Evaluation of sunflower cultivars for central Brazil

Despite a large availability of areas suitable for sunflower cropping in Central Brazil, few adapted cultivars are available in the market. The objective of this work was to select sunflower cultivars adapted to this important production region. Experimental data from 2000 to 2004 were obtained by the National Sunflower Trials, coordinated by Embrapa Soja. The evaluated traits were grain and oil yields. Two criteria were used for selection of cultivars: i) the general mean obtained from different environments; ii) partitioning of general mean in favorable and unfavorable environments. Partitioning of the general mean allowed to detect the specific environment indicated for each cultivar. For grain yield, the cultivar Helio 251 presented general indication, Milênio and CF 17 could be indicated for favorable environments and ACA 884, ACA 885 and ACA 872 for the unfavorable ones. For oil yield, CF 13, Milênio, DK 4030, Helio 250 and ACA 872 had general indication; AG 966, GH 12, GV 26043, CF 17 and VDH 93 could be indicated for favorable environments, while VDH 488, Helio 251, ACA 884 and ACA 885 for the unfavorable conditions. In 2002, the partition of the general mean was not carried out. In this year, general mean of cultivars Exp 37, AG 962, GV 26048 and AG 967 were overweight the controls for grain yield and the cultivars AG 962, AG 967, GV 26048, AG 972, BRS 191, Guarani were overweight the controls for oil yield.

Download Full-text

IMPROVEMENT OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT SELECTION METHODOLOGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/3/33-36 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

А. I. Grabovets ◽

V. P. Kadushkina ◽

S. А. Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Unit Area ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Chemical Mutagenesis ◽

Main Method ◽

The Relationship ◽

Selection Of

With the growing aridity of the climate on the Don, it became necessary to improve the methodology for conducting the breeding of spring durum wheat. The main method of obtaining the source material remains intraspecific step hybridization. Crossings were performed between genetically distant forms, differing in origin and required traits and properties. The use of chemical mutagenesis was a productive way to change the heredity of genotypes in terms of drought tolerance. When breeding for productivity, both in dry years of research and in favorable years, the most objective markers were identified — the size of the aerial mass, the mass of grain per plant, spike, and harvest index. The magnitude of the correlation coefficients between the yield per unit area and the elements of its structure is established. It was most closely associated with them in dry years, while in wet years it decreased. Power the correlation of the characteristics of the pair - the grain yield per square meter - the aboveground biomass averaged r = 0.73, and in dry years it was higher (0.91) than in favorable ones (0.61 - 0.70) , between the harvest and the harvest index - r = 0.81 (on average). In dry years, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.92. Research data confirms the greatest importance of the mass of grain from one ear and the plant in the formation of grain yield per unit area in both dry and wet years. In dry years, the correlation coefficient between yield and grain mass per plant was on average r = 0.80; in favorable years, r = 0.69. The relationship between yield and grain mass from the ear was greater — r = 0.84 and r = 0.82, respectively. Consequently, the breeding significance of the aboveground mass and the productivity of the ear, as a criterion for the selection of the crop, especially increases in the dry years. They were basic in the selection.

Download Full-text

Supporting Physiological Trait for Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Drought-Stressed Popcorn

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081510 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1510

Author(s):

Samuel Henrique Kamphorst ◽

Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves ◽

Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽

Valter Jário de Lima ◽

Kátia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Leaf Angle ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Leaf Greenness ◽

Selection Of

The identification of traits associated with drought tolerance in popcorn is a contribution to support selection of superior plants under soil water deficit. The objective of this study was to choose morphological traits and the leaf greenness index, measured on different dates, to estimate grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), evaluated in a set of 20 popcorn lines with different genealogies, estimated by multiple regression models. The variables were divided into three groups: morpho-agronomic traits—100-grain weight (GW), prolificacy (PR), tassel length (TL), number of tassel branches, anthesis-silking interval, leaf angle (FA) and leaf rolling (FB); variables related to the intensity of leaf greenness during the grain-filling period, at the leaf level, measured by a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and at the canopy level, calculated as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The inbred lines were cultivated under two water conditions: well-watered (WW), maintained at field capacity, and water stress (WS), for which irrigation was stopped before male flowering. The traits GY (55%) and PE (28%) were most affected by water restriction. Among the morpho-agronomic traits, GW and PR were markedly reduced (>10%). Under dry conditions, the FA in relation to the plant stalk tended to be wider, the FB curvature greater and leaf senescence accelerated (>15% at 22 days after male flowering). The use of multiple regression for the selection of predictive traits proved to be a useful tool for the identification of groups of adequate traits to efficiently predict the economically most important features of popcorn (GY and PE). The SPAD index measured 17 days after male flowering proved useful to select indirectly for GY, while, among the morphological traits, TL stood out for the same purpose. Of all traits, PR was most strongly related with PE under WS, indicating its use in breeding programs. The exploitation of these traits by indirect selection is expected to induce increments in GY and PE.

