scholarly journals Risk factors associated withCampylobacterdetected by PCR in humans and animals in rural Cambodia

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 2979-2988 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. OSBJER ◽  
S. BOQVIST ◽  
S. SOKERYA ◽  
K. CHHENG ◽  
S. SAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Zoonotic Risk

SUMMARYCampylobacterare worldwide-occurring zoonotic bacteria, with the speciesCampylobacter jejuniandC. colicommonly associated with diarrhoea in children in low-income countries. In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence ofC. jejuniandC. coliin human and livestock faecal samples was detected by PCR and zoonotic risk factors associated with humanCampylobacterpositivity were identified. In total 681 humans and 753 livestock (chickens, ducks, pigs, cattle) from 269 households were sampled. Children aged <16 years were more frequentlyCampylobacterpositive (19%) than adults (8%) and multilevel logistic models revealed that humanC. jejunipositivity was associated with the following household practices: home-slaughtering [odds ratio (OR) 2·4,P= 0·01], allowing animals access to sleeping and food preparation areas (OR 2·8,P= 0·02), and eating undercooked meat (OR 6·6,P= 0·05), while frequent consumption of beef was protective (OR 0·9,P= 0·05). Associations were stronger for home-slaughtering (OR 4·9,P= 0·004) withC. jejuniinfection in children only.Campylobacterwas highly prevalent in pigs (72%) and chickens (56%) and risk factors associated with humanCampylobacterpositivity were identified throughout the meat production chain. The findings underline the importance of studying source attributions throughout the production chain and the need for upgraded understanding ofCampylobacterepidemiology in low-income countries.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Anaemia Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-Natal Clinic, Eswatini

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumbidzai Dodzo ◽  
Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin ◽  
Themba G. Ginindza
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Anaemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency diseases observed globally and it affects about a third of the world’s population. Anaemia in pregnant women is a worldwide public health concern that has severe consequences for both mothers and infants, including maternal death and foetal and infant mortality. In Low-income countries (LICs), 25% of indirect maternal mortality and 30% of neonatal deaths are due to anaemia in pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia and assess associated factors among pregnant women attending ante-natal care (ANC) clinic in the Kingdom of Eswatini, which might help for screening, prevention and treatment of anaemia and ultimately prevent its adverse effects. Method: A total of 550 pregnant women between 15 and 49 years from three health facilities were randomly enrolled using a cross-sectional study design, from January to March 2021. Non-probability sampling approach was used to select the appropriate study unit. A face-toface interview was done using a structured questionnaire to collect data. Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the factors associated with anaemia among the women.Results: The overall anaemia prevalence among pregnant women was 43.1% (95% CI: 38.947.3). The mild, moderate and severe cases of anaemia were 21.3% (95%CI: 17.9-24.9); 21.1% (95%CI: 17.8-24.7) and 0.7% (95%CI: 0.2-1.9), respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was high among women aged 20-24 (11.1%, 95%CI: 8.6-14.0) and 25-29years (11.1%, 95%CI: 8.6-14.0). Factors associated with anaemia included living in the urban area (OR=1.8, 95%CI: 1.19-2.72, p=0.005) and having anaemia 6 months before pregnancy (OR=4.64, 95%CI: 1.1518.71, p=0.031). Additionally, gestational age at first ANC also was positively associated with anaemia: 3rd trimester (OR=10.42, 95%CI: 4.27-25.4, p<0.001) and 2nd trimester (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.02-2.60, p=0.043) Conclusion: Anaemia remains prevalent among pregnant women in Eswatini. Thus, a comprehensive anaemia prevention program would be justified and could lower the country’s burden of anemia.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HTLV-I/II infection in low-income postpartum and pregnant women in Greater Metropolitan Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 668-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Helena Mello de Lima ◽  
Maria Carmen Viana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Espirito Santo

