Wheat breeding history reveals synergistic selection of pleiotropic genomic sites for plant architecture and grain yield

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aili Li ◽  
Chenyang Hao ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Shuaifeng Geng ◽  
Meiling Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding History ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Phenotypic correlations and path analysis for plant architecture traits and grain production in three generations of cowpea

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Leonardo Coelho Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Antônio Fernandes Santos ◽  
Laerte da Silva Diniz ◽  
Layana Alves do Nascimento ◽  
Edna Deodato Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Correlation And Path Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the phenotypic correlation and path analysis of traits related to plant architecture, earliness and grain yield in F2, BC1 and BC2 generations, from crosses between cowpea cultivars BRS Carijó and BR14 Mulato. Most phenotypic correlations of the examined traits were concordant in statistical significance, with approximate values among the examined generations. For the trait seed weight, significant and positive phenotypic correlations were observed in the three generations only for the trait number of secondary branches. The values of the direct effects were in agreement with the values of the phenotypic correlations, which indicate true association by the phenotypic correlation among the traits of grain yield examined. Path analysis indicated that the selection of productive plants will result in early plants and an increased number of secondary branches. In F2, plants with shorter length of the main branch and shorter length of secondary branches can be obtained. The causal model explained 15 to 30% of the total variation in grain weight in relation to the traits examined. The analyses indicated the possibility of selecting plants with a higher and early grain yield, shorter length of primary branches and lower number of nodes, which are important variables for mechanical or semi-mechanical harvesting.

scholarly journals Combination Capacity and Association Among Traits of Grain Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Alexsander Rigatti ◽  
Alan J. de Pelegrin ◽  
Carine Meier ◽  
Andrei Lunkes ◽  
Luís A. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Grain yield is a complex quantitative trait, because its expression is associated to the large number of genes with small effect. In addition, there is interaction among different yield components and environment effect, making difficult the direct selection of genotypes. The most viable alternative for wheat breeding programs, an autogamous plant, is use artificial crosses in order to obtain superior genotypes. Hybridization after use of successive self-fertilizations results in segregating populations, which reveal the genetic variability, especially when the parents are genetically different. Therefore, it is important to know genetic relationships between crosses, which will serve as reference for decision making in the choice of combinations. Therefore, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are used, which facilitate choice of the best parents to compose crossover block. In addition to these parameters, path analysis can be used to determine importance of primary and secondary traits and to guide indirect selection of promising genotypes by means of interest traits.

IMPROVEMENT OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT SELECTION METHODOLOGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
А. I. Grabovets ◽  
V. P. Kadushkina ◽  
S. А. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

With the growing aridity of the climate on the Don, it became necessary to improve the methodology for conducting the  breeding of spring durum wheat. The main method of obtaining the source material remains intraspecific step hybridization. Crossings were performed between genetically distant forms, differing in origin and required traits and properties. The use of chemical mutagenesis was a productive way to change the heredity of genotypes in terms of drought tolerance. When breeding for productivity, both in dry years of research and in favorable years, the most objective markers were identified — the size of the aerial mass, the mass of grain per plant, spike, and harvest index. The magnitude of the correlation coefficients between the yield per unit area and the elements of its structure is established. It was most closely associated with them in dry years, while in wet years it decreased. Power the correlation of the characteristics of the pair - the grain yield per square meter - the aboveground biomass averaged r = 0.73, and in dry years it was higher (0.91) than in favorable ones (0.61 - 0.70) , between the harvest and the harvest index - r = 0.81 (on average). In dry years, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.92. Research data confirms the greatest importance of the mass of grain from one ear and the plant in the formation of grain yield per unit area in both dry and wet years. In dry years, the correlation coefficient between yield and grain mass per plant was on average r = 0.80; in favorable years, r = 0.69. The relationship between yield and grain mass from the ear was greater — r = 0.84 and r = 0.82, respectively. Consequently, the breeding significance of the aboveground mass and the productivity of the ear, as a criterion for the selection of the crop, especially increases in the dry years. They were basic in the selection.

scholarly journals Supporting Physiological Trait for Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Drought-Stressed Popcorn

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst ◽  
Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Valter Jário de Lima ◽  
Kátia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
Selection Of

