scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HTLV-I/II infection in low-income postpartum and pregnant women in Greater Metropolitan Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 668-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Helena Mello de Lima ◽  
Maria Carmen Viana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Espirito Santo

Sexually transmitted infections during pregnancy pose a major risk to the fetus due to vertical transmission. The study's objective was to determine the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and HTLV-I/II infection among low-income postpartum and pregnant women treated in Greater Metropolitan Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, and the risk factors associated with these infections. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to October 1999 assessing postpartum and pregnant women from the maternity ward of the Vitória Mercy Hospital and the Carapina Outpatient Referral Unit in the Municipality of Serra, respectively. Patients were systematically interviewed and had blood samples drawn for serological tests (HIV 1&2, VDRL, HbsAg, anti-HCV, and HTLV-I/II). A total of 534 patients (332 postpartum and 202 pregnant women) were assessed. Seroprevalence rates for the target infections in postpartum and pregnant women and the overall sample were as follows, respectively: HIV 0.9%, 0%, and 0.6%; syphilis 2.1%, 3.6%, and 2.7%; HBV 1.2%, 1%, and 1.1%; HCV 1.8%, 0.6%, and 1.4%; and HTLV-I/II 1.7%, 0.6%, and 1.3%. Factors associated with the various infections are presented and analyzed in light of other research findings from the literature.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Anaemia Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-Natal Clinic, Eswatini

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumbidzai Dodzo ◽  
Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin ◽  
Themba G. Ginindza
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Anaemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency diseases observed globally and it affects about a third of the world’s population. Anaemia in pregnant women is a worldwide public health concern that has severe consequences for both mothers and infants, including maternal death and foetal and infant mortality. In Low-income countries (LICs), 25% of indirect maternal mortality and 30% of neonatal deaths are due to anaemia in pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia and assess associated factors among pregnant women attending ante-natal care (ANC) clinic in the Kingdom of Eswatini, which might help for screening, prevention and treatment of anaemia and ultimately prevent its adverse effects. Method: A total of 550 pregnant women between 15 and 49 years from three health facilities were randomly enrolled using a cross-sectional study design, from January to March 2021. Non-probability sampling approach was used to select the appropriate study unit. A face-toface interview was done using a structured questionnaire to collect data. Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the factors associated with anaemia among the women.Results: The overall anaemia prevalence among pregnant women was 43.1% (95% CI: 38.947.3). The mild, moderate and severe cases of anaemia were 21.3% (95%CI: 17.9-24.9); 21.1% (95%CI: 17.8-24.7) and 0.7% (95%CI: 0.2-1.9), respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was high among women aged 20-24 (11.1%, 95%CI: 8.6-14.0) and 25-29years (11.1%, 95%CI: 8.6-14.0). Factors associated with anaemia included living in the urban area (OR=1.8, 95%CI: 1.19-2.72, p=0.005) and having anaemia 6 months before pregnancy (OR=4.64, 95%CI: 1.1518.71, p=0.031). Additionally, gestational age at first ANC also was positively associated with anaemia: 3rd trimester (OR=10.42, 95%CI: 4.27-25.4, p<0.001) and 2nd trimester (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.02-2.60, p=0.043) Conclusion: Anaemia remains prevalent among pregnant women in Eswatini. Thus, a comprehensive anaemia prevention program would be justified and could lower the country’s burden of anemia.

Risk Factors of Preeclampsia among Pregnant Women in Khorramabad (West of Iran)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Mardani ◽  
Farshad Teymouri ◽  
Maryam Rezapour
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Health Care Centers ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia occurs in 2-10% of pregnancies, worldwide, and is characterized as a combination of hypertension and proteinuria. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of preeclampsia in the west of Iran and associated factors. Methods: This is a cross sectional study that was performed on 740 pregnant women between 2014- 2017, who were referred to different health care centers of Khorramabad. The data was collected from these centers and a questionnaire was filled for every woman that included age, height, gender of the neonate, number of pregnancies, multiparity, season of the pregnancy, birth weight, mothers’ body mass index (BMI) before delivery, smoking history and diagnosis of preeclampsia. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 760 subjects included, 1.1% (8 cases) were reported to be presented with preeclampsia. We found a significant difference between non pre-eclamptic and pre-eclamptic patients in terms of BMI (p=0.006), number of pregnancies (p<0.05), maternal age (p<0.05) and weight (p=0.004). With an increase in BMI and the number of pregnancies, the risk of preeclampsia was elevated. Pre-eclamptic mothers had higher body weight than non-pre-eclamptic ones (75.9 kg vs. 65.6 kg) and the prevalence of preeclampsia increased with age. Conclusion: The prevalence of preeclampsia was seen to be positively associated with higher BMI, pregnancy rate, mother weight and age are associated with higher prevalence of preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018: An institution based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getnet Gedefaw ◽  
Fikadu Waltengus ◽  
Almaz Akililu ◽  
Kihinetu Gelaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the magnitude of serum HBsAg and the risk factors for Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Bahir Dar. An institution based cross sectional study was implemented from February 1 to May 1, 2018 among 338 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Bahir Dar, 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was implemented. Blood sample was taken from 338 study participants and serum was tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay.Results The overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women were 16(4.7%) (95% CI= 2.7, 7.7). Having a history of blood transfusion (AOR=5.2; 95% CI=1.2-22.3), having a history of multiple sexual partners (AOR=4.6; 95% CI=1.1-19.6) and having a history tonsillectomy (traditional surgical procedure) AOR=3.4; 95% CI=1.1-10.1) were the significant risk factors for Hepatitis B virus infection.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and obstetric risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women in rural Tamil Nadu

