scholarly journals Reference values for selected ophthalmic tests of the blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna)

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Sérgio A. Falcão ◽  
Rafael V. Monteiro ◽  
Clarissa M. Carvalho ◽  
Hudson H. de Andrade ◽  
Paula D. Galera
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Palpebral Fissure ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
The Right ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to establish reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in healthy blue-and-yellow macaws. We investigated a total of 35 adult macaws (70 eyes) of undetermined sex and with an average weight of 1 kg, who were living in captivity in the Federal District, Brazil. Tear production using the Schirmer tear test (STT), normal conjunctival flora, intraocular pressure (IOP) using a rebound tonometer and horizontal palpebral fissure length (HPFL) were evaluated. In this study, 84.1% of samples were positive for microbial growth. Bacteria, fungi and yeasts were isolated, and Staphylococcus spp. (21.9%) and Bacillus spp. (26.8%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. The mean value for STT was 7.6±4.6mm/min in the right eye (OD) and 6.6±4.4mm/min in the left eye (OS) (median = 7,11±0,76mm/min). Mean IOP was 11.4±2.5mm Hg OD and 11.6±1.8mm Hg OS (median = 11.49±0.22mm Hg), prior to anesthesia, and 7.6±2.4mm Hg OD and 7.8±1.8mm Hg OS (median 7.71±0.08mmHg) after anesthesia. The IOP was significantly lower when the animals were under anesthesia as compared to when they were conscious (p≤0.05). Horizontal palpebral fissure length was 11.7±0.1mm OD and 11.8±0.1mm OS (median = 11.72±0.07mm). The STT showed a positive correlation with palpebral fissure measurement for this species. These selected ophthalmic reference values will be particularly useful in diagnosing pathological changes in the eyes of blue-and-yellow macaws.

scholarly journals Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 871-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário S.A. Falcão ◽  
Rafael V. Monteiro ◽  
Arianne P. Oriá ◽  
Paula D. Galera
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Palpebral Fissure ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Rebound Tonometry ◽  
Breeding Center ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Conservation Breeding

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to describe the modified Schirmer tear test (mSTT), intraocular pressure (IOP) by rebound tonometry and palpebral fissure length (PFL) in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Thirty-five healthy adult animals from a conservation breeding center in Brazil were used in this study. Modified Schirmer tear test, rebound tonometry and PFL measurements were performed in both eyes, with birds under physical restraint. Mean mSTT was 6.2±0.1mm/min and mean IOP was 6.4±0.1mmHg, while PFL was 10.1±0.1mm. A moderate correlation was seen between mSTT and PFL for OD (ρ=0.14) and OS (ρ=0.20). The results provide ophthalmic tests reference values for A. aestiva.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Assessment of Soil Treated with Pesticide and Herbicide in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis of Kebbi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Famubo ◽  
Bunmi B. Oladunjoye
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

The present study was carried out on the effect of pesticides on soil microorganisms at half (x0.5) recommended rate (x1.0), and one and a half (x1.5). One commonly used insecticide Sniper as pesticide and herbicide Glyphosate were used on some physicochemical parameters and microbial populations. The mean value of pH for Sniper (x0.5) was 7.0; Sniper (x1.0) was 6.9; Sniper (x1.5) was 6.8; Glyphosate (x0.5) was 6.9; Glyphosate (x1.0) was 6.8: Glyphosate (x1.5) was 6.8 and for control soil was 7.3 respectively. The conductivity was ranged with a mean of 308.1 mS for Sniper x0.5, 410.3 mS for Sniper x1.0, 388.1 mS for Sniper x1.5, 197.8 mS for Glyphosate x0.5, 117.4 mS for Glyphosate x1.0, 223.85 mS for Glyphosate and 185.7 mS for the control soil. The soil organic matter was taken immediately after the treatments, and after the four weeks of treatment, the values were 1.50 g at week 0 and 0.72 g at week 4 for Sniper x0.5; 1.35 g at week 0 and 0.42 g at week 4 for Sniper x1.0; 1.71 g at week 0 and 0.50 g at week 4 for Sniper x1.5; 1.21 g at week 0 and 0.75 g at week 4 for Glyphosate x0.5; 1.05 g at week 0 and 0.86 g at week 4 for Glyphosate x1.0; 1.67 g at week 0 and 1.01 g at week 4 for Glyphosate x1.5 and 1.90 g at week 0 and 1.45 g at week 4 for the control soil. A total of 8 bacteria species were identified, such as Bacillus spp (50%), Lactobacillus spp (8.3%), Proteus spp (5.6%), Staphylococcus spp (11.1%), Actinomycetes spp (8.3%), Micrococcus spp (2.8%), Pseudomonas spp (8.3%) and Flavobacterium spp (5.6%). The effect of these findings shows that pesticides might be affecting the soil microbial load by reducing it.

