scholarly journals Use of solaria to predict weed density and floristic composition in no-till cropping systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Antonio Calviño ◽  
Juan José Eyherabide
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Setaria Verticillata ◽  
Ammi Majus

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of a new method, developed for predicting density and floristic composition of weed communities in field crops. Based on the use of solaria (100 mm transparent plastic tarps lying on the soil) to stimulate weed seedlings emergence, the method was tested in Tandil, Argentina, from 1998 to 2001. The system involved corn and sunflower in commercial no-till system. Major weeds in the experiments included Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria verticillata and S. viridis, which accounted for 98% of the weed community in the three years of experiments since 1998. Large numbers of Tagetes minuta, Chenopodium album and Ammi majus were present in 2001. Comparison of weed communities under solaria with communities in field crops indicated that the method is useful for predicting the presence and density of some major weed species, at both high and low densities, of individuals in areas of 10 ha using only five solaria. Low density of weed species makes the method particularly useful to help deciding the time for herbicide applications to avoid soil contamination.

scholarly journals Weed Phytosociological and Floristic Survey in Agricultural Areas of Southwestern Goiás Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANTOS W.F. ◽  
PROCÓPIO S.O. ◽  
SILVA A.G. ◽  
FERNANDES M.F. ◽  
BARROSO A.L.L.
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Floristic Survey ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
West Region ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The use of the Roundup Ready(r) technology and the cultivation of a second crop influence the floristic composition of weed communities in Brazilian Central-West region cropping systems. This study has aimed to diagnose the dominant weed species in southwestern Goiás in areas of genetically-modified and conventional soybeans, using phytosociological and floristic surveys. Weed sampling was obtained by collecting all the plants present within a 0.5 m hollow frame, randomly thrown 20 times in each of thirty-five agricultural areas in the 2012/2013 harvest. Field survey was carried out in three periods: before desiccation for soybean sowing, before postemergence herbicide in soybean first application and before postemergence herbicide application in late harvest. A total of 525 m2 was inventoried and 3,219 weeds were collected, which included 79 species, 58 genera and 28 families. Families Poaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, were the most representative in the survey. Species Cenchrus echinatus, Glycine max, Chamaesyce hirta, Commelina benghalensis, and Alternanthera tenella stood out in importance. The RR+millet soybean treatment had the highest number of species (44), while the conventional soybean + sorghum treatment had the lowest number of species (18). The highest number of species was recorded in first sampling period. Treatments conventional soybean + maize and conventional soybean + millet showed higher similarity (70%), while treatments RR soybean + millet and conventional soybean + sorghum showed the least (51%). Species of difficult control were recorded in all cultivation systems analyzed.

scholarly journals Effect of Crop Residues on Weed Emergence

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nebojša Nikolić ◽  
Donato Loddo ◽  
Roberta Masin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Field Quantity ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
No Till

Weed behaviour in crop fields has been extensively studied; nevertheless, limited knowledge is available for particular cropping systems, such as no-till systems. Improving weed management under no-till conditions requires an understanding of the interaction between crop residues and the seedling emergence process. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of maize and wheat residues, applied in three different quantities (1, the field quantity, 0.5, and 1.5-fold amounts of the field quantity), on the emergence of eight weed species: Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria pumila, Sonchus oleraceus, and Sorghum halepense. The experiment was conducted over two consecutive years. The results showed that the quantities 1 and 1.5 could suppress seedling emergence by 20 and 44%, respectively, while the quantity 0.5 seems to promote emergence by 22% compared with the control without residues. Weed species showed different responses to crop residues, from C. album showing 56% less emergence to S. halepense showing a 44% higher emergence than the control without residues. Different meteorological conditions in the two-year experiment also exhibited a significant influence on weed species emergence.

Eliminating soil disturbance reduces post-alfalfa summer annual weed populations

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Ominski ◽  
M. H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Ecology ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
No Till ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Brassica Kaber

The influence of method (tillage vs. no-till) and time of year of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) termination on the population of naturally occurring weeds was assessed over three site-years in southern Manitoba. Termination method was found to be more important than timing. Populations of weeds such as green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), wild mustard [Brassica kaber (DC) L.C. Wheeler] and lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album L.) were usually lower (P < 0.05) in the undisturbed (i.e., no-till) system, compared to where tillage was used. It was concluded that the combination of alfalfa in rotation and no-till management can provide significant weed control benefits to cropping systems. Key words: Weed ecology, no-till cropping, forages

scholarly journals Weed Community in a Conventionally-Grown Olive Orchard Vs. Weed Community in Consociation with Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip.)