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Abiselvi A. ◽  
Gopalakrishnan S. ◽  
Umadevi R. ◽  
Rama R.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Anaemia in pregnant women remains one of the most intractable public health problems in developing countries because of various socio-cultural factors like illiteracy, poverty, lack of awareness, cultural and religious taboos, poor dietary habits, and high prevalence of parasitic infestation. The study was aimed at determining the factors associated with anaemia among rural pregnant women in the field practice area of our medical college in Tamil Nadu. Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study among 270 pregnant women registered at our rural health training centre. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained prior to the data collection. A pilot tested structured interview schedule was used to elicit questions related to socio-demographic and obstetric factors and hemoglobin levels were recorded from their mother child protection card. Various factors associated with anaemic status of the pregnant mothers were analysed using chi square for significance at 95% confidence interval. Results: Among the study participants, 41.5% were found to be anaemic. Passive smoking [kitchen smoke, cigarette/beedi smoke] (p<0.004 and X2-8.2), dietary habits (p<0.009 and X2-6.8), irregular iron folic acid tablet consumption (p<0.0001 and X2-59.1) and deworming (p<0.0001 and X2-12.4) were found to be significantly associated with anaemia.Conclusions: Anaemia is a social problem, wherein the knowledge and attitudes of the pregnant women deeply influence the disease burden. The results suggest that pregnant women and their family members should be educated to understand the importance of anaemia and its associated risk factors. 

scholarly journals Risk factors associated withCampylobacterdetected by PCR in humans and animals in rural Cambodia

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 2979-2988 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. OSBJER ◽  
S. BOQVIST ◽  
S. SOKERYA ◽  
K. CHHENG ◽  
S. SAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Zoonotic Risk

SUMMARYCampylobacterare worldwide-occurring zoonotic bacteria, with the speciesCampylobacter jejuniandC. colicommonly associated with diarrhoea in children in low-income countries. In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence ofC. jejuniandC. coliin human and livestock faecal samples was detected by PCR and zoonotic risk factors associated with humanCampylobacterpositivity were identified. In total 681 humans and 753 livestock (chickens, ducks, pigs, cattle) from 269 households were sampled. Children aged <16 years were more frequentlyCampylobacterpositive (19%) than adults (8%) and multilevel logistic models revealed that humanC. jejunipositivity was associated with the following household practices: home-slaughtering [odds ratio (OR) 2·4,P= 0·01], allowing animals access to sleeping and food preparation areas (OR 2·8,P= 0·02), and eating undercooked meat (OR 6·6,P= 0·05), while frequent consumption of beef was protective (OR 0·9,P= 0·05). Associations were stronger for home-slaughtering (OR 4·9,P= 0·004) withC. jejuniinfection in children only.Campylobacterwas highly prevalent in pigs (72%) and chickens (56%) and risk factors associated with humanCampylobacterpositivity were identified throughout the meat production chain. The findings underline the importance of studying source attributions throughout the production chain and the need for upgraded understanding ofCampylobacterepidemiology in low-income countries.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e026722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheda Khanam ◽  
Salahuddin Ahmed ◽  
Sayedur Rahman ◽  
Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria ◽  
Jafar Raza Rizvi Syed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Males And Females

ObjectivesLow-income and middle-income countries are undergoing epidemiological transition, however, progression is varied. Bangladesh is simultaneously experiencing continuing burden of communicable diseases and emerging burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). For effective use of limited resources, an increased understanding of the shifting burden and better characterisation of risk factors of NCDs, including hypertension is needed. This study provides data on prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among males and females 35 years and older in rural Bangladesh.MethodsThis is a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Zakiganj and Kanaighat subdistricts of Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Blood pressure was measured and data on risk factors were collected using STEPS instrument from 864 males and 946 females aged 35 years and older between August 2017 and January 2018. Individuals with systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive drugs were considered hypertensive. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was 18.8% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.5) and 18.7% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.3) in adult males and females, respectively. Among those who were hypertensive, the prevalence of controlled, uncontrolled and unaware/newly identified hypertension was 23.5%, 25.9% and 50.6%, respectively among males and 38.4%, 22.6% and 39.0%, respectively among females. Another 22.7% males and 17.8% females had prehypertension. Increasing age and higher waist circumference (≥90 cm for males and ≥80 cm for females) were positively associated with hypertension both in males (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.5 to 6.4) and females (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.1).ConclusionsIn view of the high burden of hypertension and prehypertension, a context-specific scalable public health programme including behaviour change communications, particularly to increase physical activity and consumption of healthy diet, as well as identification and management of hypertension needs to be developed and implemented.

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