Soil management and nitrogen fertilization for sprinkler-irrigated upland rice cultivars

The use of sprinkler irrigation for rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop is a relatively recent practice in Brazil. Therefore, crop soil and fertilization management are still not very well defined. Another problem is the inexistence of specific cultivars adapted to this cropping system. This study aimed to evaluate sprinkler-irrigated upland rice cultivars under different soil management practices and nitrogen sidedressing rates in relation to yield and grain quality. A randomized block design was used, arranged as a 3 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme, totaling 45 treatments consisting of the combination of three rice cultivars (Primavera, Confiança and Maravilha), three soil management systems (disk harrow + levelling harrow, moldboard plow + levelling harrow and no-till) and five nitrogen rates, applied as sidedressing (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1), with four replicates. The experiment was set up during the 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 cropping seasons, in Selvíria, MS, Brazil, on a Typic Haplustox of clayey texture. Cultivars Primavera and Maravilha presented higher grain yield than Confiança; on the other hand the latter showed higher milled and head rice yields during seed processing. Soil tillage with the moldboard plow and no-till interfered positively in the agronomic and productive characteristics of the crop. In relation to milled rice yield, tilling with the levelling disk + moldboard plow showed better results in relation to no-till. Nitrogen sidedressing did not interfere with the agronomic and productive characteristcs as well as with the milled rice yield of all cultivars.

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Evaluation of Different Nutrient Management Practices in Yield of Different Rice Cultivars in Lamjung District of Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v4i2.15127 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 223-227

Author(s):

S. Ranabhat ◽

L.P. Amgain

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Fertilizer Recommendations ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Biological Yield

A field experiment was conducted on farmer’s field at two sites of Lamjung district of Nepal viz. Bhotewodar and Sundarbazaar to evaluate the performance of two commonly grown rice varieties viz US-382(hybrid) and Ramdhan (improved) under two nutrient management practices [Nutrient Expert®(NE) rice model recommendation, and government recommendation(GR)].Four replicates of four treatments were arranged in randomized completely block design. Rice varieties responded differently under the different nutrient management practices in terms of plant height, grains per panicle, sterility%, panicle weight, grain yield at 15% moisture, straw yield and harvesting index. The highest grain yield was obtained from NE field of US-382 variety which was followed by GR for US-382, NE for Ramdhan and GR for Ramdhan variety. NE based practices for US-382 variety produced higher biological yield as compared to GR. NE estimated attainable rice yield provided by the software compared with actual rice yield from the trials in farmer’s field and NE-based fertilizer recommendations proved the validity in reaching the yield targets estimated by the software. The observed rice yields recorded in the trials were higher than the NE estimated attainable yields, so NE recommendation for US-382 variety was found better over GR.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 223-227

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Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1241

Author(s):

Stanko Vršič ◽

Marko Breznik ◽

Borut Pulko ◽

Jesús Rodrigo-Comino

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Management ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Soil Biodiversity ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Green Cover ◽

The Impact

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

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Genotype selection and addition of fertilizer increases grain yield in upland rice in Suriname

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201603374 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 185-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adriano Stephan NASCENTE ◽

Ruby KROMOCARDI

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Trials ◽

Application Rate ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The upland rice farmers in Suriname use local varieties and low level technologies in the field. As a result, the upland rice grain yield is low, at about 1 000 kg ha-1. Our objective was to evaluate the use of upland rice cultivars from Suriname and Brazil, and the effect of nitrogen, N, phosphorus, P, and potassium, K, fertilizers on cultivation variables. We undertook four field trials in the Victoria Area, in the Brokopondo District, using a randomized block design each with four replications. The most productive rice varieties were BRS Esmeralda (grain yield 2 903 kg ha-1) and BRS Sertaneja (2 802 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2 620 kg ha-1 was achieved with a top dressing application of 76.41 kg N ha-1 20 days after sowing. For P, the highest grain yield of 3 085 kg ha-1 was achieved with application of 98.06 kg ha-1 P2O5 applied at sowing. An application rate of 31.45 kg ha-1 of K2O at sowing achieved the highest grain yield of 2 952 kg ha-1. Together, these application rates of N, P and K resulted in rice grain yield of about 3 000 kg ha-1, which is three times greater than the national average for upland rice. We demonstrate that the use of improved rice varieties matched to the local conditions, and application of appropriate fertilizers, are management practices that can result in significant increases in rice grain yield in Suriname.

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Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832012000200017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 475-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José Hildernando Bezerra Barreto ◽

Ismail Soares ◽

José Almeida Pereira ◽

Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽

José Aridiano Lima de Deus

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

N Application ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

N Rates

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering.

