scholarly journals Yield performance and leaf nutrient levels of coffee cultivars under different plant densities

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edison Martins Paulo ◽  
Enes Furlani Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dwarf Cultivar ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Leaf N

Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) plantations using adapted cultivars to regional environmental conditions with optimal plant population density and adequate nutrition are expected to show high yield responses. The triennial production and leaf macronutrient concentrations of four coffee cultivars were studied under different plant population densities. Catuaí Amarelo (IAC 47), Obatã (IAC 1669-20), Acaiá (IAC 474-19) and Icatu Amarelo (IAC 2944) were planted in densities of 2,500; 5,000; 7,519; and 10,000 plants ha-1 with one plant per hole and two plants per hole in the 2,500 plant ha-1. Plants were homogeneously fertilized without liming. As the population density increased the triennial coffee productivity increased, the yield per plant decreased, and leaf concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) increased. Coffee plants under dense systems presented equal or higher leaf macronutrient concentrations compared to the plants under conventional population. Taller cultivars presented the highest nutrient concentration values, and Obatã, a dwarf cultivar, the lowest values. Higher coffee yields and lower leaf P, Ca and S concentrations were observed in plots with one plant compared to the plots with two plants. In general, the coffee cultivars had leaf N and S concentrations above the reference limits reported in the literature, but leaf concentrations of other macronutrients were within adequate ranges.

Effects of plant population density on spring-sown field beans (Vicia faba) with different growth habits

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Pilbeam ◽  
G. Duc ◽  
P. D. Hebblethwaite
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The University ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Field Beans

SUMMARYDeterminate varieties of Vicia faba are smaller and may require higher plant population densities than their conventional indeterminate counterparts to attain high yields. This hypothesis was examined at the University of Nottingham farm at Sutton Bonington, UK, and at INRA, Dijon, France in 1986 and 1987. The determinate varieties Ticol and TP667 and indeterminate M5.1 and Maris Bead were sown in the spring to give a range of densities of 10–100 plants/m2.Yields generally increased as population density increased. The optimum density for determinate varieties was higher than for indeterminate varieties. Indeterminate varieties yielded more than determinate varieties at all plant densities, perhaps because of their larger canopy. Seed yields were affected by year and location. Greater yields were associated with heavier seeds and more seeds per pod.Although several yield components, when expressed per unit area, were significantly correlated with seed yield, their coefficients of determination were never very large. This confirmed the plasticity of yield in field beans.

Effect of plant population density on dry matter partitioning and yield in a short-duration cultivar of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown in the tropics

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Q. Craufurd
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Plant Population Density

SUMMARYAn erect, 60-day cultivar of cowpea, IT84S–2246, was grown with adequate soil moisture at two locations in Nigeria in 1990/91, Ibadan (7° N) and Kano (12° N), contrasting in total incident radiation (Q) and at plant population densities of 1·9–7·7 and 5·4–16·3 plants/m2, respectively. Leaf area, radiation interception and dry matter (DM) accumulation and partitioning were measured. Total shoot and seed dry weights were greater at Kano (mean 4·10 and 1·61 t/ha, respectively) than at Ibadan (mean 1·89 and 0·68 t/ha, respectively), and greater athigher plant densities. Relationships between the reciprocal of total shoot (Wt) and seed dry weight (Ws) per plant and plant population density (Np) determined at Kano and Ibadan were linear and parallel; intercepts, however, were significantly different (P < 0·005). The theoretical maximum potential Wt and Ws per unit area (i.e. 1/b) was therefore the same at Kano and at Ibadan, 448 and 170 g/m2, respectively. However, the optimum Np at Kano and Ibadan was markedly different, c. 10 and 40 plants/m2, respectively. These differences in the relations between DM yields and Np at Kano and Ibadan are examined in terms of leaf area, radiation interception and the partitioning coefficient, and the implications for the design of other agronomic investigations in cowpea are discussed.

