scholarly journals Organic cultivation of okra with ground cover of perennial herbaceous legumes

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Mathias N da Silva ◽  
Fábio Luiz Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽  
Claudenir Fávero ◽  
Mateus Augusto L Quaresma
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Herbaceous Legumes ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The management of green manure with perennial herbaceous legumes has emerged as an interesting practice for vegetable production, improving the cultivation environment and increasing crop yields. In the present study we evaluated the organic okra cultivation in soil covered with perennial herbaceous legumes. The treatments consisted of okra grown in bare soil (control) or covered with tropical kudzo (Pueraria phaseoloides), perennial soybean (Glycine wightii), calopogonium (Calopogonium muconoides), Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) and Stylosanthes capitata and Stylosanthes macrocephala. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The weeding of legumes was realized before the okra was sown and this allowed the addition of quantities of dry matter, highlighting the potential of tropical kudzo (3.74 t ha-1), perennial soybean (1.55 t ha-1) and peanut (1.30 t ha-1). Okra cropped in soil covered with tropical kudzo and perennial soybean had the weed lowest dry matter accumulation until 150 days after sowing the okra. At 150 days after sowing the okra, only the areas covered with peanut and calopogonium had higher volumes of water in the soil compared to the control. Throughout the harvest, the okra plants grown in soil covered with perennial soybean and tropical kudzo showed the greatest heights. The maximum okra fruit yield (16.23 t ha-1) was obtained by growing okra in soil covered with perennial soybean.

MACRONUTRIENTS ABSORPTION AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION IN GRAIN SORGHUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
IRAN DIAS BORGES ◽  
ELAINE CRISTINA TEIXEIRA ◽  
LORENA MARTINS BRANDÃO ◽  
ANTÔNIO AUGUSTO NOGUEIRA FRANCO ◽  
MARCOS KOITI KONDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sigmoidal Function ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Red Latosol

ABSTRACT - The present study aimed to determine the curves of macronutrients and dry matter accumulation in grain sorghum DKB 599, grown in a semiarid region. A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam eutrophic red Latosol (Oxisol) in Janaúba, State of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replications. As statistical method, a nonlinear regression, sigmoidal function with three parameters was used. After drying, the plants were weighed and ground to determine N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S concentration. Grain sorghum plants accumulate nutrients in their shoots in the following order: N> K> Ca> P> Mg> S. The highest concentrations of K and N were observed in stems and grains, respectively. In the conditions of this experiment, the most favorable time to perform nitrogen and potassium topdressing fertilization is when the plants present seven fully expanded leaves or 24 days after the emergency (DAE). Keywords: fertilization, growth, nutrition, Sorghum bicolor. ABSORÇÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES E ACÚMULO DE MATÉRIA SECA NO SORGO GRANÍFERO RESUMO - Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as curvas de acúmulo de matéria seca e macronutrientes no sorgo DKB 599 cultivado em região semiárida. O experimento foi conduzido em campo sobre um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico, de textura franco-argilosa, no município de Janaúba-MG, Brasil, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão não linear, função sigmoidal com três parâmetros como método estatístico. Após secagem, cada parte da planta foi pesada e moída para, em seguida, determinarem-se os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. As plantas de sorgo granífero acumulam nutrientes em sua parte aérea na seguinte ordem: N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S. As maiores concentrações de K e N foram observadas, respectivamente, nos caules e nos grãos. Nas condições de condução do experimento, a época mais propícia para realizar a adubação nitrogenada e potássica em cobertura é quando as plantas apresentam sete folhas totalmente expandidas ou 24 dias após a emergência (DAE). Palavras-chave: fertilização, crescimento, nutrição, Sorghum bicolor.

Influence of row spacing on growth, light and water use by sorghum

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. McGowan ◽  
H. M. Taylor ◽  
J. Willingham
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Reduced Water

SUMMARYGrain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) was grown in Texas in 1985 at a constant population density of c. 6·6 plants/m2 in rows 0·5, 1·0 and 1·5 m apart and with the soil profile at field capacity at planting time. Dry matter production and yield were least at the widest spacing, principally because of a reduction in number of tillers. Dry matter accumulation was in direct proportion to the amount of light intercepted and largely independent of spacing between rows, with a conversion coefficient of 1·71 g dry matter/MJ energy intercepted. The most widely spaced crop used less water but not in proportion to the extent that ground cover was reduced. Water use efficiency was also less in the most widely spaced crop, probably because of heat advection from the bare soil between rows.

