scholarly journals Effects of plant population and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and efficiency of maize-bean intercropping

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1257-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Balbino Morgado ◽  
Robert William Willey
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Bean Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Basic Parameters

Nitrogen supply and plant population are basic parameters for cereal-legume intercropping. In order to study plant population and nitrogen fertilizer effects on yield and yield efficiency of maize-bean intercropping, a field experiment was established. Three bean plant populations and three nitrogen levels were used. Maize dry matter accumulation decreased with increases in bean plant population. Competitive effect of intercrop beans on maize yields was high at higher plant populations, being decreased by nitrogen fertilizer; application of 50 kg ha-1 N was very efficient in increasing maize cob yield. Intercropping significantly decreased harvest index of beans in all plant population and nitrogen fertilizer situations. The efficiency of intercropping, compared to sole cropping, was evidenced by the values obtained for Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) for biomass, cob and pod yields that increased with increases in bean plant populations and nitrogen fertilizer levels.

Effects of Irrigation, Nitrogen Levels, and Plant Population on Corn Yields in Lajas Valley, P. R.

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Roberto Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Active Root

Three field experiments using three irrigation, three nitrogen, and three plant-population levels were conducted at Lajas Substation in order to determine the effect of irrigation in combination with nitrogen fertilizer and different plant populations on the production of field corn. "Frequently irrigated" plots were irrigated when 20 percent of the available moisture had been depleted from the active root zone, "intermediately irrigated" plots when the depletion was 60 percent, and "nonirrigated" plots were used as a check. The nitrogen levels tested were 0, 80, and 160 pounds per acre, and the plant-population levels were 9,600, 14,500, and 19,400 plants per acre.

scholarly journals Responses of Root Characteristic Parameters and Plant Dry Matter Accumulation, Distribution and Transportation to Nitrogen Levels for Spring Maize in Northeast China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Chunrong Qian ◽  
Wanrong Gu ◽  
Caifeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Transport

Improving nitrogen use efficiency is a significant scientific problem to be solved. Two maize hybrids JD27 (Jidan 27) and SD19 (Sidan 19) were selected to study the effects of nitrogen levels on root characteristic parameters and plant dry matter accumulation, distribution and transportation. We set five different nitrogen levels, which were nitrogen deficiency (000N), low nitrogen (075N), medium nitrogen (150N), high nitrogen (225N) and excessive nitrogen (300N). The results showed that the root length and root surface area of JD27 were significantly higher than those of SD19 under 075N. With the increase of nitrogen levels, the root difference among varieties gradually decreased. The root length, projection area, total surface area and total volume reached the maximum values at silking stage. The average root diameter kept stable or decreased slowly with the growth stage. The dry matter accumulation of JD27 was higher than that of SD19 at all growth stages. Increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the transport of dry matter to grain and improve dry matter transport efficiency after anthesis. Under the treatment of medium and high nitrogen fertilizer, maize was easy to obtain a higher yield, but excessive nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the increase of yield. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for maize production techniques.

Yield-density relationships and optimum plant populations in two cultivars of solid-seeded dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Adrian M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Density Relationship

There is relatively little agronomic information on solid-seeded production of dry bean in western Canada. Recommended seeding density for dry bean can depend on the growth habit of the plant, the yield–density relationship, percent emergence, seed cost and environment. The objective of this study was to determine the yield–density relationships in two determinate bush type cultivars of dry bean and the optimum plant population under solid-seeded production in Saskatchewan. CDC Camino, a late-season pinto bean and CDC Expresso, a medium-season-length black bean were the cultivars evaluated. In most sites, the yield-density relationship of the cultivars was asymptotic and an optimum plant density for maximum yield could not be determined. Camino generally required a lower plant population to reach a given yield than Expresso. Increasing plant population did not affect 1000-seed weight. Higher seeding rate did result in a greater number of seeds produced m-2, with Expresso having a greater increase in seed produced m-2 compared with Camino. Expresso was required to be at higher plant densities than Camino to maximize economic returns. This reflects the differences between cultivars in yield-density relationship and seed cost, as Camino has a heavier 1000-seed weight than Expresso. Saskatchewan bean growers wishing to maximize profit should target plant populations for Expresso and Camino of approximately 50 and 25 plants m-2, respectively. Key words: Saskatchewan, yield components, non-linear regression, seeding rate, narrow rows, solid-seeded

