scholarly journals Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among the homeless and in the general population of the city of Porto, Portugal

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1517-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis de Pinho Oliveira ◽  
Maria Lurdes Pereira ◽  
Ana Azevedo ◽  
Nuno Lunet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Meal Programs ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The City ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

We described the distribution of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among homeless people living in the city of Porto, Portugal. Comparisons were made between subsamples of homeless people recruited in different settings and between the overall homeless sample group and a sample of the general population. All "houseless" individuals attending one of two homeless hostels or two institutions providing meal programs on specific days were invited to participate and were matched with subjects from the general population. We estimated sex, age and education-adjusted prevalence ratios or mean differences. The prevalence of previous illicit drug consumption and imprisonment was almost twice as high among the homeless from institutions providing meal programs. This group also showed lower mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Prevalence of smoking was almost 50% higher in the overall homeless group. Mean body mass index and waist circumference were also lower in the homeless group and its members were almost five times less likely to report dyslipidemia. Our findings contribute to defining priorities for interventions directed at this segment of society and to reducing inequalities in this extremely underprivileged population.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors of ultra-Orthodox Jewish women in Israel: a comparison study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Leiter ◽  
K L Greenberg ◽  
M Donchin ◽  
O Keidar ◽  
S Siemiatycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Orthodox Jewish ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Women from low socio-economic, culturally insular populations are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The ultra-Orthodox Jewish (UOJ) community in Israel is a difficult to access, rapidly growing low socio-economic, insular minority with numerous obstacles to health. The current study investigates CVD-related risk factors (RF) in a sample of OUJ women, comparing sample characteristics with the general population. Addressing the questions, 'Are UOJ women at increased risk for CVD?', 'Which RFs should be addressed beyond the general population's?', this study can inform public health initiatives (PHI) for this and similar populations. Methods Self-administered questionnaires completed by a cluster randomized sample of 239 women from a UOJ community included demographics, fruit, vegetables, and sweetened drink consumption, secondhand smoke exposure, physical activity (PA) engagement, and BMI. Population statistics utilized for comparison of demographic and cardiovascular risk factors were obtained from government-sponsored national surveys. Results Compared with the general population, UOJ women were less likely to consume 5 fruits and vegetables a day (12.7% vs. 24.3%, p<.001) and more likely to consume > 5 cups of sweetened beverages a day (18.6% vs. 12.6%, p=.019). UOJ women also reported less secondhand smoke exposure (7.2% vs. 51.4%, p<.001) and higher rates of PA recommendation adherence (60.1% vs. 25.6%, p<.0001) than the general population. Obesity was higher in UOJ women (24.3% vs. 16.1%, p<.0001). Conclusions This study suggests that PHIs in this population target healthy weight maintenance, nutrition, and PA. As a consequence of this study, the first CVD prevention intervention has been implemented in this population, targeting the identified RFs. Utilizing a mixed methods and community-based participatory approach, this innovative 3-year intervention reached over 2,000 individuals. Key messages This study identified nutrition risk behaviors and high levels of obesity in a difficult to access, minority population. This study informed the planning and implementation of a community-based PHI.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Issues Among Homeless People: An Issue that Needs Attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117954682097503
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haisum Maqsood ◽  
Omer Kamal ◽  
David Charytan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cardiovascular Prognosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Common Causes

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death with social factors increasingly recognized as determinants of cardiovascular prognosis. Homelessness, transient or chronic, may be one of the factors which predict treatment access and eventual outcomes as socially and economically disadvantaged group has high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, and delayed diagnosis and poor control of other risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. This perspective article aims to discuss the issues associated with cardiovascular disease treatment, outcomes and future directions for homeless patients.

scholarly journals Practical ways to deal with the high burden of cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Jayme Galvão de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dialysis Patients

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death among hemodialysis patients. Although uremia by itself may be considered to be a cardiovascular risk factor, a significant proportion of dialysis patients die because of cardiovascular disease not directly attributable to uremia. Indeed, many of the cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors in these patients are common to those occurring in the general population and are amenable to intervention. Lack of proper medical care during the early stages of renal insufficiency and present-day dialysis routines, by failing to correct hypertension, hypervolemia and left ventricular hypertrophy in many patients, may also add to the cardiovascular burden. The author suggests that, in addition to early treatment and referral to a specialist, chronic renal failure patients should undergo intensive cardiovascular screening and treatment, and correction of cardiovascular risk factors based on guidelines established for the general population.

How to compare cardiovascular disease and risk factors in elderly patients with haemophilia with the general population

Haemophilia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. e406-e416 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Berger ◽  
D. Schopohl ◽  
G. Lowe ◽  
P. A. Holme ◽  
R. C. Tait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Elderly Patients

Metabolic health in patients with schizophrenia – CVD risk in a Norwegian outpatient population

