Thermal treatment of aluminous phosphates of the crandallite group and its effect on phosphorus solubility

Optimization in the use of phosphate rocks is important and the residues of fertilizer production in the form of crandallite may be suitable for agronomic use after calcination. With the objective of evaluating the effect of thermal treatment of the aluminous phosphates of the crandallite group as related to solubility, crystalline structure and morphology, samples from the mine residues of three Brazilian phosphate deposits (Tapira-MG, Catalão-GO, and Juquiá-SP) were collected, air-dried, and screened to 100 mesh. Sub samples were thermally treated at 300, 500, 700, and 900°C for 2 hours. Treated and untreated materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and for the total and soluble P contents. The treatment of samples: (i) raised P solubility in neutral ammonium citrate solution, (ii) caused the disorganization of the crystalline structure of crandallite at 500°C and above, and (iii) altered their morphology (cracking and rounding). The increase in P solubility of samples after calcination indicates that the agronomic utilization of these marginal P sources may be of interest since plant growth may be favored due to higher P availability. New studies to evaluate these materials in order to determine their agronomic effectiveness must be carried out to establish adequate conditions that favor their use by plants.

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Soybean Fertilized by P-Phases from Bagasse-Based Materials: P-Extraction Procedures, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10060895 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 895

Author(s):

Hannes Herzel ◽

Vitalij Dombinov ◽

Christian Vogel ◽

Sabine Willbold ◽

Gabriel Vettorazzi Levandowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Ammonium Citrate ◽

Chemical Extraction ◽

P Availability ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Chemical Extraction Methods ◽

Diffusive Gradients

The Brazilian sugarcane industry produced around 173 million tons (Mt) of bagasse in 2018. Bagasse is a by-product of juice extraction for ethanol and sugar production and is combusted in order to generate power, producing up to 10 Mt of ash per year. This ash contains various concentrations of plant nutrients, which allow the ash to be used as a crop fertilizer. However, the concentration and extractability of phosphorus (P), an essential plant nutrient, are low in bagasse ash. To increase the P content, we co-gasified and co-combusted bagasse with P-rich chicken manure. The resulting ash was thermochemically post-treated with alkali additives (Na2SO4 and K2SO4) to increase the availability of P to plants. We aimed to: (i) investigate the effect of thermochemical post-treatment of co-gasification residue and co-combustion ash on P availability to soybeans, (ii) explore the potential of chemical extraction methods (citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, formic acid, and Mehlich-I) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to predict the availability of P to soybeans, and (iii) identify the responsible P-phases using X-ray diffraction. We evaluated P availability to soybeans growing in Brazilian Oxisol soil in two independent greenhouse pot experiments. The positive effect of thermochemical treatment on P availability from gasification residue was confirmed through the observation of increased P uptake and biomass in soybean plants. These findings were confirmed by chemical extraction methods and DGT. The gasification residue contained whitlockite as its main P-bearing phase. Thermochemical post-treatment converted whitlockite into highly soluble CaNaPO4. In contrast, co-combustion ash already contained highly soluble Ca(Na,K)PO4 as its main P-bearing phase, making thermochemical post-treatment unnecessary for increasing P availability. In conclusion, increased extractability and availability of P for soybeans were closely connected to the formation of calcium alkali phosphate. Our findings indicate that this combined methodology allows for the prediction of P-fertilization effects of ash.

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Study of the multiplet nature in shpol'skii effect: Host n-heptane crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction and guest coronene position by ESR

Chemical Physics ◽

10.1016/0301-0104(77)87004-3 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 207-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

A.M. Merle ◽

M. Lamotte ◽

S. Risemberg ◽

C. Hauw ◽

J. Gaultier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crystalline Structure ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray

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2D X-ray diffraction and molecular modelling of the crystalline structure of polyesters under uniaxial stress

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/0967391121998225 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096739112199822

Author(s):

Ahmed I Abou-Kandil ◽

Gerhard Goldbeck

Keyword(s):

Crystalline Structure ◽

Molecular Modelling ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Uniaxial Stress ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Wide Range ◽

Modelling Techniques ◽

Diffraction Patterns

Studying the crystalline structure of uniaxially and biaxially drawn polyesters is of great importance due to their wide range of applications. In this study, we shed some light on the behaviour of PET and PEN under uniaxial stress using experimental and molecular modelling techniques. Comparing experiment with modelling provides insights into polymer crystallisation with extended chains. Experimental x-ray diffraction patterns are reproduced by means of models of chains sliding along the c-axis leading to some loss of three-dimensional order, i.e. moving away from the condition of perfect register of the fully extended chains in triclinic crystals of both PET and PEN. This will help us understand the mechanism of polymer crystallisation under uniaxial stress and the appearance of mesophases in some cases as discussed herein.

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Thermal stability and miscibility of co-evaporated methyl ammonium lead halide (MAPbX3, X = I, Br, Cl) thin films analysed by in situ X-ray diffraction

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c8ta02775g ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (24) ◽

pp. 11496-11506 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Paul Pistor ◽

Thomas Burwig ◽

Carlo Brzuska ◽

Björn Weber ◽

Wolfgang Fränzel

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Phase Evolution ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Crystalline Phases ◽

X Ray ◽

Subsequent Thermal Treatment ◽

Lead Halide

We present the identification of crystalline phases by in situ X-ray diffraction during growth and monitor the phase evolution during subsequent thermal treatment of CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl) perovskite thin films.

