scholarly journals The number and profile of reactive NADH-d and NADPH-d neurons of myenteric plexus of six-month-old rats are different in the cecum portions

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizangela A. Silva ◽  
Maria R.M. Natali ◽  
Isaura M.M. Prado
Keyword(s):  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Nadh Diaphorase ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Profile Area

Whole-mount preparations were prepared and submitted to NADH-diaphorase and NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry techniques. The myenteric plexus arrangement and the number of neurons were comparatively evaluated among the different portions of the cecum. The neurons from the apical and basal regions were distributed in classes at intervals of 100µm², the means of the corresponding intervals being compared. The ganglia, in both techniques, were often connected by fine bundles, which became thicker in the mesenteric region and in the region next to the cecal ampulla. The number of positive NADH-d neurons was higher than that of NADPH-d neurons in all portions, from both regions. The numbers of reactive NADH-d e NADPH-d neurons were significantly different among the different portions of the cecum, except for the antimesenteric basal and intermediate basal regions, considering the NADH-d neurons. The profile area for the reactive NADH-d e NADPH-d neurons was higher in the apical region than in the basal area. Differences in arrangement, distribution and size of positive NADH-d e NADPH-d neurons in the different cecum portions evidenced the importance of the subdivision of the analyzed organ.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of the neurons from the myenteric plexus in the ileum of rats submitted to severe protein deficiency

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (2a) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neide Martins Moreira ◽  
Catchia Hermes ◽  
Carla Simone Leite de Almeida ◽  
Evelyne Cruz Santana ◽  
Débora de Mello Gonçales Sant'Ana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Length Reduction ◽  
Experimental Group

The effects of protein malnutrition on the quantitative aspects of the myenteric plexus in the ileum of adult Rattus norvegicus were assessed. Thirty 90-day-old rats were divided into two groups: Control Group (CG, n=15) and Experimental Group (EG, n=15). The CG received 26% protein chow and the EG received 4% protein chow for 90 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals from the CG weighed 369.63±26.33, and the ones from the EG 215.34±56.31. The ileum was submitted to Giemsa, NADH- and NADPH-diaphorase technique in order to evidence nervous cells in the whole-mount preparations. Animals from the EG presented a 41.75% body weight loss in relation to the CG as well as 17.6% length reduction for the ileum-jejunum. Moreover, the organ was 41% lighter for the EG. Giemsa-stained neurons were 17.02% more concentrated in the EG (p>0.05). NADH-diaphorase-stained neurons were 26.6% more concentrated in the EG (p<0.05), while the NADPH-diaphorase were 26.28% more concentrated in this group (p<0.05).

scholarly journals Regional differences in the number and type of myenteric neurons in the descending colon of rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 61 (2A) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo José de Almeida Araújo ◽  
Débora de Mello Gonçales Sant'Ana ◽  
Sônia Lucy Molinari ◽  
Marcílio Hubner de Miranda Neto
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Intermediate Region ◽  
Neuronal Density ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Nadh Diaphorase ◽  
Descending Colon ◽  
Whole Mounts

The purpose of this study was to analyze the neuronal density of the myenteric plexus of the intermediate and antimesocolic regions of the descending colon of rats. Whole-mounts were stained with three different techniques of neuronal evidenciation. Through counts of the number of neurons in an area of 6.64 mm² under light microscopy, we found 1,271 ± 227.54 neurons with Giemsa in the intermediate region and 1,234 ± 225.92 neurons in the antimesocolic region; with the NADH-diaphorase technique we found 530 ± 92.97 neurons in the intermediate region and 539 ± 146.72 neurons in the antimesocolic region; and through the NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, we found 417 ± 34.42 neurons in the intermediate region and 547 ± 84.01 neurons in the antimesocolic region. We conclude that there is a variation in the density of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons in the intestinal circumference; that the NADH-diaphorase positive neuronal subpopulation represented 42.7% of that stained with Giemsa; and that the NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons represented 37.8% of the whole myenteric population.

scholarly journals Quantitative study of the myenteric plexus of the stomach of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2001 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Elena Prado Teles Fregonesi ◽  
Marcílio Hubner de Miranda-Neto ◽  
Sônia Lucy Molinari ◽  
Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Nadh Diaphorase ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the morphological and quantitative alterations of the myenteric plexus neurons of the stomach of rats with streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetes and compare them to those of non-diabetic animals. Samples from the body of the stomach were used for whole-mount preparations stained with NADH-diaphorase and for histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. It was observed that diabetes cause a significant decrease on the number of neurons.

scholarly journals Effect of protein and vitamin B deficiency on the morpho-quantitative aspects of the myenteric plexus of the descending colon of adult rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 61 (2A) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo José de Almeida Araújo ◽  
Débora de Mello Gonçales Sant'Ana ◽  
Sônia Lucy Molinari ◽  
Marcílio Hubner de Miranda Neto
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Nadh Diaphorase ◽  
Descending Colon ◽  
Vitamin B Deficiency