scholarly journals Corn production for silage intercropped with forage in the farming-cattle breeding integration

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veridiana Z. de Mendonça ◽  
Luiz M. M. de Mello ◽  
Francisco C. B. L. Pereira ◽  
José O. da R. Silva ◽  
Élcio H. Yano
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production

Corn cropping for silage, due to the plant material exportation, intercropping with forage provides greater ground cover and straw formation for the Direct Planting System (DPS) continuity. The objective of this study was to evaluate corn production for silage in DPS intercropped with four forages (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, U. ruziziensis cv. Ruziziensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia and P. maximum cv. Áries). We applied three sowing methods (in row together with corn fertilizer; by no-till sowing simultaneously to corn sowing and at V4 corn stage) and corn without intercropping. The experiment was conducted in autumn/ winter of 2010, in Selvíria - MS, in a randomized block design in factorial arrangement (4 x 3 + 1) and 4 replications. For corn, we evaluated plant height, basal stem diameter, initial and final stand and silage production and for forage dry matter production. Morphological characteristics and corn yield were not affected by intercropping when compared to sole corn crop. Forage dry matter production sown in corn row with fertilizer is a highlight, which in addition to providing greater productivity, harnesses the operation during sowing.

scholarly journals Management Of Commelina benghalensis with Saflufenacil in Shaded Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SANTOS JUNIOR ◽  
F.C.L. FREITAS ◽  
I.T. SANTOS ◽  
D.C. SILVA ◽  
G.P. PAIXÃO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Cultivation Environment

ABSTRACT: The repetitive use of glyphosate in the control of weeds in eucalyptus plantations has selected tolerant species such as Commelina benghalensis. Therefore, the use of herbicides of other mechanisms of action, such as saflufenacil, in rotation or combination with glyphosate, is necessary to reduce damages caused by C. benghalensis, whose sensitivity to herbicides can be influenced by the shading caused by the eucalyptus crop. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of saflufenacil in the management of C. benghalensis at different shading levels. Three experiments were carried out regarding a certain shading level (cultivation environment with 0, 40, and 55% shade). The experimental design was a randomized block design with five herbicide doses (0, 24.5, 49, 73.5, and 98 g ha-1 of saflufenacil) and four replications. At 28 days after herbicide application, the percentage of control and shoot dry matter were assessed, as well as the biomass allocation to leaves, stems, and roots of C. benghalensis. Plants cultivated at 0% shade presented a higher dry matter accumulation and a better distribution of biomass in leaves, stem, and roots, contributing with the increased tolerance to saflufenacil and not being controlled with effectiveness under the assessed doses. As shading was increased, plants of C. benghalensis allocated most of their biomass to the shoot, especially leaves, reducing their reserve structures and increasing the contact area with the herbicide, making them more susceptible to saflufenacil.

scholarly journals Dry matter accumulation in genotypes of bean submitted to different levels of nitrogen

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-992
Author(s):  
Juliano Ribeiro Araújo ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho ◽  
Adriano Teodoro Bruzi ◽  
Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
N Source ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of this study was to verify the response of dry matter accumulation in bean lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different levels of nitrogen fertilizers. Six genotypes ('BRSMG Majestoso', 'Pérola', MA-I-18.13, 'Ouro Negro', 'BRSMG Talismã', and MA-I-2.5) were evaluated in Lavras, testing three N levels (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha) and using ammonium sulphate as N source. The experimental design adopted was the randomized block design in a 6 x 3 factorial structure with three replications and the plots were composed of five 5-m rows. The seeds were sown in November 2005 and July 2006. Total dry mass of five competitive plants was evaluated after 35 days from sowing, harvested from a pre-determined place in the useful area of the plots. This process was repeated every ten days until the harvest. The grain yield was also evaluated in one of the rows of the useful area of the plots. It was observed that regarding the dry mass accumulation, the genotypes did not present different responses at the N levels and the average increase per kg/ha applied N was 6.75 kg/ha grains. The genotype BRSMG Majestoso is the most responsive, with 14.4 kg/ha grains per kg applied N whereas the most tolerant is the MA-I-2.5 with1.8 kg/ha grains per kg N.