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Synthesis, structure and thermal expansion of the phosphates M0.5+x M′x Zr2−x (PO4)3 (M, M′–metals in oxidation state +2)

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1515/pac-2016-1005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 523-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Elena Asabina ◽

Vladimir Pet’kov ◽

Pavel Mayorov ◽

Dmitriy Lavrenov ◽

Igor Schelokov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Expansion ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Ir Spectroscopy ◽

Microprobe Analysis ◽

Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽

Sol Gel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Structural Types ◽

The Difference

AbstractThe phosphates M0.5+x M′x Zr2−x (PO4)3 (M–Ca, Mn, Co, Sr, Cd, Ba, Pb; M′–Mg, Mn, Co) were synthesized by sol-gel method with the following thermal treatment of reaction mixtures. X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis showed that the obtained phosphates crystallized in Sc2(WO4)3 (SW) and NaZr2(PO4)3 (NZP) structural types. Both types of crystal structures are based on a framework comprised of octahedra and tetrahedra, the difference between them is fragments orientation. Thermal expansion of the phosphates was studied in the temperature range 20–800°C. Some compounds were found to belong to low-expanding materials (αav ~2·10−6°C−1).

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XRD investigation of thermal degradation of some gamma-irradiated polyethylene terephthalate samples

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s021797921950111x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 1950111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mihai Todica ◽

Zoltan Kovacs-Krauss ◽

Carmen Niculaescu ◽

Marieta Mureşan-Pop

Keyword(s):

Thermal Treatment ◽

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Diffraction Method ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Before And After ◽

Gamma Irradiated ◽

Different Doses

The modification of local structure of some commercial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) samples, gamma irradiated at different doses, was investigated by X-ray diffraction method before and after thermal treatment. Before the thermal treatment, the samples exposed to different doses of gamma radiations, does not show noticeable structural changes. However, the gamma exposure affects the thermal behavior of samples submitted to melting–cooling process. These modifications have been highlighted by X-ray diffraction, and confirmed also by thermal analysis and electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

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Characterization of Shivirtui Zeolite Modified with Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Nanofibers

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.942.40 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 942 ◽

pp. 40-49

Author(s):

Yulia Murashkina ◽

Olga B. Nazarenko

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽

Electronic Microscopy ◽

X Ray ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties ◽

Aluminum Oxyhydroxide

Natural zeolite of Shivirtui deposit (Russia) was modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide AlOOH. Aluminum oxyhydroxide nanofibers were produced at the heating and oxidation of aluminum powder with water. The properties of modified zeolite were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that water content in the modified sample of zeolite was about 15 %. Based on the study of the physical and chemical properties, shivirtui zeolite modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide can be proposed for use as a flame-retardant additive to polymers.

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New Preparation for Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Ni-Mo Alloys by Electrodeposition

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.702.191 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 702 ◽

pp. 191-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ning Li ◽

Lin Lin Wang ◽

Xiao Ming Wang ◽

Wei Zeng Chen

Keyword(s):

Nickel Sulfate ◽

Nanocrystalline Structure ◽

Sulfate Solution ◽

Carbonate Solution ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽

X Ray ◽

Nickel Carbonate ◽

The Stability ◽

Better Than

The amorphous/nanocrystalline Ni-Mo alloys are obtained in alkaline nickel carbonate solution in this paper. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to testify microstructure and morphology of the deposits. It is found that the deposits are composed of amorphous and nanocrystalline structure phases. Compared with the nickel sulfate solution, the amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys are more accessible to be obtained in carbonate solution under the same conditions as the sulfate solution. The internal stress between the deposit and the basement is inexistent with the tiny granules and well-proportioned grains at the coating surface. The stability of the alkaline nickel carbonate solution is much better than the sulfate solution, and the deposit performance is relatively better and easy to be controlled.

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The effects of thermal treatment on the nanomechanical behavior of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex H. de Lehaie) cell walls observed by nanoindentation, XRD, and wet chemistry

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2016-0124 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 129-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yanjun Li ◽

Chengjian Huang ◽

Li Wang ◽

Siqun Wang ◽

Xinzhou Wang

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Wet Chemistry ◽

X Ray ◽

Wet Chemical

Abstract The effects of thermal treatment of bamboo at 130, 150, 170, and 190°C for 2, 4, and 6 h were investigated in terms of changes in chemical composition, cellulose crystallinity, and mechanical behavior of the cell-wall level by means of wet chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nanoindentation (NI). Particularly, the reduced elastic modulus (Er), hardness (H), and creep behavior were in focus. Both the temperature and treatment time showed significant effects. Expectedly, the hemicelluloses were degraded and the relative lignin content was elevated, while the crystallinity of the cellulose moiety was increased upon thermal treatment. The Er and H data of the cell wall were increased after 6 h treatment at 190°C, from 18.4 to 22.0 GPa and from 0.45 to 0.65 GPa, respectively. The thermal treatment led to a decrease of the creep ratio (CIT) under the same conditions by ca. 28%. The indentation strain state (εi) also decreased significantly after thermal treatment during the load-holding stage.

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