We carried out this work with the purpose of studying the effects of protein and vitamin B deficiency on the morphologic and quantitative aspects of the myenteric plexus of the descending colon of adult Rattus norvegicus. Twenty-eight rats were divided in two groups, one of them receiving chow with 22% protein level (control) and the other fed with chow having 8% protein level without vitamin B supplementation, during 120 days. Whole-mounts of the descending colon were prepared and stained with Giemsa, NADH-diaphorase and NADPH-diaphorase. The undernourished rats had a body weight 11.84% less than the control group. Relative to the controls, the experimental group had a colonic area 48% smaller, 51.9% less Giemsa-stained neurons, 28.3% less NADH-diaphorase positive neurons and 24.2% less NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons.

Differential projection of cholinergic and nitroxidergic neurons in the myenteric plexus of guinea pig stomach

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. G186-G195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schemann ◽  
C. Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Descending Neurons ◽  
Nitroxidergic Neurons ◽  
Guinea Pig Stomach ◽  
Descending Projections

The aim of this study was to investigate the organization of myenteric circuits in the guinea pig stomach. Intracellular neurobiotin injections followed by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry and NADPH-diaphorase reaction were used to identify projections of cholinergic and nitroxidergic neurons. Neurons were classified as motor neurons based on varicose endings in the muscle or the occurrence of retraction bulbs, as nonmotor neurons if varicose endings terminated onto other ganglion cells, or as multitargeted neurons. ChAT-positive cells are composed of 64% motor, 27% nonmotor, and 9% multitargeted neurons. The percentages for NADPH-reactive motor, nonmotor, and multitargeted neurons were 57, 39, and 4%, respectively. The majority of ChAT-positive motor (81%) and nonmotor neurons (85%) had ascending projections. In contrast, the majority of NADPH-reactive motor (86%) and nonmotor neurons (86%) had descending projections. Cell bodies of ascending neurons were smaller in size than the descending neurons. The results indicate that ChAT- and NADPH-neurons in the stomach have preferred projections, the former being primarily ascending, the latter mainly descending neurons. This suggests the existence of a basic circuit for polarized reflexes in the myenteric plexus of the stomach, which might mediate descending relaxation and ascending excitation.

Food restriction prevents age-related polyuria by vasopressin-dependent recruitment of aquaporin-2

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (6) ◽  
pp. F1123-F1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Combet ◽  
L. Teillet ◽  
G. Geelen ◽  
B. Pitrat ◽  
R. Gobin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Restriction ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Aquaporin 2 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chronic Food Restriction

First published August 8, 2001; 10.1152/ajprenal.00139.2001.—The mechanisms underlying the prevention of age-related polyuria by chronic food restriction were investigated in female WAG/Rij rats. The decreased osmolality of renal papilla observed in senescent rats was not corrected by food restriction. A reduced urea content in the inner medulla of senescent rats, fed ad libitum or food-restricted, was suggested by the marked decrease in expression of UT-A1 and UT-B1 urea transporters. Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) downregulation in the inner medulla of senescent rats was partially prevented by food restriction. Both AQP2 and the phosphorylated form of AQP2 (p-AQP2), the presence of which was diffuse within the cytoplasm of collecting duct principal cells in normally fed senescent rats, were preferentially targeted at the apical region of the cells in food-restricted senescent animals. Plasma vasopressin (AVP) was similar in 10- and 30-mo-old rats fed ad libitum, but was doubled in food-restricted 30-mo-old rats. This study indicates that 1) kidney aging is associated with a marked decrease in AQP2, UT-A1, and UT-B1 expression in the inner medulla and a reduced papillary osmolality; and 2) the prevention of age-related polyuria by chronic food restriction occurs through an improved recruitment of AQP2 and p-AQP2 to the apical membrane in inner medulla principal cells, permitted by increased plasma AVP concentration.

scholarly journals Notable postnatal alterations in the myenteric plexus of normal human bowel

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Wester ◽  
D S O’Briain ◽  
P Puri
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Oxide Synthase

BACKGROUNDNitric oxide is the most important transmitter in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves in the human gastrointestinal tract. Impaired nitrergic innervation has been described in Hirschsprung’s disease, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND). Recent findings indicate that hyperganglionosis, one of the major criteria of IND, is age dependent. However, information is scanty regarding the neurone density in normal human bowel in the paediatric age group.AIMSTo determine neurone density, morphology, and nitric oxide synthase distribution of the normal myenteric plexus at different ages during infancy and childhood.METHODSSpecimens were obtained from small bowel and colon in 20 children, aged one day to 15 years, at postmortem examination. Whole mount preparations were made of the myenteric plexus, which were subsequently stained using NADPH diaphorase histochemistry (identical to nitric oxide synthase) and cuprolinic blue (a general neuronal marker). The morphology of the myenteric plexus was described and the neurone density estimated.RESULTSThe myenteric plexus meshwork becomes less dense during the first years of life. The density of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus decreases significantly with age during the first three to four years of life. The NADPH diaphorase positive (nitrergic) subpopulation represents about 34% of all neurones in the myenteric plexus.CONCLUSIONSThe notable decrease in neurone density in the myenteric plexus during the first years of life indicates that development is still an ongoing process in the postnatal enteric nervous system. Applied to the clinical situation, this implies that interpretation of enteric nervous system pathology is dependent on the age of the patient.

