Doses and Sources of Nitrogen in Two Forage Cultivars on the Dry Season

Nitrogen fertilization is an essential practice for the increase in biomass of forage, reducing the seasonality of production throughout the year. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the green and dry matter accumulation of more sheaths leaf blades and stems of Brachiaria cultivars in the dry season. The experiment was conducted from May to October 2014, at the State University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in an area of 1.500 m2. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were characterized by factorial 2 x 2 x 5, two forage (cv. Marandu and Mulato II), two N sources (urea and ammonium sulphate) and five doses of N (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1). Nitrogen fertilization affected the productive characteristics of forages, with greater accumulation of biomass at a dose of 200 ha-1 kg N. The nitrogen sources and forage influenced to a greater magnitude green mass production and dry stalks.

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Panicum maximum cv. Aries Establishment under Weed Interference with Levels of Light Interception and Nitrogen Fertilization

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. KRUCHELSKI ◽

L.S. SZYMCZAK ◽

L. DEISS ◽

A. MORAES

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Interspecific Interaction ◽

Light Interception ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the establishment of the pasture of Panicum maximum cv. Aries in an environmentally protected area under levels of interspecific interaction with the weed community. The experiment started after sowing P. maximum, and it was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications and the following factors: 3 light interception levels, 2 nitrogen rates, and 7 weekly sampling dates along pasture establishment (3x2x7). The light interception treatments, determined by photosynthetically active radiation, were given by mowing weeds over the canopy of P. maximum at 40% and 70% light interception, and no mowing (uncontrolled growth of weeds and P. maximum). Topdressing application of nitrogen in the form of urea was performed or not (0 or 200 kg N ha-1). The plant community was evaluated by number of species, dry matter accumulation, and density, and phytosociological indices were determined. The relative importance and dry matter accumulation of P. maximum were greater after nitrogen fertilization, which favored the species against weed competition. In contrast, there was lower weed density without nitrogen fertilization. Mowing weeds at 40% of light interception enabled P. maximum to accumulate more dry matter, while there was no difference between mowing weeds at 70% light interception and growing the forage crop freely with weeds. Reducing weed light interception as well as nitrogen fertilization, and consequently reducing the competitive ability of the weed, favored the establishment of P. maximum in diversified agro-ecosystems.

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Okra seedlings production in protected environment, testing substrates and producing fruits in field

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362013000100002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 08-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Edilson Costa ◽

Taynara G de Souza ◽

Gleciane de L Benteo ◽

Katiane SS Benett ◽

Cleiton GS Benett

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

State University ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Hot Weather ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

The okra grows well in hot weather, finding favorable conditions for development in Brazil. We evaluated the production of okra seedlings and productivity. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Aquidauana. In the seedling phase we tested substrates (100% triturated cassava stems, 75% triturated cassava stems and 25% vermiculite, 50% triturated cassava stems and 50% vermiculite, 25% triturated cassava stems and 75% vermiculite and 100% vermiculite). These substrates were placed in two protected environments (nursery with black screen, 50% of shading, and aluminized screen, 50% of shading). Each environment was considered an experiment conducted in completely randomized design with eight replications. After that we realized joint analysis. In the field, a total of 10 treatments generated from combinations of environments and substrates (2 environments x 5 substrates) were distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. The average proportions of cassava stems and vermiculite may be suitable for okra seedlings. The results of shoot and total dry phytomass indicate that the aluminized screen can be recommended for okra seedlings production when the substrate with a 1:1 ratio is used. Seedlings grown on higher percentages of vermiculite anticipate production, while seedlings produced only in cassava stems tend to slow it down. The aluminized screen tends to increase the yield of okra seedlings. Average proportions of vermiculite and cassava stems for seedling production under aluminized screen, provide more fruits and yield of okra in Aquidauana.