Sexually transmitted infections during pregnancy pose a major risk to the fetus due to vertical transmission. The study's objective was to determine the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and HTLV-I/II infection among low-income postpartum and pregnant women treated in Greater Metropolitan Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, and the risk factors associated with these infections. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to October 1999 assessing postpartum and pregnant women from the maternity ward of the Vitória Mercy Hospital and the Carapina Outpatient Referral Unit in the Municipality of Serra, respectively. Patients were systematically interviewed and had blood samples drawn for serological tests (HIV 1&2, VDRL, HbsAg, anti-HCV, and HTLV-I/II). A total of 534 patients (332 postpartum and 202 pregnant women) were assessed. Seroprevalence rates for the target infections in postpartum and pregnant women and the overall sample were as follows, respectively: HIV 0.9%, 0%, and 0.6%; syphilis 2.1%, 3.6%, and 2.7%; HBV 1.2%, 1%, and 1.1%; HCV 1.8%, 0.6%, and 1.4%; and HTLV-I/II 1.7%, 0.6%, and 1.3%. Factors associated with the various infections are presented and analyzed in light of other research findings from the literature.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among persons with diabetes in Kampala, Uganda: A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAKI SIFA ◽  
JONH BOSCO ISUNJU ◽  
DAVID KAISHUSHA ◽  
FISTON MUNEZA ◽  
SYLVESTER SSEMANDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract BackgroundThe prevalence of Diabetes has been rising more rapidly in middle and low-income countries. In Africa, World Health Organization projections anticipate Diabetes Mellitus to be the seventh leading cause of death in 2030. Alcohol consumption intervene mainly in diabetes evolution, in such a way that it can interfere with self-care behaviors which are important determinants of diabetes prognosis. In this study, we evaluate factors associated with alcohol consumption among persons with Diabetes in Kampala so as to inform management policies and improve comprehensive diabetes care.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted systematically among 290 adults with diabetes, attending diabetic clinics at Mulago National Referral hospital and St Francis hospital Nsambya. Data was entered and analyzed in the EPI-INFO version 7 and STATA 13 software. Modified Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with alcohol consumption among persons with diabetes. All tests were two-sided and the significance level for all the analyses was set to p < 0.05.Results23.45% of persons with Diabetes are taking alcohol [95%CI: 18.9–28.7%]. Of these, 11.3% [95%CI: 8.1–15.6%] consumed alcohol hazardously last year due to stress (58.8%). Divorced, separated and Widow patients (Adj PR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21–0.83), Protestant (Adj PR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.24–0.82); Muslim (Adj PR: 0.30%CI: 0.14–0.62); and Pentecostal (Adj PR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.15–0.65) were less likely to consume alcohol. Diabetic patients who spend more than five years with diabetes were more likely to consume alcohol (Adj PR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.25–2.88)ConclusionThe prevalence of alcohol consumption among persons with Diabetes in Kampala is high. The majority of persons with Diabetes consume alcohol hazardously due to stress. Having spent less than five years with diabetes, being widow, Protestant, Muslim and Pentecostal are associated with less consumption of alcohol. Regular screening for stress must be done among persons with Diabetes and affected individuals should be supported to reduce their stress. Sensitization message regarding alcohol consumption among persons with Diabetes should be targeting never married patients and patients who have spent more than five years with diabetes; also religion should be considered as an important avenue for health education in the community.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e026722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheda Khanam ◽  
Salahuddin Ahmed ◽  
Sayedur Rahman ◽  
Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria ◽  
Jafar Raza Rizvi Syed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Males And Females