Colocalization of nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-diaphorase in the myenteric plexus of the rat gut

1992 ◽  
Vol 143 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Belai ◽  
H.H.H.W. Schmidt ◽  
C.H.V. Hoyle ◽  
C.J.S. Hassall ◽  
M.J. Saffrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Rat Gut

scholarly journals Morphologic and quantitative study of the myenteric neurons of the jejunum of malnourished rats (Rattus norvegicus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 57 (2B) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCÍLIO HUBNER DE MIRANDA NETO ◽  
SONIA LUCY MOLINARI ◽  
SANDRA REGINA STABILLE ◽  
DÉBORA DE MELLO GONÇALES SANT'ANA ◽  
MARIA RAQUEL MARÇAL NATALI
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Quantitative Analyses

We studied the effects of maternal proteic desnutrition on the neurons of the myenteric plexus of the jejunum of rats from Rattus norvegicus species. It was used litters of female rats which received diet with normal proteic level during gestation and lactation (group NN), normal diet during gestation and hypoproteic diet during lactation (group ND); hypoproteic diet during gestation and normal diet during lactation (group DN); hypoproteic diet during both gestation and lactation (group DD). After weaning all the animals received diet of normal proteic level until the 60th day of age, when they were killed. The jejunum of the animals was subjected to whole-mount preparations stained by the method of Giemsa and used for the morphologic and quantitative analyses of the neurons of the myenteric plexus. We verified that maternal proteic malnutrition does not cause decrease on the number of myenteric neurons per unit area of jejunum in rats, but elicits mechanisms which assure that, when the animal again receives normal proteic level diet (22%) there occurs storage of proteic material on the cytoplasm of the neurons, thus rendering them larger and strongly basophylic.

scholarly journals Assessment of NADPH-diaphorase stained myenteric neurons of the jejunum of diabetic rats supplemented with ascorbic acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sônia M. Silverio ◽  
Renata de B. Mari ◽  
Naianne K. Clebis ◽  
Juliana R. Scoz ◽  
Ricardo de M. Germano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Space Organization ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group D ◽  
Profile Area

The relation between hyperglycemia and diabetic neuropathy has already been demonstrated in some studies. Among the theories proposed for its etiology the oxidative stress stands out. The performance of nitric oxide as a link between the metabolic and vascular neuropathogenic factors that triggers the diabetic neuropathy has already been put forward. This study aimed to assess the quantification and measurements of the cell body profile area (CBPA) of NADPH-diaphorase reactive (NADPH-dp) myenteric neurons of the jejunum of diabetic rats (induced by streptozotocin) supplemented with Ascorbic Acid (AA). These changes in the myenteric neurons seem to be related to the gastrointestinal disturbances observed in diabetes mellitus (DM). Twenty male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were distributed in 4 groups (n=5): controls (C), control supplemented (CS), diabetic (D), and diabetic suplemented (DS). DM was induced by estreptozotocin (50mg/kg body wt). One week after the induction and confirmation of the DM (glycemia exam), animals of the groups CS and DS received 50mg of AA three times a week by gavage. After 90 days of experiment, the animals were anesthetized with lethal thiopental dose (40mg/kg) and the collected jejunum processed for the histochemistry NADPH-diaphorase technique. Whole-mount preparations were obtained for quantitative and morphometric analysis of the myenteric neurons. A quantity of jejunum neurons in the Group D (96±7.5) was not different (P>0.05) from Group DS (116±8.08), C (92±9.7), and CS (81±5.4), but in Group DS the quantity was higher (P<0.05) than in Group C and CS. The CBPA of neurons from Group D (189.50±2.68µm²) and DS (195.92±3.75µm²) were lower (P<0.05) than from Group C (225.13±4.37µm²) and CS (210.23±3.15µm²). The streptozotocin-induced DM did not change the jejunum-ileum area, the jejunum myenteric plexus space organization and the density of NADPH-dp neurons. The 50g AA-supplementation, three times a week, during 90 days, did not decrease hyperglycemia; however, it had a neuroprotective effect on the myenteric neurons, minimizing the increase on the CBPA of NADPH-dp neurons and increasing the amount of NADPD-dp neurons.

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