Comparative Response of Conventional and Quality Protein Maize Hybrids to High Population Densities in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O B Bello
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimum plant population is very important in enhancing high and stable grain yield especially in quality protein maize (QPM) production. A field trial was therefore conducted to compare the performance of six hybrids (three each of QPM and normal endosperm) at three population densities using a split-plot design at the sub-station of the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Oke-Oyi, in the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria during the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. Plant population -1 densities (53,333, 66,666, and 88,888 plants ha ) constituted the main plots and the six hybrids were assigned to the subplots, replicated three times. Our results showed a differential response of maize -1 hybrids to high densities, with plant populations above 53,333 plants ha reduced grain yield, and this is more pronounced in QPM than normal endosperm hybrids. This is contrary to the results observed in many other countries. This might be that the hybrids were selected in low yield potential area at low plant densities, and hence not tolerant to plant density stress. It may also be due to low yield potential of the experimental site, which does not allow yield increases at high plant densities. Though normal endosperm hybrids 0103-11 and 0103-15 as well as QPM Dada-ba were superior for grain yield among -1 the hybrids at 53,333 plants ha , hybrid 0103-11 was most outstanding. Therefore, genetic improvement of QPM and normal endosperm hybrids for superior stress tolerance and high yield could be enhanced by selection at higher plant population densities.

Defoliation studies in hybrid maize: I. Grain yield, quality and leaf chemical composition

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Singh ◽  
K. P. P. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Plant Densities

SUMMARYIn order to examine whether high yield of maize could still be maintained at high plant densities by creating an ‘erectophile canopy’ through artificial defoliation of laminae, an experiment at Pantnagar, India, was made on the effect of density, stage and degree of defoliation in two divergent seasons, Kharif (rainy) and spring, of the year 1972. The defoliation treatments were either partial (clipping off the apical half of individual leaves) or complete (full leaf removal) and were imposed at three stages of plant growth, namely when 10 or 16 leaves were fully open or 12 days after silking. These treatments were applied at two plant densities, 60000 and 90000 plants/ha.Grain yield of maize increased significantly with the increase in population density in the spring season. The trend was diametrically opposite in the Kharif season. Defoliation at the 10th fully open leaf stage produced more grains than defoliating 12 days after silking, which in turn produced more than defoliating at the 16th fully open leaf stage, when plants were in full bloom. Increase in the degree of defoliation at the latter two stages of plant growth reduced grain yield, the effect being more at the 16th leaf stage. However, 50% defoliation at the 10th leaf stage increased grain yield in the Kharif season.The percentage protein content of grain declined with the increase in population density whereas increase in degree of defoliation increased the grain protein content. Higher protein content of grain was recorded in the spring than in the Kharif season. The leaf protein decreased as the plants neared maturity, especially at the higher degree of defoliation treatments.Sucrose and reducing sugars declined significantly with the increase in degree of defoliation. The reduction in sucrose was large enough to account for the reduction in total sugar percentage. Similar trends were observed in the sugar-to-protein ratio.

scholarly journals Combining ability of S3 maize inbred lines and related contributing traits for high yield under high population density

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Roy Efendi ◽  
P. Slamet Bambang ◽  
M Arif Subechan ◽  
M. Aqil ◽  
M. Azrai
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Small Leaf ◽  
Plant Population Density

Abstract The productivity of maize may be increased by using maize hybrid ideotype (erect leaves and small leaf angles) which is adaptive under high plant population density. The hybrids maize was desirable in increasing the plant density due to better light interception and space so that it can increase the yield per unit area. The aim of the research was to assess S3 lines that had good combining ability and to determine the traits associated with high yields under high plant population density (83.333 plants/ha). A total of 242 hybrids (F1) were examined from a crossed combination of 121 lines x 2 tester were evaluated with three commercial hybrid varieties such as Bisi 18, P 27, and P 36. The evaluation was carried under high plant population density (83,333 plants/ha) in the rainy season (November 2020 – February 2021). The research used an alpha lattice design with three replications. The results showed that the inbred lines had a greater effect on the yield character and yield components, while the leaf angle and leaf orientation effected by the tester. The lines that had good general combining ability for high yielding were M3B11P27T3-11-3-1, P27M3B11T3-1-4-2, P27M3B11T3-1-2-1, M3B11P27T3-8-4-1, P27M3B11T1-7-1-1, M3B11P27T1-1-1-3. The yield range of the hybrids were 8.43-9.90 t/ha, significantly higher than Bisi 18, P 27, P 36 varieties were 7.13 t/ha. Traits such as small leaf angle, erect leaf, root and stem lodging resistance, stem diameter, leaf length, ear diameter, and kernel row number were significantly correlated with high yield under high plant population density.