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s810-s810
Author(s):  
J. Engh ◽  
E. Andersen ◽  
E. Martinsen ◽  
J. Egeland ◽  
T.L. Holmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
General Population ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The mortality of schizophrenia patients is approximately twice that of the general population and there is a 20% reduction in life expectancy in this patient group. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for as much as 50% of the excess mortality associated with schizophrenia. One important source of the high CVD prevalence is the cluster of metabolic characteristics defining the metabolic syndrome (MetS: 3 or more of the following features: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, elevated levels of triglycerides and fasting glucose and low levels of high-density lipoproteins). Patients with schizophrenia seem to be undertreated for these vascular risk factors relative to the general population. More knowledge is needed concerning broadened risk factors of cardiovascular disease in a representative sample of schizophrenia patients. We conducted preliminary cross sectional analyses in a sample of 64 consecutive outpatients with schizophrenia with a mean age of 37 years consisting of 59% men, who were enrolled in a treatment study. All used antipsychotics, and 71% were smokers. We found that (percentage of patients under treatment for the respective somatic condition in parenthesis) 82% were overweight, 49% had hypertonia (17%), 24% hyperglycemia (3%), 48% hypertriglyceridemia and 13% hyperlipidemia (10% triglycerid or cholesterol lowering medication). Forty percent had metabolic syndrome compared to 11% in the normal population (Norway, age corrected). Additionally, estimates of insulin resistance will be conducted. We found that the prevalence of MetS components was high in outpatient schizophrenia. A substantial discrepancy was found between metabolic ill health and medication treatment of such conditions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Myocardial Biomarkers for Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
New Biomarkers

The identification of those persons in the population who have the highest risk of future cardiovascular events is important for targeting intensive preventive efforts. This can be reliably done using a handful of long since established risk factors. The unmet need for new molecular biomarkers for prediction of cardiovascular events in the general population is therefore low. In order for a new biomarker to be used clinically for risk prediction, a statistically significant association of levels of the biomarker to adverse outcome is not enough, but the biomarker should also be demonstrated to add discriminative capacity beyond established risk factors. In contrast to the limited value of new biomarkers for risk prediction, their usefulness for unraveling the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is large. The myocardium is the source of a vast number of interesting biomarkers, of which a few may be useful for risk prediction in the general population. Two of these, troponin-I and the N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide, have passed tests of added discriminatory value. Numerous other biomarkers produced by cardiomyocytes or non-cardiomyocytes in the myocardium are promising, and if they are not proven useful for risk prediction, they will unquestionably enhance our understanding of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract 3758: High Pulse Wave Velocity has a Strong Impact on Early Carotid Atherosclerosis in a Japanese General Population

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Kubozono ◽  
Masaaki Miyata ◽  
Shuichi Hamasaki ◽  
Kazuto Saito ◽  
Ken Kusano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Japanese General Population

Background : Pathological changes in large arteries make an important contribution to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The etiology and progression of such changes involve both structural and functional components. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid artery has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), which reflects functional arterial stiffness, is reported to be a prognostic predictor of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between carotid IMT and cardiovascular risk factors in a Japanese general population. Methods : The study group consisted of 1843 subjects (1583 men, 260 women, mean age: 57±10 years) undergoing routine health checkups. IMT of common carotid artery was measured with high-resolution ultrasonography. Brachial-ankle (baPWV) and blood pressure (BP) was measured using automated device. Obesity was shown by body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP (SBP) ≥130 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 85 mmHg. Dyslipidemia was identified by low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) concentration ≥ 140mg/dl, triglyceride (TG) ≥ 150 mg/dl, or high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ≥ 40 mg/dl. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 110 gm/dl. Results : Univariate analysis demonstrated that carotid IMT significantly associated with age, BMI, SBP, DBP, baPWV, fasting glucose, LDL, TG, and HDL. Multiple logistic regression analysis for carotid atherosclerosis (carotid IMT ≥ 1.0 mm) was performed using obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, IFG, and high baPWV (≥ 400 cm/sec). After adjustment for age and gender, carotid atherosclerosis was significantly associated with high baPWV (OR: 2.256, 95% CI: 1.244 – 4.093, P < 0.01) and hypertension (OR: 1.543, 95% CI: 1.009 –2.361, P < 0.05). Conclusion : Carotid IMT correlated with conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, high PWV was a stronger predictor of early carotid atherosclerosis rather than hypertension, dyslipidemia, and IFG in a Japanese general population.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Dyslipidemia with the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshrik Abd alamir ◽  
Michael Goyfman ◽  
Adib Chaus ◽  
Firas Dabbous ◽  
Leslie Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Background.The extent of coronary artery calcium (CAC) improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction. The association between common dyslipidemias (combined hyperlipidemia, simple hypercholesterolemia, metabolic Syndrome (MetS), isolated low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and isolated hypertriglyceridemia) compared with normolipidemia and the risk of multivessel CAC is underinvestigated.Objectives.To determine whether there is an association between common dyslipidemias compared with normolipidemia, and the extent of coronary artery involvement among MESA participants who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline.Methods.In a cross-sectional analysis, 4,917 MESA participants were classified into six groups defined by specific LDL-c, HDL-c, or triglyceride cutoff points. Multivessel CAC was defined as involvement of at least 2 coronary arteries. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis evaluated the association of each group with multivessel CAC after adjusting for CVD risk factors.Results.Unadjusted analysis showed that all groups except hypertriglyceridemia had statistically significant prevalence ratios of having multivessel CAC as compared to the normolipidemia group. The same groups maintained statistical significance prevalence ratios with multivariate analysis adjusting for other risk factors including Agatston CAC score [combined hyperlipidemia 1.41 (1.06–1.87), hypercholesterolemia 1.55 (1.26–1.92), MetS 1.28 (1.09–1.51), and low HDL-c 1.20 (1.02–1.40)].Conclusion.Combined hyperlipidemia, simple hypercholesterolemia, MetS, and low HDL-c were associated with multivessel coronary artery disease independent of CVD risk factors and CAC score. These findings may lay the groundwork for further analysis of the underlying mechanisms in the observed relationship, as well as for the development of clinical strategies for primary prevention.

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