The identification of traits associated with drought tolerance in popcorn is a contribution to support selection of superior plants under soil water deficit. The objective of this study was to choose morphological traits and the leaf greenness index, measured on different dates, to estimate grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), evaluated in a set of 20 popcorn lines with different genealogies, estimated by multiple regression models. The variables were divided into three groups: morpho-agronomic traits—100-grain weight (GW), prolificacy (PR), tassel length (TL), number of tassel branches, anthesis-silking interval, leaf angle (FA) and leaf rolling (FB); variables related to the intensity of leaf greenness during the grain-filling period, at the leaf level, measured by a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and at the canopy level, calculated as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The inbred lines were cultivated under two water conditions: well-watered (WW), maintained at field capacity, and water stress (WS), for which irrigation was stopped before male flowering. The traits GY (55%) and PE (28%) were most affected by water restriction. Among the morpho-agronomic traits, GW and PR were markedly reduced (>10%). Under dry conditions, the FA in relation to the plant stalk tended to be wider, the FB curvature greater and leaf senescence accelerated (>15% at 22 days after male flowering). The use of multiple regression for the selection of predictive traits proved to be a useful tool for the identification of groups of adequate traits to efficiently predict the economically most important features of popcorn (GY and PE). The SPAD index measured 17 days after male flowering proved useful to select indirectly for GY, while, among the morphological traits, TL stood out for the same purpose. Of all traits, PR was most strongly related with PE under WS, indicating its use in breeding programs. The exploitation of these traits by indirect selection is expected to induce increments in GY and PE.

Differences in warming impacts on wheat productivity among varieties released in different eras in North China

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (8) ◽  
pp. 1353-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. ZHENG ◽  
J. CHEN ◽  
Z. W. SONG ◽  
A. X. DENG ◽  
L. N. JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
North China ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYTen leading varieties of winter wheat released during 1950–2009 in North China were tested in a free-air temperature increase (FATI) facility. The FATI facility mimicked the local air temperature pattern well, with an increase of 1·1 °C in the daily mean temperature. For all the tested varieties, warming caused a significant reduction in the total length of wheat growth period by 5 days and especially in the pre-anthesis period, where it was reduced by 9 days. However, warming increased wheat biomass production and grain yield by 8·4 and 11·4%, respectively, on an average of all the tested varieties. There was no significant difference in the warming-led reduction in the entire growth period among the tested varieties. Interestingly, the warming-led increments in biomass production and grain yield increased along with the variety release year. Significantly higher warming-led increases in post-anthesis biomass production and 1000-grain weight were found in the new varieties compared to the old ones. Meanwhile, a significant improvement in plant productivity was noted due to wheat breeding during the past six decades, while no significant difference in the length of entire growth period was found among the varieties released in different eras. The results demonstrate that historical wheat breeding might have enhanced winter wheat productivity and adaptability through exploiting the positive effects rather than mitigating the negative impacts of warming on wheat growth in North China.

scholarly journals GWAS revealed effect of genotype × environment interactions for grain yield of Nebraska winter wheat

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamseldeen Eltaher ◽  
P. Stephen Baenziger ◽  
Vikas Belamkar ◽  
Hamdy A. Emara ◽  
Ahmed A. Nower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Significant Linkage

Abstract Background Improving grain yield in cereals especially in wheat is a main objective for plant breeders. One of the main constrains for improving this trait is the G × E interaction (GEI) which affects the performance of wheat genotypes in different environments. Selecting high yielding genotypes that can be used for a target set of environments is needed. Phenotypic selection can be misleading due to the environmental conditions. Incorporating information from phenotypic and genomic analyses can be useful in selecting the higher yielding genotypes for a group of environments. Results A set of 270 F3:6 wheat genotypes in the Nebraska winter wheat breeding program was tested for grain yield in nine environments. High genetic variation for grain yield was found among the genotypes. G × E interaction was also highly significant. The highest yielding genotype differed in each environment. The correlation for grain yield among the nine environments was low (0 to 0.43). Genome-wide association study revealed 70 marker traits association (MTAs) associated with increased grain yield. The analysis of linkage disequilibrium revealed 16 genomic regions with a highly significant linkage disequilibrium (LD). The candidate parents’ genotypes for improving grain yield in a group of environments were selected based on three criteria; number of alleles associated with increased grain yield in each selected genotype, genetic distance among the selected genotypes, and number of different alleles between each two selected parents. Conclusion Although G × E interaction was present, the advances in DNA technology provided very useful tools and analyzes. Such features helped to genetically select the highest yielding genotypes that can be used to cross grain production in a group of environments.