Download Full-text

Wheat breeding history reveals synergistic selection of pleiotropic genomic sites for plant architecture and grain yield

Molecular Plant ◽

10.1016/j.molp.2022.01.004 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Aili Li ◽

Chenyang Hao ◽

Zhenyu Wang ◽

Shuaifeng Geng ◽

Meiling Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Architecture ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Breeding History ◽

Selection Of

Download Full-text

Mechanodestruction of Isoprene Rubber. Part 1. Process Kinetics

Kauchuk i Rezina ◽

10.47664/0022-9466-2021-80-3-118-122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 118-122

Author(s):

V.P. Dorozhkin ◽

◽

E.G. Mokhnatkina ◽

D.N. Zemsky ◽

A.D. Valiev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Molecular Mass ◽

Rate Constants ◽

Oxidative Destruction ◽

Process Kinetics ◽

Mass Fractions ◽

Rubber Part ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Selection Of ◽

Isoprene Rubber

A method is proposed that allows us to obtain the values of the rate constants (CR) of the processes of mechanodestruction (mechanical cracking) of kм, oxidative destruction of kо, and recombination of kр macromolecules, as well as the mass fractions of the corresponding fractions of φм, φо, and φр,r involved in the plasticization process (P) of SKI-3 isoprene rubber. The method is based on the selection of the values of these parameters that correspond to the previously obtained experimental data, using the previously obtained recurrent equations and a specially developed program. The dependences of the CR on the time P at 30oC are obtained, which allows us to describe the kinetics of the processes accompanying P at this temperature, and the changes in molecular mass (MM) in this process. It is shown that constant values of CR are established at large times of P. Refined explanations of the nature of the kinetics of the CR change at P are proposed. The MM value of SKI-3 macromolecules that have not undergone destruction is calculated, depending on the time of plasticization.

Download Full-text

Diallelic analysis for lysine and oil contents in maize grains

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162009000200009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 204-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonardo Oliveira Medici ◽

Salete Aparecida Gaziola ◽

Vanderlei Aparecido Varisi ◽

José Antonio Carmezini de Paula ◽

Renato Rodrigues Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Oil Content ◽

General Combining Ability ◽

Lysine Content ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

N Level ◽

Complete Series ◽

Selection For ◽

Selection Of

Six S5 lines of maize, with differences for lysine and oil contents in grains, were used to carry out a complete series of diallelic crosses. The resulting 15 hybrids were grown in a field at two nitrogen levels (10 and 130 kg N ha-1). The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were obtained by using the method 4, model I of Griffing for grain yield, and grain lysine and oil contents. Significant (p < 0.001) interaction was observed between GCA and N levels for grain yield, indicating the selection of different lines for each N level. This interaction was not significant for lysine content, but there were significant effects of GCA for this trait at both N levels (p < 0.1). Significant effects were not observed for GCA or SCA for oil content, however a positive correlation was observed between lysine and oil contents in the hybrids, in the lines and even in the control cultivars. The results indicate the effectiveness of selection for lysine content, irrespective of N level, in the studied non-opaque maize lines, and the possibility of achieving both high lysine and oil content in grains.

Download Full-text

Performance of F2 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Segregants Derived from a Cross the BPT-5204 / IR-64Drt1

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1230282 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 31-47

Author(s):

Anjani Kumar ◽

D. N. Singh ◽

Krishna Prasad ◽

Avinash Pandey

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Condition ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Drought Condition ◽

Normal Field ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Selection Of

The present investigation was carried out with F2 plants from a cross between two parents i.e., BPT-5204 and IR-64Drt1. The selection of parents for crosses was made based on genotypes that were tolerant and susceptible to drought condition. BPT-5204 was drought susceptible and IR-64Drt1 was also tolerant to drought. In this experiment adequate amount of variability was detected for grain yield per plant and its components among 324 segregants evaluated under augmented randomized block design II in normal field condition. The analysis of variance for grain yield and its attributing characters among blocks, treatments, entries, checks and checks vs entries revealed presence of significant variation in the segregants studied. However, with respect to checks, non-significant differences were recorded for only L/B ratio. The results indicated that among 324 rice genotypes including checks, only 9 rice genotypes expressed higher yield compared to seven checks varieties under normal field condition. The segregants S-51, S-122, S-135, S-195, S-199, S-210, S-219, S-222, S-251 were top ranking genotypes with respect to all checks.