scholarly journals Yield Responses and Nutrient Uptake of Broccoli as Affected by Lime Type and Fertilizer

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Demchak ◽  
C.B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Dolomitic Lime ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

In a 3-year study with broccoli [Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (L.) Mill. cv. Green Comet], NP or NPK fertilizer at rates of 56N-56P-0K, 56N-56P-56K, and 56N-112P-56K (kg·ha-1) were banded in plots to which three types of lime had been applied—calcitic, calcitic with 3% Mg, or dolomitic. Fertilizer and lime controls were included. Previous liming had raised the soil pH from 5.3 to 7.2-7.4. Effects of lime on yields were greatest when no fertilizer was applied. Dolomitic lime was the most effective, increasing total yield by 49%, terminal weight by 54%, and hastening maturity. Fertilizer effects were most evident when no lime had been applied, with all fertilizer treatments increasing total yield, terminal and plant weight, and hastening maturity. Most changes occurred in the 56N-56P-OK treatment. Effects of lime when fertilizer was applied and effects of fertilizer when lime had been applied were less consistent. Lime alone, especially types containing Mg, increased leaf P, which generally followed the-same trend as total yield. Calcitic lime increased leaf Ca and dolomitic lime increased leaf Mg over other lime treatments. Calcitic lime with 3% Mg increased leaf Ca, but not leaf Mg, compared to the check. All lime treatments decreased leaf Mu, B, and Zn. Fertilizer treatments usually increased leaf N and Mn. Phosphorus uptake was increased by either lime or fertilizer application. Regression analysis strongly suggested that P was the element most responsible for yield increases.

Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Yantai ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
H. Randy Kutcher ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Byron Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimal plant density is required to improve plant phenological traits and maximize seed yield in field crops. In this study, we determined the effect of plant density on duration of flowering, post-flowering phase, and seed yield of canola in diverse environments. The field study was conducted at 16 site-years across the major canola growing area of western Canada from 2010 to 2012. The cultivar InVigor® 5440, a glufosinate-resistant hybrid, was grown at five plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m−2) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Canola seed yield had a linear relationship with plant density at 8 of the 16 site-years, a quadratic relationship at 4 site-years, and there was no correlation between the two variables in the remaining 4 site-years. At site-years with low to medium productivity, canola seed yield increased by 10.2 to 14.7 kg ha−1 for every additional plant per square metre. Averaged across the 16 diverse environments, canola plants spent an average of 22% of their life cycle flowering and another 27% of the time filling seed post-flowering. Canola seed yield had a negative association with duration of flowering and a positive association with the days post-flowering but was not associated with number of days to maturity. The post-flowering period was 12.7, 14.7, and 12.6 d (or 55, 68, and 58%) longer in high-yield experiments than in low-yield experiments in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. We conclude that optimization of plant density for canola seed yield varies with environment and that a longer post-flowering period is critical for increasing canola yield in western Canada.

scholarly journals Transformation of coffee (Coffea Arabica L. cv. Catimor) with the cry1ac gene by biolistic, without the use of markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z De Guglielmo-Cróquer ◽  
I. Altosaar ◽  
M. Zaidi ◽  
A. Menéndez-Yuffá
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Genes ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Selection Marker ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Cry1ac Gene ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Gus Reporter ◽  
Leucoptera Coffeella ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

The transformation of coffee plantlets with the cry1ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis was achieved by biolistic using either the whole pUBC plasmid or only the ubi-cry1ac-nos genetic cassette. The cry1ac gene was inserted into coffee plants in order to confer resistance to the leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella, an insect responsible for considerable losses in coffee crops. Bearing in mind that the genetic cassettes used for this study lack reporter genes and/or selection marker genes, the parameters for the transformation procedure by biolistic were previously standardised with a plasmid carrying the gus reporter gene. The presence of the cry1ac gene in young plantlet tissues was determined by PCR, Southern blot and reverse transcription-PCR. Our results show that the obtainment of viable coffee plantlets, transformed by bombardment with the cry1ac gene and without selection markers nor reporter genes, is feasible.

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