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MACRONUTRIENTS ABSORPTION AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION IN GRAIN SORGHUM

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n1p15-26 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

IRAN DIAS BORGES ◽

ELAINE CRISTINA TEIXEIRA ◽

LORENA MARTINS BRANDÃO ◽

ANTÔNIO AUGUSTO NOGUEIRA FRANCO ◽

MARCOS KOITI KONDO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Sigmoidal Function ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Red Latosol

ABSTRACT - The present study aimed to determine the curves of macronutrients and dry matter accumulation in grain sorghum DKB 599, grown in a semiarid region. A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam eutrophic red Latosol (Oxisol) in Janaúba, State of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replications. As statistical method, a nonlinear regression, sigmoidal function with three parameters was used. After drying, the plants were weighed and ground to determine N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S concentration. Grain sorghum plants accumulate nutrients in their shoots in the following order: N> K> Ca> P> Mg> S. The highest concentrations of K and N were observed in stems and grains, respectively. In the conditions of this experiment, the most favorable time to perform nitrogen and potassium topdressing fertilization is when the plants present seven fully expanded leaves or 24 days after the emergency (DAE). Keywords: fertilization, growth, nutrition, Sorghum bicolor. ABSORÇÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES E ACÚMULO DE MATÉRIA SECA NO SORGO GRANÍFERO RESUMO - Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as curvas de acúmulo de matéria seca e macronutrientes no sorgo DKB 599 cultivado em região semiárida. O experimento foi conduzido em campo sobre um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico, de textura franco-argilosa, no município de Janaúba-MG, Brasil, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão não linear, função sigmoidal com três parâmetros como método estatístico. Após secagem, cada parte da planta foi pesada e moída para, em seguida, determinarem-se os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. As plantas de sorgo granífero acumulam nutrientes em sua parte aérea na seguinte ordem: N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S. As maiores concentrações de K e N foram observadas, respectivamente, nos caules e nos grãos. Nas condições de condução do experimento, a época mais propícia para realizar a adubação nitrogenada e potássica em cobertura é quando as plantas apresentam sete folhas totalmente expandidas ou 24 dias após a emergência (DAE). Palavras-chave: fertilização, crescimento, nutrição, Sorghum bicolor.

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Organic cultivation of okra with ground cover of perennial herbaceous legumes

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362013000300017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 450-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diego Mathias N da Silva ◽

Fábio Luiz Oliveira ◽

Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽

Claudenir Fávero ◽

Mateus Augusto L Quaresma

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Block Design ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Herbaceous Legumes ◽

Organic Cultivation ◽

Randomized Block Design

The management of green manure with perennial herbaceous legumes has emerged as an interesting practice for vegetable production, improving the cultivation environment and increasing crop yields. In the present study we evaluated the organic okra cultivation in soil covered with perennial herbaceous legumes. The treatments consisted of okra grown in bare soil (control) or covered with tropical kudzo (Pueraria phaseoloides), perennial soybean (Glycine wightii), calopogonium (Calopogonium muconoides), Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) and Stylosanthes capitata and Stylosanthes macrocephala. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The weeding of legumes was realized before the okra was sown and this allowed the addition of quantities of dry matter, highlighting the potential of tropical kudzo (3.74 t ha-1), perennial soybean (1.55 t ha-1) and peanut (1.30 t ha-1). Okra cropped in soil covered with tropical kudzo and perennial soybean had the weed lowest dry matter accumulation until 150 days after sowing the okra. At 150 days after sowing the okra, only the areas covered with peanut and calopogonium had higher volumes of water in the soil compared to the control. Throughout the harvest, the okra plants grown in soil covered with perennial soybean and tropical kudzo showed the greatest heights. The maximum okra fruit yield (16.23 t ha-1) was obtained by growing okra in soil covered with perennial soybean.

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NITROGEN RATES AND RESIDUAL EFFECT OF CO-INOCULATION OF SOYBEAN ON MAIZE PLANTS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252020v33n306rc ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 633-643

Author(s):

AUREANE CRISTINA TEIXEIRA FERREIRA CÂNDIDO ◽

MARCO ANTONIO CAMILLO DE CARVALHO ◽

RICARDO ADRIANO FELITO ◽

ADRIANO MALTEZO DA ROCHA ◽

OSCAR MITSUO YAMASHITA

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Dry Weight ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

State University ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Fertilizer Rates

