5747/ca.2018.v14.n3.a240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 179-186

Author(s):

Rogério Nunes Gonçalves ◽

Tiago Rodrigues de Sousa ◽

Marina da Costa Guerrero ◽

Daniela Gonçalves Rosa ◽

Gisele Carneiro da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Compounds ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

The Other ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Castor Cake

This study aimed to evaluate the formation of tomato seedlings cv. Santa Cruz Kada(Paulista)with the merger in the commercial substrate of organic compounds in different proportions. The design was a completely randomized design, with four replications. The treatments were formed from the combination of the mixture of commercial substratewith castor cake, cattle manure and aviary bed. Regarding the treatments, which presented averages significantly superior to the other was the mixture of 25% cattle manure and 75% commercial substratefor the production of tomato seedlings.

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Envelope method for the germination test of Mombasa grass

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3supl1p2041 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2041-2048

Author(s):

Tatiane Sanches Jeromini ◽

◽

Murilo Petrassi Botassini ◽

Renato Téo de Barros ◽

Cibele Chalita Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traditional Method ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Germination Test ◽

High Quality ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Seed Analysis ◽

Envelope Method ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The Rules for Seed Analysis reports the use of a paper envelope to allow use of the germination test with small seeds but does not provide any method or use recommendation. As Mombasa grass has high quality and commercial importance, the objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the envelope method in the germination test of Mombasa grass seeds, with the aim of achieving greater result accuracy and improvement of seed quality analysis processes in laboratories. The germination of eight lots of Mombasa grass seeds was evaluated with two sowing methods (on paper and in paper envelope). The moisture content and the first germination count were also determined. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design. The data were analyzed in a 2 x 8 factor scheme (sowing methods x lots), with four repetitions. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the F test and when significant, treatment means were compared using the Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Results showed that the envelope method is efficient for the germination test of Mombasa grass seeds and can be easily used by seed analysis laboratories, as it present results equivalent or superior to those obtained using the traditional method on paper, while occupying only 2/5 of the germination chamber space used in the conventional method.

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