scholarly journals Leaf development of cultivated rice and weedy red rice under elevated temperature scenarios

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nereu A. Streck ◽  
Lilian O. Uhlmann ◽  
Luana F. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Weedy Red Rice

The objective of this study was to simulate leaf development of cultivated rice genotypes and weedy red rice biotypes in climate change scenarios at Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. A leaf appearance (LAR) model adapted for rice was used to simulate the accumulated leaf number, represented by the Haun Stage, from crop emergence to flag leaf appearance (EM-FL). Three cultivated rice genotypes and two weedy red rice biotypes in six emergence dates were used. The LAR model was run for each emergence date using 100 years of synthetic daily weather data and six climate scenarios, including current, +1, +2, +3, +4 and +5 ºC increase in mean air temperature, with symmetric and asymmetric increase in daily minimum and maximum temperature. The increase in air temperature scenarios decreased the duration of the EM-FL phase in the earlier emergence dates (08/20, 09/20, 10/20) whereas in mid (11/20) and late emergence dates (12/20 and 01/20) the longest EM-FL phase was in the symmetric +5 ºC scenario and the shortest duration was in the asymmetric +3 and +4 ºC scenarios. The timing of the onset of flooding irrigation and nitrogen dressing may be altered if global warming takes place and weedy red rice has a potential to enhance its competitiveness with cultivated rice in future climates.

scholarly journals Impact of increasing mean air temperature on the development of rice and red rice

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1441-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Lago ◽  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Cleber Maus Alberto ◽  
Felipe Brendler Oliveira ◽  
Gizelli Moiano de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Nonlinear Simulation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Santa Maria

The objective of this study was to assess the development response of cultivated rice and red rice to different increases in minimum and maximum daily air temperatures, in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. One hundred years climate scenarios of temperatures 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, and +5ºC, with symmetric and asymmetric increases in minimum and maximum daily air temperatures were created, using the LARS-WG Weather Generator, and a 1969-2003 database. Nine cultivated rice genotypes (IRGA 421, IRGA 416, IRGA 417, IRGA 420, BRS 7 TAIM, BR-IRGA 409, EPAGRI 109, EEA 406 and a hybrid), and two red rice biotypes (awned black hull-ABHRR, and awned yellow hull-AYHRR) were used. The dates of panicle differentiation (R1), anthesis (R4), and all grains with brown hulls (R9) were estimated with a nonlinear simulation model. Overall, the duration of the emergence-R1 phase decreased, whereas the duration of the R1-R4 and R4-R9 phases most often increased, as temperature increased in the climate change scenarios. The simulated rice development response to elevated temperature was not the same, when the increase in minimum and maximum temperature was symmetric or asymmetric.

scholarly journals Maize leaf development under climate change scenarios

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1227-1236
Author(s):  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Josana Andréia Langner ◽  
Isabel Lago
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Late Emergence ◽  
Leaf Appearance

The objective of this work was to simulate maize leaf development in climate change scenarios at Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, considering symmetric and asymmetric increases in air temperature. The model of Wang & Engel for leaf appearance rate (LAR), with genotype-specific coefficients for the maize variety BRS Missões, was used to simulate tip and expanded leaf accumulated number from emergence to flag leaf appearance and expansion, for nine emergence dates from August 15 to April 15. LAR model was run for each emergence date in 100-year climate scenarios: current climate, and +1, +2, +3, +4 and +5°C increase in mean air temperature, with symmetric and asymmetric increase in daily minimum and maximum air temperature. Maize crop failure due to frost decreased in elevated temperature scenarios, in the very early and very late emergence dates, indicating a lengthening in the maize growing season in warmer climates. The leaf development period in maize was shorter in elevated temperature scenarios, with greater shortening in asymmetric temperature increases, indicating that warmer nights accelerate vegetative development in maize.