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATES TO GRASS ON FORAGE YIELDS, BODY WEIGHT GAINS, FEED UTILIZATION, AND VITAMIN A STATUS OF STEERS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. T. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Liver Vitamin

The dry matter yield of grass forage was increased linearly with nitrogen fertilizer levels of zero, 56, and 112 kg per hectare applied annually in the spring of 1961, 1962, and 1963. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the nutritive value of mature grass forage as indicated by voluntary dry matter intake and body weight gains of beef steers. The apparent digestibility of crude protein increased and that of dry matter and nitrogen-free extract decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Digestibility of crude fiber and ether extract were not altered significantly by nitrogen levels. Forage-carotenes sustained relatively high liver vitamin A levels over a 100-day feeding period. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the rate of liver vitamin A depletion.

scholarly journals PLANT SPACING AND NITROGEN INFLUENCE ON STRAWBERRY GROWTH AND FRUITING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 399c-399
Author(s):  
Elden J. Stang ◽  
Gavin G. Weis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Population ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Available N ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Population Effects

`Raritan' and `Guardian' strawberry were grown in the matted row system with controlled plant densities of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 plants/0.09m2 for comparison to a non-thinned matted row averaging 9 plants/0.09m2. Nitrogen treatments were superimposed on plant spacings at 3 week intervals in preharvest and postharvest applications. Total seasonal available N was 0, 36, 54 and 76 kg/ha. Fruit yield per plant decreased as plant population increased. Berry size declined with increased plant population but number of fruit per plant was not influenced. For both cultivars, plant populations of 4 to 5 plants/0.09m2 resulted in maximum fruit yield. Number of branch crowns for all treatments was 2.5-3.5/plant in the second growing season. Branch crown numbers were reduced with higher plant populations. N effects were independent of plant population effects and did not compensate for lower yields at low plant populations in more or larger berries. Optimum water management may be more important than N fertilizer in determing strawberry plant growth and yield.

The influence of plant population on the yield of cotton at Katherine, N.T

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Phillips ◽  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Optimum Population ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Combined Data

In 1957-58 and 1958-59, cotton was grown under dryland conditions on Tippera clay loam at Katherine, N.T., at plant populations of 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 thousand plants per acre, under three nitrogen fertilizer treatments and at two dates of planting. In 1960-61, cotton was grown at 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 thousand plants per acre at one date of planting and at a standard nitrogen fertilizer level. The 1957-58 and 1958-59 results showed that 8, 16, and 32 thousand plants per acre gave a higher yield of seed cotton than 4 and 64 thousand plants per acre, with no interaction between population and nitrogen fertilizers. No significant yield differences were recorded in 1960-61. The combined data indicated an optimum population of 8 to 32 thousand plants per acre, with only a 5 per cent yield difference across the population range. High populations encouraged early boll development.

scholarly journals Optimum plant population for maize-bean intercropping system in the Brazilian semi-arid region

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Balbino Morgado ◽  
Robert William Willey
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Establishment of the ideal number of plant is a crucial point for obtaining maximum profits while cropping different species together. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different plant populations of maize and beans, at two nitrogen levels, on the performance of the component crops. Two maize (20,000 and 40,000 plants ha¹) and three bean (30,000; 60,000 and 90,000 plants ha¹) populations were tested in a randomized complete block design with tree replicates. Grain yields of maize and beans were affected by intercropping and the effect was more detrimental to the legume mainly at the highest maize plant population. The application of nitrogen fertilizer to maize rows mitigated intercropping effect on maize at higher population (40,000 plants ha¹) and, at lower maize plant population (20,000 plants ha¹), benefited the associated beans by increasing grain yields. Land Equivalent Ratio values for grain yields of maize and beans showed that intercropping compared to sole cropping is advantageous and best indices were obtained at a bean plant population of 60,000 plants ha¹.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, plant population and irrigation on sugar beet: I. Yields