Download Full-text

Selection of best lines and hybrids on the basis of genetic variability analysis in Maize (Zea mays L.)

International Journal of Agricultural Invention ◽

10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 45-49

Author(s):

Ankit Kumar ◽

Amit Tomar

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Variability Analysis ◽

Selection Of

The results revealed that parents namely, TSK-10, TSK-27, New Blue-II, Kurara and TSK-109 were found highly genetic diverse for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to 755 dry husk. The parents namely, TSK-109, Kurara, New Blue-II and TSK-10 were found highly genetic diverse for plant height (cm), cob height, number of cobs per plant and number of grains per cob. The parents namely, Kurara, TSK-109, TSK-10, New Blue-II and TSK-27 were found highly genetic diverse for shelling percentage, grain yield per plant, grain yield per cob and 100-grain weight.

Download Full-text

Multivariate analysis of quantitative traits can effectively classify rapeseed germplasm

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1402545j ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 545-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mirjana Jankulovska ◽

Sonja Ivanovska ◽

Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela ◽

Snjezana Bolaric ◽

Ljupcho Jankuloski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Principal Component ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Growth Duration ◽

Data Set ◽

Combined Application ◽

Selection Of

In this study, the use of different multivariate approaches to classify rapeseed genotypes based on quantitative traits has been presented. Tree regression analysis, PCA analysis and two-way cluster analysis were applied in order todescribe and understand the extent of genetic variability in spring rapeseed genotype by trait data. The traits which highly influenced seed and oil yield in rapeseed were successfully identified by the tree regression analysis. Principal predictor for both response variables was number of pods per plant (NP). NP and 1000 seed weight could help in the selection of high yielding genotypes. High values for both traits and oil content could lead to high oil yielding genotypes. These traits may serve as indirect selection criteria and can lead to improvement of seed and oil yield in rapeseed. Quantitative traits that explained most of the variability in the studied germplasm were classified using principal component analysis. In this data set, five PCs were identified, out of which the first three PCs explained 63% of the total variance. It helped in facilitating the choice of variables based on which the genotypes? clustering could be performed. The two-way cluster analysissimultaneously clustered genotypes and quantitative traits. The final number of clusters was determined using bootstrapping technique. This approach provided clear overview on the variability of the analyzed genotypes. The genotypes that have similar performance regarding the traits included in this study can be easily detected on the heatmap. Genotypes grouped in the clusters 1 and 8 had high values for seed and oil yield, and relatively short vegetative growth duration period and those in cluster 9, combined moderate to low values for vegetative growth duration and moderate to high seed and oil yield. These genotypes should be further exploited and implemented in the rapeseed breeding program. The combined application of these multivariate methods can assist in deciding how, and based on which traits to select the genotypes, especially in early generations, at the beginning of a breeding program.

Download Full-text

A hierarchical Bayesian framework for force field selection in molecular dynamics simulations

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2015.0032 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 374 (2060) ◽

pp. 20150032 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

S. Wu ◽

P. Angelikopoulos ◽

C. Papadimitriou ◽

R. Moser ◽

P. Koumoutsakos

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Force Field ◽

Computational Cost ◽

Md Simulations ◽

Bayesian Framework ◽

Underlying Structure ◽

Hierarchical Bayesian ◽

Wide Range ◽

Selection Of

We present a hierarchical Bayesian framework for the selection of force fields in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The framework associates the variability of the optimal parameters of the MD potentials under different environmental conditions with the corresponding variability in experimental data. The high computational cost associated with the hierarchical Bayesian framework is reduced by orders of magnitude through a parallelized Transitional Markov Chain Monte Carlo method combined with the Laplace Asymptotic Approximation. The suitability of the hierarchical approach is demonstrated by performing MD simulations with prescribed parameters to obtain data for transport coefficients under different conditions, which are then used to infer and evaluate the parameters of the MD model. We demonstrate the selection of MD models based on experimental data and verify that the hierarchical model can accurately quantify the uncertainty across experiments; improve the posterior probability density function estimation of the parameters, thus, improve predictions on future experiments; identify the most plausible force field to describe the underlying structure of a given dataset. The framework and associated software are applicable to a wide range of nanoscale simulations associated with experimental data with a hierarchical structure.

Download Full-text