ObjectivesLow-income and middle-income countries are undergoing epidemiological transition, however, progression is varied. Bangladesh is simultaneously experiencing continuing burden of communicable diseases and emerging burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). For effective use of limited resources, an increased understanding of the shifting burden and better characterisation of risk factors of NCDs, including hypertension is needed. This study provides data on prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among males and females 35 years and older in rural Bangladesh.MethodsThis is a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Zakiganj and Kanaighat subdistricts of Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Blood pressure was measured and data on risk factors were collected using STEPS instrument from 864 males and 946 females aged 35 years and older between August 2017 and January 2018. Individuals with systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive drugs were considered hypertensive. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was 18.8% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.5) and 18.7% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.3) in adult males and females, respectively. Among those who were hypertensive, the prevalence of controlled, uncontrolled and unaware/newly identified hypertension was 23.5%, 25.9% and 50.6%, respectively among males and 38.4%, 22.6% and 39.0%, respectively among females. Another 22.7% males and 17.8% females had prehypertension. Increasing age and higher waist circumference (≥90 cm for males and ≥80 cm for females) were positively associated with hypertension both in males (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.5 to 6.4) and females (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.1).ConclusionsIn view of the high burden of hypertension and prehypertension, a context-specific scalable public health programme including behaviour change communications, particularly to increase physical activity and consumption of healthy diet, as well as identification and management of hypertension needs to be developed and implemented.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among persons with diabetes in Kampala, Uganda: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Sifa Salama ◽  
Jonh Bosco Isunju ◽  
Salama Kaishusha David ◽  
Fiston Muneza ◽  
Sylvester Ssemanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background The prevalence of diabetes has been rising increasing rapidly in middle- and low-income countries. In Africa, the World Health Organization projections anticipate diabetes mellitus to be the seventh leading cause of death in by 2030. Alcohol consumption influences diabetes evolution, in such a way that it can interfere with self-care behaviours which are important determinants of diabetes prognosis. In this study, we evaluated factors associated with alcohol consumption among persons with diabetes in Kampala to inform management policies and improve comprehensive diabetes care. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted systematically among 290 adults with diabetes, attending diabetic clinics at Mulago National Referral Hospital and St Francis Hospital Nsambya. Data were entered and analysed in Epi-Info version 7 and STATA 13 software. Modified Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with alcohol consumption among persons with diabetes. All tests were two-sided and the significance level for all analyses was set to p < 0.05. Results The prevalence of alcohol consumption among persons with diabetes was 23.45% [95% CI: 18.9–28.7%]. Divorced, separated and widowed patients (Adj PR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21–0.83); and Protestant (Adj PR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24–0.82); Muslim (Adj PR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14–0.62); and Pentecostal (Adj PR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.15–0.65) patients were less likely to consume alcohol. Diabetic patients who had a diabetes duration greater than 5 years were more likely to consume alcohol (Adj PR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.25–2.88). Conclusion Approximately one-quarter of participants consumed alcohol. However being catholic, never being married and having diabetes for more than 5 years predisposed persons with diabetes to alcohol consumption. Sensitization messages regarding alcohol consumption among persons with diabetes should be target patients who have never been married and those who have spent more than 5 years with diabetes; religion should also be considered as an important venue for health education in the community.

Women's Perception of Cervical Cancer and Its Prevention in Rural Laos

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keokedthong Phongsavan ◽  
Alongkone Phengsavanh ◽  
Rolf Wahlström ◽  
Lena Marions
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background:Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of women in the world, and it becomes a major cause of cancer mortality in low-income countries. Currently, little is known regarding cervical cancer incidence in Laos, although it is anticipated to be high like in neighboring countries. To be able to develop a screening program in the country, it is essential to explore women's perception of the disease. The purpose of this study was therefore to describe knowledge, awareness, and attitudes regarding cervical cancer among rural women of Laos.Methods:In a descriptive cross-sectional study, women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic factors, knowledge of the disease and its risk factors, awareness, and attitudes toward cervical cancer and its prevention.Results:Eight hundred women were included in the study, and 58% claimed to know about cervical cancer. Approximately one third (38%) considered themselves to be at risk, but less than 5% had ever had a Papanicolau test. Sixty-two percent believed it was possible to prevent cervical cancer and that vaccination may be a suitable method, but only 14% know about risk factors. Another method for prevention was frequent vaginal douching, which was suggested by 70% of the women. Symptoms like bleeding and discharge were correctly identified as possible indicators of cervical cancer, but only 57 women (7%) knew that an early stage of the disease could be symptom-free. Lack of subjective symptoms was the main reason for women to refrain from gynecological examinations.Conclusions:This study indicates that rural women in Laos have limited knowledge about cervical cancer and even less about screening and prevention. There is a need to educate the general community about the disease and its prevention.

scholarly journals Group B Streptococci Colonization in Pregnant Guatemalan Women: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Vaginal Microbiome