ABSTRACT Co-inoculation consists of using microorganism combinations with synergic effect that surpass the results obtained with their use alone. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of inoculation and co-inoculation on soybean plants, and their residual effect on maize plants grown intercropped with ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis), under different N fertilizer rates. The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of the Mato Grosso State University, Alta Floresta campus, in a Typic Hapludox. A randomized block design was used for the soybean crops; the treatments consisted of Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculated single, or co-inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense, with 20 replications. A randomized block design in a strip-plot arrangement was used for the winter maize-ruzigrass intercrop (WMRI); the treatments consisted of combination of residual effect of inoculation and co-inoculation in the strips, and five N fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) in plots with WMRI, with four replications. The co-inoculation of soybean seeds and its residual effect on the maize crops increased the root dry weight of plants of both crops; however, no increases were found for most vegetative and reproductive characteristics of maize plants. Yield and most characteristics evaluated had increasing linear responses to increases in N rates, indicating the plants could respond to rates above 200 kg ha-1.

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Waste management of pseudostem to increase the growth of banana seedlings

Acta Agronómica ◽

10.15446/acag.v69n3.84274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Domingues Lima ◽

Natália de Souza Bravo ◽

Danilo Eduardo Rozane ◽

Edson Suigueaki Nomura ◽

Silvia Helena Modenese Gorla da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

State University ◽

Paulo State ◽

Root Area ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Water Nutrients

Pseudostem is an abundant residue after harvesting of the banana bunch, serving as a source of water, nutrients and organic substances. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pseudostem waste on ‘Nanica’ banana (Musa spp. AAA) cultivar in greenhouse under contrasting environmental conditions. For this, an experiment was carried out in in the São Paulo State University -UNESP in a randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (presence or absence of waste and two seasons), consisting of four replicates of three experimental plots with two pots per plant. One season was early November/2018 (Summer) and the other half of May/2019 (Winter). A 40 cm portion of the pseudostem collected from of a freshly harvested plant was sectioned into 10 cm portions and placed under the substrate of the seedling-containing pot at both times. Periodically, height, pseudostem diameter and leaf emission were evaluated. After the release of leachate by the residue, plants were taken to the laboratory, and the area of leaves and roots, their respective masses, and the leaf nutrient content were determined. The nutritional composition of the residue was evaluated before being applied for both seasons. In summer, accumulated dry matter in the different organs, leaf area and root area was higher in the presence of the residue, while in winter, only root dry mass was higher (P < 0.01). The application of residue had a consistent effect on root growth, which can be exploited in the field.

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Management Of Commelina benghalensis with Saflufenacil in Shaded Environments

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100051 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

A. SANTOS JUNIOR ◽

F.C.L. FREITAS ◽

I.T. SANTOS ◽

D.C. SILVA ◽

G.P. PAIXÃO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Commelina Benghalensis ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Eucalyptus Plantations ◽

Cultivation Environment

ABSTRACT: The repetitive use of glyphosate in the control of weeds in eucalyptus plantations has selected tolerant species such as Commelina benghalensis. Therefore, the use of herbicides of other mechanisms of action, such as saflufenacil, in rotation or combination with glyphosate, is necessary to reduce damages caused by C. benghalensis, whose sensitivity to herbicides can be influenced by the shading caused by the eucalyptus crop. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of saflufenacil in the management of C. benghalensis at different shading levels. Three experiments were carried out regarding a certain shading level (cultivation environment with 0, 40, and 55% shade). The experimental design was a randomized block design with five herbicide doses (0, 24.5, 49, 73.5, and 98 g ha-1 of saflufenacil) and four replications. At 28 days after herbicide application, the percentage of control and shoot dry matter were assessed, as well as the biomass allocation to leaves, stems, and roots of C. benghalensis. Plants cultivated at 0% shade presented a higher dry matter accumulation and a better distribution of biomass in leaves, stem, and roots, contributing with the increased tolerance to saflufenacil and not being controlled with effectiveness under the assessed doses. As shading was increased, plants of C. benghalensis allocated most of their biomass to the shoot, especially leaves, reducing their reserve structures and increasing the contact area with the herbicide, making them more susceptible to saflufenacil.

