scholarly journals Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 871-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário S.A. Falcão ◽  
Rafael V. Monteiro ◽  
Arianne P. Oriá ◽  
Paula D. Galera
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Palpebral Fissure ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Rebound Tonometry ◽  
Breeding Center ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Conservation Breeding

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to describe the modified Schirmer tear test (mSTT), intraocular pressure (IOP) by rebound tonometry and palpebral fissure length (PFL) in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Thirty-five healthy adult animals from a conservation breeding center in Brazil were used in this study. Modified Schirmer tear test, rebound tonometry and PFL measurements were performed in both eyes, with birds under physical restraint. Mean mSTT was 6.2±0.1mm/min and mean IOP was 6.4±0.1mmHg, while PFL was 10.1±0.1mm. A moderate correlation was seen between mSTT and PFL for OD (ρ=0.14) and OS (ρ=0.20). The results provide ophthalmic tests reference values for A. aestiva.

scholarly journals Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test values in maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 919-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane S. Honsho ◽  
Adriana T. Jorge ◽  
Laura T. Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Paulino-Junior ◽  
Ewaldo Mattos-Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Maned Wolf ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish baseline data on lacrimal quantity (STT-1) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in captive maned wolves. Ten healthy adult maned wolves were contained with a snare pole and muzzle and kept in decubitus of the left side. STT-1 measurement was performed on the lateral third of the lower conjunctival sac for one minute. The cornea was desensitized and intraocular pressure was measured with an tonopen. Average STT-1 in both eyes was 11±5mm.min-1, with no statistical difference between the left and right eye (p=0.960). Average IOP in both eyes was 20±6mmHg, with no statistical difference between the left and right eye (p=0.836). Average STT-1 was lower than, and IOP was the same as normal levels found in dogs. There was no statistical difference in the age of the animals, and STT-1 and IOP values. In the present paper, average maned wolf STT-1 levels were lower compared with those found in dogs, while the IOP was the same in maned wolves as in dogs. Due to the increased incidence in providing emergency care for maned wolf victims of road kill and fires, determination reference values of ocular parameters may improve the correct diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Reference values for intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test in clinically normal Sanjabi sheep

2011 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Selk Ghaffari ◽  
Mohammad Shojaei ◽  
Amin Sabzevari ◽  
Nargess Khorami
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test

scholarly journals Reference values for selected ophthalmic tests of the blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna)

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Sérgio A. Falcão ◽  
Rafael V. Monteiro ◽  
Clarissa M. Carvalho ◽  
Hudson H. de Andrade ◽  
Paula D. Galera
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Palpebral Fissure ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
The Right ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to establish reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in healthy blue-and-yellow macaws. We investigated a total of 35 adult macaws (70 eyes) of undetermined sex and with an average weight of 1 kg, who were living in captivity in the Federal District, Brazil. Tear production using the Schirmer tear test (STT), normal conjunctival flora, intraocular pressure (IOP) using a rebound tonometer and horizontal palpebral fissure length (HPFL) were evaluated. In this study, 84.1% of samples were positive for microbial growth. Bacteria, fungi and yeasts were isolated, and Staphylococcus spp. (21.9%) and Bacillus spp. (26.8%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. The mean value for STT was 7.6±4.6mm/min in the right eye (OD) and 6.6±4.4mm/min in the left eye (OS) (median = 7,11±0,76mm/min). Mean IOP was 11.4±2.5mm Hg OD and 11.6±1.8mm Hg OS (median = 11.49±0.22mm Hg), prior to anesthesia, and 7.6±2.4mm Hg OD and 7.8±1.8mm Hg OS (median 7.71±0.08mmHg) after anesthesia. The IOP was significantly lower when the animals were under anesthesia as compared to when they were conscious (p≤0.05). Horizontal palpebral fissure length was 11.7±0.1mm OD and 11.8±0.1mm OS (median = 11.72±0.07mm). The STT showed a positive correlation with palpebral fissure measurement for this species. These selected ophthalmic reference values will be particularly useful in diagnosing pathological changes in the eyes of blue-and-yellow macaws.

Effect of manual eyelid manipulation on intraocular pressure measurement by rebound tonometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Uk Baek ◽  
Ahnul Ha ◽  
Young Kook Kim ◽  
Jin Wook Jeoung ◽  
Ki Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Palpebral Fissure ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Bland Altman Plot ◽  
Rebound Tonometry ◽  
The Mean

Background/aimsTo investigate the effect of eyelid manipulation on the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) using two different tonometries (rebound tonometry (RT) vs Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT)).Methods103 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were prospectively enrolled. For all of the patients, IOP measurements were performed in three different ways: (1) RT with lid manipulation (LM), (2) RT without LM and (3) GAT. The order of the three measurements was randomly selected. Additionally, the palpebral fissure height (PFH; elliptical space between upper and lower eyelids) was measured.ResultsThe mean value of IOP measured by GAT was 13.97±2.80 mm Hg, which was not significantly different from that by RT without LM (13.75±2.44 mm Hg; P=0.096), but which was significantly lower than that by RT with LM (15.21±2.91 mm Hg; P<0.001). On a Bland-Altman plot, RT with LM was overestimated relative to GAT (mean: −1.5) and RT without LM (mean: −1.2). Among the high IOPs (>20 mm Hg), interestingly, those measured by RT without LM were significantly lower than those measured by GAT (P<0.001). In the subgroup analysis of PFH, the smaller the PFH, the more exaggerated the IOP difference between GAT (P=0.014) and RT with LM (P<0.001).ConclusionRT-measured IOP was significantly exaggerated when manipulation was applied to the eyelid. This overall trend was more pronounced when PFH was small. GAT-measured IOP, meanwhile, showed a good correlation with IOP measured using RT without LM.