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Edita Štefanić ◽  
◽  
Vesna Kovačević ◽  
Lea Jakovljević ◽  
Urška Kosić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Olive Orchard ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Tanacetum Cinerariifolium ◽  
The One ◽  
Experimental Plots

On the experimental plots of the Institute of Agriculture and Tourism in Poreč, weed communities were analyzed in a conventionally‐grown olive orchard and in consociation with pyrethrum. Phytocenological surveys were conducted in March, June, and September using the Braun-Blanquet Cover Abundance Scale. Altogether, 54 species of vascular plants were recognized in both orchards. However, in a conventionally‐grown olive orchard, 27 were identified, whereas 42 weed species were identified in consociation with pyrethrum. Only 15 weeds were common to both orchards. Between both olive orchards, significant differences existed regarding the floristic and community diversity metrics. In consociation with pyrethrum as a cover crop, olive orchard had a more stable weed community during the season, while two weed species, Mercurialis annuua L. and Medicago arabica (L.) Huds., dominated in a conventionally‐grown orchard in the fall. The weed communities in both orchards significantly differ considering the appearance season (spring, summer, and fall). An autumnal weed community in a conventionally‐grown olive orchard was more diverse, more abundant, and with a more distinct floristic composition than a weed community in the spring and summer periods. However, an olive‐orchard weed community in consociation with pyrethrum also differed regarding the season, but a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) demonstrated a clear separation of a more diverse estival weed community than the one observed in the spring and summer.

Weed Communities in Strip-Tillage Corn/No-Tillage Soybean Rotation and Chisel-Plow Corn Systems after 10 Years of Variable Management

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-661
Author(s):  
Nathaniel M. Drewitz ◽  
David E. Stoltenberg
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
Strip Tillage

AbstractPrevious research has shown that strip-tillage (ST) systems conserve soil, reduce production costs, and save time for growers compared with intensive-tillage systems. In contrast to these well-documented benefits, we have limited information on weed community dynamics and management risks in ST corn (Zea maysL.) production systems in the northern Corn Belt. Therefore, we conducted research in 2015 and 2016 to characterize weed community composition, emergence patterns, and aboveground productivity in an ST corn/no-tillage (NT) soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] rotation that was established in 2007 compared with a long-term intensive-tillage chisel-plow (CP) continuous-corn system. Fifteen or more weed species were identified in nontreated quadrats in each cropping system in each year. Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) was the most abundant weed species across systems and years.Chenopodium albumdensities were similar between CP and ST corn phases and were approximately 2-fold greater compared with the NT soybean phase. Other abundant weed species occurred at much lower densities thanC. album. In each year, cumulative emergence of nontreated weed communities was described best by a logistic function in each cropping system. Maximum weed community emergence was greater in CP corn than ST corn phases in 2015, but did not differ in 2016. In the ST corn phase, most (about 75%) weed community emergence occurred in the in-row (tilled) zone compared with the between-row (nondisturbed) zone. Total late-season weed shoot biomass did not differ between nontreated CP and ST corn phases in either year, withC. albumaccounting for >85% of total weed biomass in these phases. These results suggest that weed community composition, total emergence, and productivity were similar between CP and ST corn phases after 10 yr. Our findings, coupled with previous research that showed favorable agronomic performance and greater soil conservation associated with the long-term ST corn/NT soybean system, suggest that production risks are no greater than a CP corn system, while processes that underpin ecosystem services are enhanced. These results provide strong evidence to support grower adoption of ST practices as an alternative to intensive tillage.

Assessment of crop and weed management strategies prior to introduction of auxin-resistant crops in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maxwel C. Oliveira ◽  
Anelise Lencina ◽  
André R. Ulguim ◽  
Rodrigo Werle
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Research Education ◽  
No Till

Abstract A stakeholder survey was conducted from April through June of 2018 to understand stakeholders’ perceptions and challenges about cropping systems and weed management in Brazil. The dominant crops managed by survey respondents were soybean (73%) and corn (66%). Approximately 75% of survey respondents have grown or managed annual cropping systems with two to three crops per year cultivated in succession. Eighteen percent of respondents manage only irrigated cropping systems, and over 60% of respondents adopt no-till as a standard practice. According to respondents, the top five troublesome weed species in Brazilian cropping systems are horseweed (asthmaweed, Canadian horseweed, and tall fleabane), sourgrass, morningglory, goosegrass, and dayflower (Asiatic dayflower and Benghal dayflower). Among the nine species documented to have evolved resistance to glyphosate in Brazil, horseweed and sourgrass were reported as the most concerning weeds. Other than glyphosate, 31% and 78% of respondents, respectively, manage weeds resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors and/or acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Besides herbicides, 45% of respondents use mechanical, and 75% use cultural (e.g., no-till, crop rotation/succession) weed control strategies. Sixty-one percent of survey respondents adopt cover crops to some extent to suppress weeds and improve soil chemical and physical properties. Nearly 60% of survey respondents intend to adopt the crops that are resistant to dicamba or 2,4-D when available. Results may help practitioners, academics, industry, and policy makers to better understand the bad and the good of current cropping systems and weed management practices adopted in Brazil, and to adjust research, education, technologies priorities, and needs moving forward.