Comprehensive Quantification of the Right Ventricle: Pediatric Reference Values from 0 to 18 Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (S 02) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Horst ◽  
A. Karabiyik ◽  
H. Körperich ◽  
M. Fischer ◽  
E. Klusmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
The Right

Perimeter of The Tricuspid Valve: A Cadaveric Human Heart Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3424-3428
Author(s):  
Kirti Chaudhary ◽  
Amey Dhatrak ◽  
Brij Raj Singh ◽  
Ujwal Gajbe
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Right Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Lv Dysfunction ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right

Historically, the research on the right ventricle (RV) has been neglected by his left equivalent because of the complexity of left ventricle (LV) dysfunction. Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) can be classified as linked to primary valve disease or functional in nature, but most are functional. Although it was historically assumed that such functional Tricuspid regurgitation, i.e. arising from leftsided disease, and it can be resolved after corrective surgery, but after successful surgery, on the aortic or mitral valve annular dilatation, the Tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular dysfunction may persist.To study the circumference of tricuspid orifice and it’s the diameter in two perpendicular planes and its comparison among the male and female population. The material for the present study comprised of 50 formalin fixed human hearts (35 males and 15 females) which were obtained from the department of anatomy. In this study, it is observed that: The mean value of circumference of a tricuspid orifice is 11.01+/-0.63 cm. The diameter of tricuspid orifice along the frontal dimension is 3.06+/-0.38 cm, and the diameter along the sagittal dimension is 2.26+/-0.23 cm. The measurements of the circumference of tricuspid orifice reported for males and females in western countries were higher than the present study and the diameter along the frontal dimension is greater than the diameter along the sagittal dimension. The tricuspid valve diameter along the frontal dimension was more than the diameter along the sagittal dimension in both males and females.

The Effectiveness of Amoxicillin and Cefalexin in Two Species from Staphylococcus and Bacillus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Sudan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Rabie Mohammed Salih
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

In this study 60 milk samples collected from mastitic cows to isolates and identify bacterial agents. The percentage of isolates was as follows: Staphylococcus spp 52%, Bacillus spp 26%, Enteroccocispp 3%; microccus 3%, Nesseria 2%, Branhamella 3%, Clostridium 1%, Bordetella 2%, Enterobacteria 3%, Aeromonas 4%, Fusobacterium 1%. In sensitivity tests used two antibiotics Amoxicillin and Cephalexin against two highest isolates in this study (Staph spp and Bacillus spp and found: Staph. aureus and Staph. hyicus were resistant to Amoxicllin and cephlaxin relatively, Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus cereus were susceptible to Amoxicllin and cephlaxin.

scholarly journals In Pursuit of the Perfect Dancer’s Ballet Foot. The Footprint, Stabilometric, Pedobarographic Parameters of Professional Ballet Dancers

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Joanna Gorwa ◽  
Robert Michnik ◽  
Katarzyna Nowakowska-Lipiec
Keyword(s):  
Reference Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Rear Part ◽  
The Right

This work aims to assess footprint parameters in a group of professional ballet dancers and to determine the correlation between the aforementioned parameters and lateralization, stabilometric parameters, pedobarographic parameters and work environment conditions. A group subjected to tests consisted of 44 elite professional ballet dancers and the reference group was composed of 44 students. The test of balance and thrust under feet involved 30 s-long free standing with open eyes on a podographic platform. The research-related analysis was concerned with footprint parameters (foot length and width, Clarke angle, and Weissflog index), stabilometric parameters (path length and ellipse field, mean value of the velocity and deflection of the displacement of the center of the foot pressure on the ground) and pedobarographic parameters (percentage thrust on the right, left foot as well as the front and rear part the foot). Statistically significant differences between the groups were observed in relation to the stabilometric parameters, the percentage pressure of the left forefoot and the right heel, as well as the value of the Clarke angle (p ≤ 0.05). The longitudinal arch of the foot and the width of the foot in ballet dancers are not dependent on the total and professional career duration and weekly training volume

scholarly journals The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Chatzipetros ◽  
Spyros Damaskos ◽  
Konstantinos I. Tosios ◽  
Panos Christopoulos ◽  
Catherine Donta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability. Methods Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm2) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery. Results The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001). Conclusions Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.

Reference values for intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test in clinically normal Sanjabi sheep

2011 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Selk Ghaffari ◽  
Mohammad Shojaei ◽  
Amin Sabzevari ◽  
Nargess Khorami
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test

scholarly journals Evaluation of tear production with modified Schirmer tear test-1 during the neonatal period in cats

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. Conceição ◽  
A.P. Ribeiro ◽  
M.L.M. Torres ◽  
M.L.G. Lourenço ◽  
J.L. Laus
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Tear Secretion ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Maturity Parameters ◽  
Time Point

The study aimed to evaluate tear production by means of modified Schirmer tear tes-1 (mSTT-1) in neonate cats. Likewise, correlation between mSTT-1 and STT-1 was assessed in vitro. Standard SST strips were cut in half and after eye lid opening, tear production of neonates (n=15) was daily measured in both eyes (mSTT-1), until the 7th day, and at day 14, 21, and 28. Animals were daily weighted until 28 days of age. Results were compared statistically (P<0.05). During the first 7 days, the overall mSTT-1 mean was 0.76 wetting/minute. Significant differences between right and left eyes were not observed at any time point (P=1.00). Tear secretion increased significantly, from the 14th to 28th day, in comparison with 7 first days (P<0.05). Positive correlation between maturity parameters and tear secretion was observed (P<0.0001). Distance between slopes of each strip changed significantly (P<0.0001). It was concluded that tear secretion in the neonatal period of cats is very below the reference values described for young and adults of the same species. It is not possible to extrapolate results obtained with mSTT-1 to standard STT-1.

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