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Dry matter accumulation in genotypes of bean submitted to different levels of nitrogen

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542009000400007 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 985-992

Author(s):

Juliano Ribeiro Araújo ◽

Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho ◽

Adriano Teodoro Bruzi ◽

Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Factorial Structure ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

N Source ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Different Levels

The objective of this study was to verify the response of dry matter accumulation in bean lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different levels of nitrogen fertilizers. Six genotypes ('BRSMG Majestoso', 'Pérola', MA-I-18.13, 'Ouro Negro', 'BRSMG Talismã', and MA-I-2.5) were evaluated in Lavras, testing three N levels (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha) and using ammonium sulphate as N source. The experimental design adopted was the randomized block design in a 6 x 3 factorial structure with three replications and the plots were composed of five 5-m rows. The seeds were sown in November 2005 and July 2006. Total dry mass of five competitive plants was evaluated after 35 days from sowing, harvested from a pre-determined place in the useful area of the plots. This process was repeated every ten days until the harvest. The grain yield was also evaluated in one of the rows of the useful area of the plots. It was observed that regarding the dry mass accumulation, the genotypes did not present different responses at the N levels and the average increase per kg/ha applied N was 6.75 kg/ha grains. The genotype BRSMG Majestoso is the most responsive, with 14.4 kg/ha grains per kg applied N whereas the most tolerant is the MA-I-2.5 with1.8 kg/ha grains per kg N.

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YIELD COMPONENTS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE AS A FUNCTION OF PREDECESSOR CROP

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms2020v19e1168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

MARÍA EMILIA BRUSQUETTI GONZÁLEZ ◽

IZAIAS RODRIGUES DA SILVA JUNIOR ◽

LUIZ CARLOS FERREIRA DE SOUZA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Block Design ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Long Term Experiment

Succession crops in no-tillage system can improve the soil attributes, thus favoring the growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) and contributing to grain yield increment. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of succession crops on growth and development of maize planted in the summer and the influence on grain yield. For the study, a long-term experiment was implemented, beginning in September 2009, in dystroferric Red Latosol, on the Experimental Farm of the School of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), located in the municipality of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul state. This article presents data collected from the 2017/2018 crop season. Randomized block design was used, with ten treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the crops preceding maize, such as millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus), oat (Avena sativa), safflower (Carthamus tinctorious), niger (Guizothia abyssinica), vetch (Vicia sativa), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), and forage radish (Raphanus sativus). The predecessor crops positively influence dry matter mass of the aerial part of the plant, dry matter mass of 1000 grains, and productivity of the summer maize crop planted through the remains of straw (residues) of millet, oat, niger, sunn hemp, vetch and forage radish.

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Growth bioestimulant in marandu grass cultivated in the amazon biome

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6supl2p3335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽

pp. 3335-3350

Author(s):

Grazielle de Carvalho Reis ◽

◽

Wildiney Freire de Oliveira ◽

Camila Cunha da Silva ◽

Bruno Pereira da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Span ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Leaf Life Span ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Urochloa Brizantha ◽

Dry And Rainy Seasons

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a biostimulant on the morphogenesis, structure, productivity, and chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, managed under two nitrogen fertilization levels. Collections were carried out during the dry (June to September) and the rainy season (September to April). The experimental area was divided into 48 plots of 8 m2 each, using a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (0, 1, 2, and 3 L ha−1 of biostimulant × 50 and 150 kg N ha−1 year−1), and subdivided over time into dry and rainy seasons. Treatments were applied in a single dose. An interaction was observed between biostimulant and nitrogen fertilization for the total forage dry matter production and daily forage dry matter production, in which an increase of 30.1 and 25.3% was observed in the total dry matter production and 33.7 and 27.6% in the daily dry matter production when using 1 and 2 L ha−1 of biostimulant, respectively, compared to the non-application of biostimulant and with fertilization of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1. The leaf life-span showed a triple interaction (biostimulant × nitrogen fertilization × season), and a decomposition of the interaction showed that the fertilization of 150 kg N ha−1 year−1 provided a shorter leaf life-span during the dry season, with no difference for the other combinations of factors. No interactions were found for the chemical-bromatological composition, with no differences for the biostimulant application. Biostimulant doses of 1 and 2 L ha−1 increase the dry matter production per hectare in the nitrogen fertilization of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1, but its action is not effective with the highest nitrogen fertilization (150 kg N ha−1 year−1).

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