scholarly journals Differentiation of arable field weed communities in the northern part of the Silesian Upland (S Poland)

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Beata Węgrzynek
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Character Species ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Arable Field ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
S Poland

Differentiation of arable field weed communities in the northern part of the Silesian Upland (S Poland) The purpose of this paper is to present the role of the selected species (i.e. associations character species, endangered as well as the most expansive weeds) in arable field communities in the area of the Tarnowskie Góry Ridge and the Chełm, two mesoregions of the Silesian Upland (southern Poland). On the basis of 750 phytosociological relevés taken using the method of Braun-Blanquet (Braun-Blanquet 1964) between 1995 and 2009, eight weed associations as well as numerous rump communities were distinguished. Phytocoenoses without a significant contribution of the association character species comprised about 68% of the patches analysed in the cereal crop and about 12% of the communities established in the root plant crop. Very often the character species of cereal weed associations occurred sporadically or in small numbers. Some expansive weeds (e.g. Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv., Avena fatua L., A. xvilis Wallr., Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Elymus repens L., Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S. F. Blake, G. parviflora Cav.) played an important role in the communities analysed. The vanishing of some weed species and the spread of others has resulted in the transformation of the composition and structure of the segetal communities, a vast majority of rare and endangered weed species in the studied area are considered to be very sensitive to modern agriculture methods, e.g. chemicalization, introduction of new crop cultivars, effective cleaning of seed materials, drainage etc. (Siciński 1998; Warcholińska 1998).

scholarly journals Weed communities and wheat yield are modified by cropping systems and climate conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Seipel ◽  
Suzanne L. Ishaq ◽  
Fabian D. Menalled
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
The Impact

SummaryUnderstanding the impact of biological and environmental stresses on crop performance is essential to secure the long-term sustainability of agricultural production. How cropping systems modify weed communities and wheat yield in response to predicted climate conditions is unknown. We tested the effect of warmer, and warmer and drier conditions on weed biomass, weed community characteristics, and winter wheat yields in three contrasting cropping systems: a no-till chemically managed system, a tilled organic system, and an organic system that used grazing to reduce tillage. Weed communities in the organic systems were more diverse and more variable than the no-till conventional system, though the grazed organic and no-till conventional systems had more similar relative species abundance. Cropping system affected weed biomass and weed species composition recorded in 0.75 m2 split-plots, with the most biomass recorded in grazed organic system (38 g ±23.4 SE) compared to the tilled-organic (17 g ±10.3 SE) and no-till chemically managed systems (<1 g ±0.02). Climate conditions had relatively minor impacts on weed communities compared with cropping systems. Wheat yield was highest in the no-till conventional system but declined in response to warmer and drier conditions despite its low weed biomass. Yield was lower in the tilled organic and grazed organic cropping system but declines in warmer and drier conditions were more variable among years. In the Northern Great Plains, predicted climate scenarios have the potential to alter weed communities and reduce wheat yield, and designing resilient cropping systems is essential to mitigate these negative impacts.

scholarly journals Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia IV: weeds

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Raimo Kauppila
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
First Year ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Grass Ley

At Suitia, Southern Finland, weed populations in different crop rotations at conventional and organic cropping systems were investigated in 1982—1988. The number of weeds and the dry matter yields of weeds were greater in organic cropping (on average 324 weeds/m2 and 425 kg DM/ha) compared to conventional cropping (94 weeds/m2 and 61 kg DM/ha). There were least weeds in the conventionally cultivated ley. The first year, clover ley in organic cropping prevented the growth of weeds as well as the grass ley in conventional cropping. Overwintering damages in organically cultivated leys increased the amounts of weeds in the following ley years. Organically cultivated winter wheat reduced the amount and weight of weeds almost as well as conventionally cultivated winter wheat although its biomass was three-fourths of the conventionally cultivated winter wheat. The biomass of organically cultivated barley later on in the rotations was only one-fifth of the conventionally cultivated barley and had five times more weeds. In conventional cropping, the number of weeds in almost all weed species was decreased or stayed at the same level during the experiment. In organic cropping, the number of most weeds in weed species increased from the level for 1982. Most increased Stellaria media, Fallopio convolvulus, Lamium sp and Chenopodium album.

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