scholarly journals Diallelic analysis for lysine and oil contents in maize grains

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Oliveira Medici ◽  
Salete Aparecida Gaziola ◽  
Vanderlei Aparecido Varisi ◽  
José Antonio Carmezini de Paula ◽  
Renato Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Six S5 lines of maize, with differences for lysine and oil contents in grains, were used to carry out a complete series of diallelic crosses. The resulting 15 hybrids were grown in a field at two nitrogen levels (10 and 130 kg N ha-1). The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were obtained by using the method 4, model I of Griffing for grain yield, and grain lysine and oil contents. Significant (p < 0.001) interaction was observed between GCA and N levels for grain yield, indicating the selection of different lines for each N level. This interaction was not significant for lysine content, but there were significant effects of GCA for this trait at both N levels (p < 0.1). Significant effects were not observed for GCA or SCA for oil content, however a positive correlation was observed between lysine and oil contents in the hybrids, in the lines and even in the control cultivars. The results indicate the effectiveness of selection for lysine content, irrespective of N level, in the studied non-opaque maize lines, and the possibility of achieving both high lysine and oil content in grains.

scholarly journals Performance of F2 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Segregants Derived from a Cross the BPT-5204 / IR-64Drt1

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
D. N. Singh ◽  
Krishna Prasad ◽  
Avinash Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Normal Field ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

The present investigation was carried out with F2 plants from a cross between two parents i.e., BPT-5204 and IR-64Drt1. The selection of parents for crosses was made based on genotypes that were tolerant and susceptible to drought condition. BPT-5204 was drought susceptible and IR-64Drt1 was also tolerant to drought. In this experiment adequate amount of variability was detected for grain yield per plant and its components among 324 segregants evaluated under augmented randomized block design II in normal field condition. The analysis of variance for grain yield and its attributing characters among blocks, treatments, entries, checks and checks vs entries revealed presence of significant variation in the segregants studied. However, with respect to checks, non-significant differences were recorded for only L/B ratio. The results indicated that among 324 rice genotypes including checks, only 9 rice genotypes expressed higher yield compared to seven checks varieties under normal field condition. The segregants S-51, S-122, S-135, S-195, S-199, S-210, S-219, S-222, S-251 were top ranking genotypes with respect to all checks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sunflower cultivars for central Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willyam Stern Porto ◽  
Claudio Guilherme Portela de Carvalho ◽  
Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽  
Marcelo Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Cláudia Barneche de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Selection Of

Despite a large availability of areas suitable for sunflower cropping in Central Brazil, few adapted cultivars are available in the market. The objective of this work was to select sunflower cultivars adapted to this important production region. Experimental data from 2000 to 2004 were obtained by the National Sunflower Trials, coordinated by Embrapa Soja. The evaluated traits were grain and oil yields. Two criteria were used for selection of cultivars: i) the general mean obtained from different environments; ii) partitioning of general mean in favorable and unfavorable environments. Partitioning of the general mean allowed to detect the specific environment indicated for each cultivar. For grain yield, the cultivar Helio 251 presented general indication, Milênio and CF 17 could be indicated for favorable environments and ACA 884, ACA 885 and ACA 872 for the unfavorable ones. For oil yield, CF 13, Milênio, DK 4030, Helio 250 and ACA 872 had general indication; AG 966, GH 12, GV 26043, CF 17 and VDH 93 could be indicated for favorable environments, while VDH 488, Helio 251, ACA 884 and ACA 885 for the unfavorable conditions. In 2002, the partition of the general mean was not carried out. In this year, general mean of cultivars Exp 37, AG 962, GV 26048 and AG 967 were overweight the controls for grain yield and the cultivars AG 962, AG 967, GV 26048, AG 972, BRS 191, Guarani were overweight the controls for oil yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document