scholarly journals RESPOSTA DA CULTURA DO RABANETE SOB CULTIVO ORGÂNICO AOS FATORES DE PRODUÇÃO ÁGUA E COBERTURA DO SOLO

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Antonio Vanklane de Almeida ◽  
Alexsandro Oliveira Silva ◽  
Jenyffer da Silva Gomes Santos ◽  
Janiquelle da Silva Rabello ◽  
Valsergio Barros da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
E Mail

RESPOSTA DA CULTURA DO RABANETE SOB CULTIVO ORGÂNICO AOS FATORES DE PRODUÇÃO ÁGUA E COBERTURA DO SOLO     ANTONIO VANKLANE DE ALMEIDA1; ALEXSANDRO OLIVEIRA DA SILVA1; JENYFFER DA SILVA GOMES SANTOS2; JANIQUELLE DA SILVA RABELO3; VALSERGIO BARROS DA SILVA1 E ALFREDO MENDONÇA DE SOUSA1   1 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFC, Av. Mr. Hull, s/n, Pici, CEP:60356-001, bloco 804, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected],  [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]    2 Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Cândido Rondon, 501 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 13083-875, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFC, Av. Mr. Hull, s/n, Pici, CEP:60356-001, bloco 805, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Em regiões com limitações de recursos hídricos, como semiárido cearense, o uso eficiente da água torna-se a cada dia imprescindível para a produção de hortaliças irrigadas nestas regiões. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo a avaliação técnica e econômica do efeito dos fatores de produção água e níveis de cobertura do solo da bagana de carnaúba sobre a produtividade da cultura do rabanete. A pesquisa foi conduzida no período de junho a agosto de 2018 em dois ciclos de produção em área pertencente ao Prece (Programa de Educação em Células Cooperativas), localizado no município de Pentecoste-CE. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco lâminas de irrigação (50%; 75%; 100%; 125% e 150% da evapotranspiração das culturas localizada, ETcloc) e cinco diferentes níveis de cobertura morta constituída de bagana de carnaúba:  25%; 50%; 75% e 100% além da testemunha com o solo sem cobertura 0%, totalizando 100 parcelas experimentais. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a bagana de carnaúba apresentou potencial para utilização como cobertura morta no cultivo de rabanete, proporcionando incremento no rendimento da cultura em condições de estratégia de irrigação com déficit para o uso de 16 t ha-1 de cobertura morta. A cultura rabanete responde de forma crescente às diferentes lâminas de irrigação até a ETcloc de 100%, podendo-se obter ganhos econômicos quando associadas à utilização de cobertura morta no solo.   Palavras-chave: Cobertura do solo. Manejo da irrigação. Função de produção. Raphanus sativus L.     ALMEIDA, A. V.; SILVA, A. O.; SANTOS, J. S. G.; RABELO, J. R.; SILVA, V. B.; SOUSA, A. M.  RESPONSE OF RABANET CULTURE UNDER ORGANIC CULTIVATION TO PRODUCTION FACTORS WATER AND SOIL COVERAGE         2 ABSTRACT   In regions with limited water resources, such as the semi-arid region of Ceará, the efficient use of water becomes indispensable every day for the production of irrigated vegetables in this region. In this sense, this research had as objective the technical and economic evaluation of the effect of the factors of production water and levels of the cover of the soil of the bagana on the productivity of the radish culture. The research was conducted in the period from June to August 2018 in two production cycles in area belonging to Prece (Cooperative Cell Education Program), located in the municipality of Pentecoste-CE. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of five irrigation depth (50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of crop localized evapotranspiration, ET cloc) and five levels of ground cover consisting of carnauba bagana: 25%; 50%; 75% and 100% beyond the control with the soil without 0% coverage, totalizing 100 experimental units. The results allowed to conclude that the carnauba bagana presented potential for use as ground cover in the cultivation of radish, providing an increase in the yield of the crop under conditions of deficit irrigation strategy to use 16 t ha-1 of ground cover. The radish crop significantly responds to the different irrigation depth, up to 100% ET cloc, and economics gains can be obtained when associated with the use of ground cover in soil.   Keywords: Soil cover. Irrigation management. Production function. Raphanus sativus L.

scholarly journals Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on rice crop

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmi Mitnala
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Rdf Data ◽  
College Farm

An experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2011-2012 and 2012-2013) on fine texture soils of Agricultural college farm, Bapatla. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design in wet season with four treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of M1 (recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) - Control), M2 (10t farmyard yard manure (FYM) ha-1 + RDF), M3 (1.5t vermicompost ha-1 + RDF), M4 (Green manuring + RDF). Data collected on biometric observations (plant height, number of tillers, dry matter accumulation) and yield. The yield of crop was significantly increased with the application of 100%NPK in combination with FYM @10t ha-1. However, it was at par with green manuring along with the application of 100% RDF (NPK).Thus, green manure in situ with Dhaincha may be used as an alternative organic source of nutrients to the FYM.

scholarly journals Macro and micronutrients uptake in biomass sorghum

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Jefferson Cavalcante ◽  
Gustavo Castoldi ◽  
Carlos Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Matheus Martins Nogueira ◽  
Alice Maria Albert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

ABSTRACT Biomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a very promising renewable source to produce energy obtained by cogeneration and fermentation processes. However, some aspects of the fertilizer management for this crop should be better understood. This study aimed to determine the accumulation progress of dry matter and macro and micronutrients in phenological stages of the biomass sorghum (Palo Alto 2562) crop, as well as to establish the accumulation order. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, with four replicates. In order to determine the dry matter and nutrient accumulation curves, the plants were sampled in nine phenological stages (V1, V3, V5, V7, V9, V11, booting, flowering and harvest). Dry matter and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn accumulations were analyzed. The maximum dry matter accumulation was 24,853 kg ha-1. K was the nutrient absorbed in the highest amount (447 kg ha-1), what demonstrates the high capacity of the plant to absorb this nutrient. N was the second most accumulated nutrient by the plant (289 kg ha-1) and its absorption pattern suggests that it should be supplied up to the V7 stage. It was also possible to conclude that the order of extraction and accumulation of macro and micronutrients for the biomass sorghum crops is: K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu.

scholarly journals Doses and Sources of Nitrogen in Two Forage Cultivars on the Dry Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Soraia Olivastro Teixeira ◽  
Oscar Mitsuo Yamashita ◽  
Marco Antonio Camillo de Carvalho ◽  
Henrique Lehrbach ◽  
Gustavo Caione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
State University ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Nitrogen fertilization is an essential practice for the increase in biomass of forage, reducing the seasonality of production throughout the year. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the green and dry matter accumulation of more sheaths leaf blades and stems of Brachiaria cultivars in the dry season. The experiment was conducted from May to October 2014, at the State University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in an area of 1.500 m2. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were characterized by factorial 2 x 2 x 5, two forage (cv. Marandu and Mulato II), two N sources (urea and ammonium sulphate) and five doses of N (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1). Nitrogen fertilization affected the productive characteristics of forages, with greater accumulation of biomass at a dose of 200 ha-1 kg N. The nitrogen sources and forage influenced to a greater magnitude green mass production and dry stalks.

scholarly journals Panicum maximum cv. Aries Establishment under Weed Interference with Levels of Light Interception and Nitrogen Fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. KRUCHELSKI ◽  
L.S. SZYMCZAK ◽  
L. DEISS ◽  
A. MORAES
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Interspecific Interaction ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the establishment of the pasture of Panicum maximum cv. Aries in an environmentally protected area under levels of interspecific interaction with the weed community. The experiment started after sowing P. maximum, and it was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications and the following factors: 3 light interception levels, 2 nitrogen rates, and 7 weekly sampling dates along pasture establishment (3x2x7). The light interception treatments, determined by photosynthetically active radiation, were given by mowing weeds over the canopy of P. maximum at 40% and 70% light interception, and no mowing (uncontrolled growth of weeds and P. maximum). Topdressing application of nitrogen in the form of urea was performed or not (0 or 200 kg N ha-1). The plant community was evaluated by number of species, dry matter accumulation, and density, and phytosociological indices were determined. The relative importance and dry matter accumulation of P. maximum were greater after nitrogen fertilization, which favored the species against weed competition. In contrast, there was lower weed density without nitrogen fertilization. Mowing weeds at 40% of light interception enabled P. maximum to accumulate more dry matter, while there was no difference between mowing weeds at 70% light interception and growing the forage crop freely with weeds. Reducing weed light interception as well as nitrogen fertilization, and consequently reducing the competitive ability of the weed, favored the establishment of P. maximum in diversified agro-ecosystems.

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