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Fertilizer Plant

SUMMARYFive experiments (1965–9) on calcareous sandy loam tested all combinations of four amounts of nitrogen (0–1·8 cwt/acre N) and four plant populations (8000–54 000 plants/ acre) given to sugar beet grown with and without irrigation. On average, nitrogen and plant population influenced yields greatly but irrigation relatively little. In all years between 0·6 and 1·2 cwt/acre N and between 17000 and 32000 plants/acre gave largest sugar yield. Giving more nitrogen or increasing the plant population neither increased nor decreased sugar yield much in any year. Irrigation was beneficial in only two out of five years.Sugar yield was linearly related to root dry-matter yield. Although total dry matter was greatest when the largest plant population was given the largest dressing of nitrogen and irrigation, the proportion of dry matter in the roots was decreased by all three factors.

Sorghum-pigeonpea intercropping and the effects of plant population density

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Natarajan ◽  
R. W. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

SummaryThe use of growth resources is examined in an intercropping combination of early sorghum (82 days) and later-maturing pigeonpea (173 days) in a row arrangement of 2 sorghum: 1 pigeonpea.Prior to sorghum harvest, light interception by the intercrop combination was almost as high as sole sorghum. After sorghum harvest, light interception by the remaining pigeonpea was very poor and it is suggested that pigeonpea yield could be increased with higher plant population density and better plant distribution. Soil water measurements indicated that this would increase the amount of water being transpired through the crop but would not increase the total evapotranspiration demand. Higher nutrient concentrations in the intercrop pigeonpea compared with sole pigeonpea during this post-sorghum period suggested that yield of intercrop pigeonpea was not limited by nutrient stress, though the total uptake of nutrients by both crops was much greater from intercropping than sole cropping.

Optimising maize plant population and irrigation strategies on the Darling Downs using the APSIM crop simulation model

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Peake ◽  
M. J. Robertson ◽  
R. J. Bidstrup
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Crop Simulation ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Irrigation Volume

Optimum plant population and irrigation strategies for maize grown in the Dalby district of the Darling Downs in Queensland, Australia, were investigated using the APSIM crop simulation model. After testing the model against three seasons of experimental data, simulation experiments using different irrigation strategies were conducted across a range of plant populations ranging from 20 000 to 80 000 plants/ha, on two soil types with plant available water capacities (PAWC) of 146 mm and 220 mm. All soil type × plant population × irrigation strategy scenarios were simulated using the historical climate record for Dalby from 1889 to 2004, in order to obtain long-term average yield and gross margins (LGM) for each scenario. Soil water was reset to two-thirds of PAWC at sowing in each year. Plant populations required to achieve maximum LGMs ranged from 50 000 to 80 000 plants/ha across the range of scenarios, and were higher than currently recommended by district agronomists for partially irrigated maize. The use of higher plant populations increased season-to-season variability in grain yield and gross margins and may not be a suitable strategy for growers who do not want to increase their risk of crop failure. Partially irrigated maize achieved substantially higher gross margins in years where a positive Southern Oscillation Index phase was recorded in August, and the use of higher plant populations in such years also increased long-term profitability, but also increased the risk of crop failure. Economic gains were achieved by varying the timing and amount of irrigation within a limited available irrigation volume, with a single 100 mm irrigation giving greater LGMs than two 50 mm irrigation events on both soil types, when the irrigation events were scheduled to fill a soil water deficit equal to the effective irrigation volume. However, under full irrigation the use of smaller irrigation volumes increased LGMs on the 146 mm PAWC soil, demonstrating the importance of timely irrigation scheduling on low PAWC soils.

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