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Associations Between Different Soil Management Practices, Soil Fauna and Maize Yield

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n9p333 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 333 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Luiza Privado Martins ◽

Glécio Machado Siqueira ◽

Emanoel Gomes de Moura ◽

Raimunda Alves Silva ◽

Anágila Janenis Cardoso Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Fauna ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Management ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Maize Grain

Soil fauna play an important role in ecosystems, and in this context, it is important to better understand how the abiotic and biotic drivers of these organisms interact. We hypothesize that soil fauna are affected by different soil management practices, which has an influence on maize grain yields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the structure of soil fauna under different soil management practices and their associations with maize grain yield. The experiment was conducted in Maranhão, Brazil, in an area divided into 24 plots of 4 × 10 m in a randomized block design with six treatments with four replicates (R). Pitfall traps were placed in the area. The treatments were Leucaena leucocephala-Leucaena (L), nitrogen (N), humic acid + nitrogen (HA + N), nitrogen + Leucaena (N + L), humic acid + Leucaena (HA + L) and humic acid + nitrogen + Leucaena (HA + N + L). The soil fauna dominance, abundance, richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and maize grain yield were determined. Formicidae was clearly affected by management with Leucaena, while Coleoptera was affected by management with nitrogen. Despite this, Isopoda and Diplura were the only groups associated with the maize yield. Although fauna abundance did not differ among treatments, it was related to the yield. This study confirms that the abundance and some taxa of soil fauna can influence yield and that these organisms can be used to increase agricultural sustainability.

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Cultivar and Weeding Effects on Weeds and Rice Yields in a Degraded Upland Environment of the Coastal Savanna

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-10-00172.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 322-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Amadou Touré ◽

Jonne Rodenburg ◽

Kazuki Saito ◽

Sylvester Oikeh ◽

Koichi Futakuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Weed Suppressive Ability ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Growing Conditions

Weeds are a major constraint to rice production in labor-limited, upland rice-based systems in West Africa. The effects of weeding regimes and rice cultivars on weed growth and rice yield were investigated at two upland locations (Abomey-Calavi and Niaouli) in the degraded coastal savanna zone of Benin in 2005 and 2006 with below-average rainfall. Four weeding regimes (hoe weeding at 21 d after sowing [DAS], delayed hoe weeding at 31 DAS, hoe weeding at 21 and 42 DAS, and a no weeding control) were the main plot treatments. Cultivars comprising three interspecific upland rice cultivars (NERICA 1, NERICA 2, and NERICA 7) and the parents (Oryza sativaWAB56-104 andO. glaberrimaCG14) were tested in subplots. The most dominant weed species identified were Jamaican crabgrass,Mariscus, and silver spinach. Rice yield was generally low because of drought stress; none of the experiments had a higher mean yield than 1,400 kg ha−1across cultivars. Across cultivars, the best weeding regimes in terms of weed control and rice yields were single weeding at 31 DAS (W31) and double weeding at 21 and 42 DAS (W21+42). Under these weeding regimes, WAB56-104 out-yielded the three NERICA cultivars. CG14 showed the strongest weed suppressive ability (WSA) in Abomey-Calavi but did not have strong WSA in Niaouli because of lower biomass accumulation. WSA of WAB56-104 was similar to that of the three NERICA cultivars. Single weeding at 31 DAS, together with the use of cultivars with good adaptation to unfavorable rice growing conditions, would increase land and labor productivity of upland rice-based systems in West Africa.

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Sustainable Viticulture: Effects of Soil Management in Vitis vinifera

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121949 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1949

Author(s):

Eleonora Cataldo ◽

Linda Salvi ◽

Sofia Sbraci ◽

Paolo Storchi ◽

Giovan Battista Mattii

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Water Potential ◽

Management Practices ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Stem Water Potential

Soil management in vineyards is of fundamental importance not only for the productivity and quality of grapes, both in biological and conventional management, but also for greater sustainability of the production. Conservative soil management techniques play an important role, compared to conventional tillage, in order to preserve biodiversity, to save soil fertility, and to keep vegetative-productive balance. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate long-term adaptation strategies to create a balance between the vine and the surrounding environment. This work sought to assess the effects of following different management practices on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon during 2017 and 2018 seasons: soil tillage (T), temporary cover cropping over all inter-rows (C), and mulching with plant residues every other row (M). The main physiological parameters of vines (leaf gas exchange, stem water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, and indirect chlorophyll content) as well as qualitative and quantitative grape parameters (technological and phenolic analyses) were measured. Significant differences in gas exchanges related to the different season and inter-row management were observed. C showed more negative values of water potential, due to the grass–vine competition, especially when water availability was lower. The competition exerted by C led to differences in fruit setting with impact on yield; therefrom, significant differences also in sugar and anthocyanic content were observed.