scholarly journals Lip twitch restraint on rebound tonometry in horses

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1486-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Caldart de Andrade ◽  
Paula Stieven Hünning ◽  
Fabiana Quartiero Pereira ◽  
Kadigia Pitol Dutra ◽  
João Antonio Tadeu Pigatto
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Rebound Tonometry ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Circadian Fluctuation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Slit Lamp Biomicroscopy

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of the upper lip twitch restraint on intraocular pressure (IOP) of healthy horses. In this study, forty five Criollo horses, aged between two to 20 years (male or female) were evaluated with rebound tonometer, with and without upper lip twitch restraint. A previous ophthalmic examination was performed with Schirmer tear test, fluorescein test, slit lamp biomicroscopy and direct ophthalmoscopy in all horses. Only healthy animals with no ocular findings were used. The order of the IOP measurements (with or without twitch) and order of the eye (right or left) were randomized. Three measurements of each eye were made and the mean was calculated. Head position was kept above the heart level and no pressure was made over eyelids. At least 10 minutes passed between the evaluations of the same horse. Measurements were made between 3:30 and 5:30pm to avoid circadian fluctuation of intraocular pressure. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS 9.2 software. A Split plot factorial design was used where horses were considered blocks. The mean intraocular pressure values obtained with lip twitch restraint (34.68±6.47mmHg) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those obtained without (29.35±4.08mmHg). There was no relevant statistical difference between right and left eyes. The restraint of horses with upper lip twitch increased equine intraocular pressure measured with the rebound tonometry.

Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test results in clinically normal Long-Eared Hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus): reference values

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Selk Ghaffari ◽  
Ramin Hajikhani ◽  
Farzin Sahebjam ◽  
Hessamodin Akbarein ◽  
Habib Golezardy
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test

scholarly journals Evaluation of tear production with modified Schirmer tear test-1 during the neonatal period in cats

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. Conceição ◽  
A.P. Ribeiro ◽  
M.L.M. Torres ◽  
M.L.G. Lourenço ◽  
J.L. Laus
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Tear Secretion ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Maturity Parameters ◽  
Time Point

The study aimed to evaluate tear production by means of modified Schirmer tear tes-1 (mSTT-1) in neonate cats. Likewise, correlation between mSTT-1 and STT-1 was assessed in vitro. Standard SST strips were cut in half and after eye lid opening, tear production of neonates (n=15) was daily measured in both eyes (mSTT-1), until the 7th day, and at day 14, 21, and 28. Animals were daily weighted until 28 days of age. Results were compared statistically (P<0.05). During the first 7 days, the overall mSTT-1 mean was 0.76 wetting/minute. Significant differences between right and left eyes were not observed at any time point (P=1.00). Tear secretion increased significantly, from the 14th to 28th day, in comparison with 7 first days (P<0.05). Positive correlation between maturity parameters and tear secretion was observed (P<0.0001). Distance between slopes of each strip changed significantly (P<0.0001). It was concluded that tear secretion in the neonatal period of cats is very below the reference values described for young and adults of the same species. It is not possible to extrapolate results obtained with mSTT-1 to standard STT-1.

Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on intraocular pressure among healthy adult males

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Ezhilnila ◽  
S. Brinda ◽  
A. Meena ◽  
P.J. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Isometric Handgrip Exercise

Glaucoma is the main cause for irreversible blindness in India. The main determinant of glaucoma is raised intraocular pressure (IOP) which is influenced by many factors. One of the main factors is physical exercise. Objective of this study is to exhibit the effect of isometric handgrip exercise using Smedley’s handgrip dynamometer on IOP among young adult males in the south Indian population. In this quasi experimental study, 150 young healthy adult male subjects with ages between 15 to 40 years were selected on the basis of fulfilling our inclusion and exclusion criteria with the help of a questionnaire. Baseline IOP and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the subjects were measured using non-contact tonometer and Smedley’s Handgrip Dynamometer, respectively. The subjects were instructed to hold the handgrip dynamometer with 20% of MVC in sustained manner for minimum 2 min or until fatigue sets in. IOP were measured on both eyes immediately and 15 min following exercise and IOP variation was analysed using paired t-test. A small but significant decrease in IOP was noted immediately as well as 15 min following exercise. Average fall in right eye was 1.75 mm Hg immediately and 2.14 mm Hg 15 min following exercise (P<0.01). The average fall in the left eye was 1.62 mm Hg immediately and 1.91 mm Hg after 15 min (P<0.01). Isometric handgrip exercise of the single upper limb showed significant reduction of IOP on both eyes following exercise and the decrease was much higher 15 min after exercise. This result can be extrapolated and clinically applied for glaucoma prevention and supplemented as lifestyle modification during glaucoma treatment.

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