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Rick ◽  
Angie Aguilar ◽  
Rosita Cortes ◽  
Remei Gordillo ◽  
Mario Melgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Infection causes 1 of every 5 neonatal deaths globally. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the most significant pathogen, although little is known about its epidemiology and risk in low-income countries. Methods A cross-sectional study in 2015 at a public hospital in Guatemala City enrolled women ≥35 weeks’ gestation. Vaginal and rectal swabs were processed using Lim broth and GBS CHROMagar then agglutination testing. Risk factors were assessed using multivariate analysis. Vaginal microbiota were profiled by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing in a subset of 94 women. Results Of 896 pregnant women, 155 (17.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.9–19.9) were GBS colonized. Colonization was associated with history of previous infant with poor outcome (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% CI, 1.15–3.27) and increasing maternal age (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.09). Multiparity was protective (OR, .39; 95% CI, .21–.72). Four (6%) GBS-exposed infants had early-onset neonatal sepsis. Vaginal microbiome composition was associated with previous antibiotic exposure (P = .003) and previous low birth weight infant (P = .03), but not GBS colonization (P = .72). Several individual taxa differed in abundance between colonized and noncolonized women. Conclusions Group B Streptococcus is prevalent in pregnant women from Guatemala with different risk factors than previously described. Although the vaginal microbiome was not altered significantly in GBS-colonized women, use of antibiotics had an effect on its composition.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Blood Donation Practice among College Students in Southwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 677-683
Author(s):  
Tewodros Yosef ◽  
Wondimagegn Wondimu ◽  
Ameha Zewudie ◽  
Aragaw Tesfaw
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Blood transfusion is a crucial element of health care. It contributes to saving millions of lives both in routine and emergencies each year. However, millions of patients do not have timely access to this vital resource in Low-income Countries (LICs), including Ethiopia. Eventhough some shreds of evidence are available at the national level, specific studies regarding blood donation practice among college students are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with blood donation practice among college students in southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 429 Mizan-Aman health science college students from June 01 to 15, 2019. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered and cleaned using EPI-Data version 4.2.0.0, then analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Of the 394 participants, the practice of blood donation was 35.5% (140), 95% CI (30.8%-40.2%). Of the 140 participants, 72 (51.4%) and 120 (85.7%) of the respondents were one-time donors and voluntary blood donors, respectively. The factors associated with the practice blood donation were aged ≥ 23 years, former urban residence, having a mother with primary school completed, having good knowledge, and a positive attitude toward blood donation. Conclusion: The practice of blood donation was not adequate among study populations. Therefore, the consideration of encouragement campaigns and educational sessions within the campus will play paramount importance in the increment of blood donation practice.

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

A Cross-sectional Study of the Clinical Profile of Children With Cerebral Palsy in Benin, a West African Low-Income Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
pp. 842-850
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Segnon Sogbossi ◽  
Damienne Houekpetodji ◽  
Toussaint G. Kpadonou ◽  
Yannick Bleyenheuft
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Classification System ◽  
West African ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is a common cause of pediatric motor disability. Although there are increasing amounts of data on the clinical profile of children with cerebral palsy in high-income countries, corresponding information about low-income countries and developing countries is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to describe the clinical spectrum of cerebral palsy in children in Benin, a representative West African low-income country. Our cross-sectional observational study included 114 children with cerebral palsy recruited from community-based rehabilitation centers and teaching hospitals (median age: 7 years, range 2-17; sex: 66% male). Data were collected through review of medical records and interviews with children’s mothers. Assessment included risk factors, clinical subtypes according to the Surveillance of CP in Europe criteria, severity of motor outcome scored by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System, comorbidities, and school attendance. We recorded a high prevalence of intrapartum adverse events. Seventeen percent of children had postneonatal cerebral palsy, with cerebral malaria being the most common cause. Most children were severely affected (67.5% as bilateral spastic; 54.4% as GMFCS IV or V), but severity declined substantially with age. Only 23% of the children with cerebral palsy had attended school. Poor motor outcomes and comorbidities were associated with school nonattendance. These results suggest that intrapartum risk factors and postnatal cerebral malaria in infants are opportune targets for prevention of cerebral palsy in Sub-Saharan low-income countries.

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