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Grain quality of upland rice cultivars in response to cropping systems in the Brazilian tropical savanna

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162008000500004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 468-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽

Orivaldo Arf ◽

Rogério Peres Soratto ◽

Gustavo Pavan Mateus

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Rice Milling

The industrial quality of grain is an important parameter to determine the commercial value of rice and can be influenced by water availability and type of cultivar. The present study aimed to evaluate the milling yield as well as the protein and nutrient contents of polished grains originated from two upland rice cultivars grown under rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated conditions. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot arrangement with eight replicates. Plots consisted of two cropping systems (rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated) with subplots consisting of two cultivars recommended for upland ecosystems (IAC 201 and Carajás). The sprinkler irrigation system increased upland rice milling (8.0%) and head rice yield (23.7%), for years with hot and dry weather spells occurring during the reproductive and maturation stages. Under conditions of lower water availability, the Carajás cultivar showed a milled yield value 5.1% higher than that of cultivar IAC 201. Lower water availability provided increases in protein, N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn contents but reductions in S and Cu in the polished grains. Cultivars IAC 201 and Carajás had similar nutrient contents in the polished grains.

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Influence of different soil management practices on ground-flora vegetation in an almond orchard

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170515000241 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 300-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Fracchiolla ◽

M. Terzi ◽

L. Frabboni ◽

D. Caramia ◽

C. Lasorella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Ground Flora ◽

Weed Flora ◽

Natural Flora ◽

Almond Orchard

AbstractThis paper reports a survey on the weed flora and seed bank in an almond orchard sited in Apulia region (Southern Italy), where the following soil management practices have been compared for over 30 yrs: no-tillage, keeping the soil totally weed-free throughout the year by using pre-emergence herbicides to prevent plant emergence or post-emergence herbicides in case of weeds already emerged; no-tillage, with post-emergence herbicides; no-tillage, with mowing of natural weed flora in spring; cover cropping, with faba bean sown in November and green manured in springtime; conventional soil tillage. The different management techniques influenced significantly the weed flora in experimental plots, both in terms of quantity and quality. The seed bank was clearly impoverished after the long-term applications of pre-emergence herbicides, both in terms of richness and of diversity. During the fall period, the plots of conventional tillage or pre-emergence herbicides had less natural ground-flora than the others. During springtime, prior to the sward control practices, the plots treated by foliar herbicides or mowing had the highest total weed cover. We conclude that post-emergence weed control by mowing or using chemical herbicides or the green manure of the cover crop may be proposed to reduce impact to the soil and to promote the growth of abundant and sufficiently diversified and balanced flora. If appropriately managed, this flora can provide potential ecological services, without competing with the orchard, as suggested by the literature. During the autumn, natural flora can uptake soil nitrogen thus preventing leaching in the rainy season. In springtime, after the sward has been destroyed, natural flora can supply a substantial amount of biomass to the soil. Indicator species analysis was also used to find the species characterizing each treatment and some of their combinations. Weeds belonging to thePoaceaebotanical family were significantly associated with post-emergence herbicides and mowing treatments. These species produce a substantial amount of biomass and have bunched roots; consequently, they supply beneficial effects by improving porosity and structure of the soil and reducing erosion hazard.

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Soil management and application of agricultural gypsum in a Planosol for soybean cultivation

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20161102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Enio Marchesan ◽

Felipe Tonetto ◽

Gustavo Mack Teló ◽

Lucas Lopes Coelho ◽

Bruno Behenck Aramburu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Soil Management ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

Root Penetration ◽

Deep Tillage ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Gypsum Application

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of soil management systems, tillage, and application of gypsum agricultural to soil, on soybean development in lowland areas. The experiment was carried out on an Alfisol in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement. The two soil tillage practices were without deep tillage and with deep tillage. Gypsum treatments were no gypsum application, 500kg of gypsum ha-1, 1000kg of gypsum ha-1, and 1500kg of gypsum ha-1. Deep tillage resulted in less soil resistance to root penetration during ryegrass cultivation during the soybean offseason, 11 months after applying the management treatments, resulting in higher dry mass of ryegrass in the offseason and higher soybean yield in the following year.

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