Gene flow from weedy red rice (Oryza sativa L.) to cultivated rice and fitness of hybrids

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1124-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod K Shivrain ◽  
Nilda R Burgos ◽  
David R Gealy ◽  
Marites A Sales ◽  
Kenneth L Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Weedy Red Rice

scholarly journals Relationship between panicle differentiation and main stem leaf number in rice genotypes and red rice biotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Isabel Lago ◽  
Leosane Cristina Bosco ◽  
Gizelli Moiano de Paula ◽  
Felipe Brendler Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Panicle differentiation (DP) is a key developmental stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) because at this stage plant switches from vegetative to reproductive development and source-sink relation changes to allocate part of the photoassimilates for growing spikelets and kernels. The objective of this study was to determine the main stem Haun Stage (HS) and the number of leaves that still have to emerge until flag leaf at PD in several cultivated rice genotypes and red rice biotypes in different sowing dates. A two-year field experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 growing seasons, and three sowing dates each year. Nine cultivated rice genotypes and two red rice biotypes were used. PD was identified as the R1 stage of the COUNCE scale, by sampling four plants from each genotype on a daily basis. When 50% of the sampled plants were at R1, the main stem HS was measured in 20 plants per genotype. The main stem final leaf number (FLN) was measured in these 20 plants when the collar of the flag leaf was visible. HS at PD is related to FLN in many cultivated rice genotypes and red rice biotypes, and that at PD, the number of leaves still to emerge until flag leaf is not constant for all the rice genotypes. These findings are not in agreement with reports in the literature.

Outcrossing Potential between U.S. Blackhull Red Rice and Indica Rice Cultivars

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Nilda R. Burgos ◽  
Kathleen M. Yeater ◽  
Aaron K. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Tropical Japonica ◽  
Outcrossing Rates ◽  
Weedy Red Rice

Weedy red rice is a major weed pest of rice in the southern United States. Outcrossing between red rice and commercial tropical japonica rice cultivars has resulted in new weed biotypes that further hinder the effectiveness of weed management. In recent years, indica rice has been used increasingly as a germplasm source for breeding and for reduced-input systems in the United States, but little is known about its outcrossing potential with U.S. weedy red rice biotypes. In a 2-yr study, simple sequence repeat marker analysis was used to show that blackhull (BH) red rice (PI 653424) outcrossing to four, late-maturing indica cultivars averaged 0.0086% and ranged from 0.002% for ‘TeQing’ to 0.0173% for ‘4484’ (PI 615022). Rates of outcrossing to a tropical japonica cultivar standard, ‘Kaybonnet’ (0.032%), were substantially greater than for the indica cultivars. These differences in outcrossing were due largely to synchronization of flowering times between rice and red rice, with Kaybonnet and TeQing exhibiting the greatest and least synchronization, respectively. Outcrossing rates also may have been affected by rice–red rice flower density differences within the rice plots. Outcrossing from cultivated rice to the red rice (as pollen recipient), which was taller than all rice cultivars, was undetectable in these studies, and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and rainfall) were not strongly correlated with the outcrossing rates observed. Grain yields of the original BH red rice line were greatest in the Kaybonnet plots, demonstrating that the indica cultivars were superior competitors against this weed. Collectively, these results suggest that red rice biotypes that flower synchronously with rice cultivars are a potential source of pollen for outcrossing and gene flow in rice fields in the southern United States.

Modeling the Development of Cultivated Rice and Weedy Red Rice

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Streck ◽  
I. Lago ◽  
F. B. Oliveira ◽  
A. B. Heldwein ◽  
L. A. de Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Weedy Red Rice

scholarly journals Initial development of red and cultivated rice in response to light and air temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Venske ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Schaedler ◽  
Mariana Peil da Rosa ◽  
Carolina Terra Borges ◽  
Luis Antonio de Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Light is an important factor in the cold protection process in plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between temperatures and levels of quantity and quality of light on the initial development of rice cultivars and red rice biotypes. Two experiments were conducted, in the laboratory and in the greenhouse, from July to November 2012. The factors studied in experiment I were: temperatures (25 ºC and 18/13 ºC); cultivars/biotypes (IRGA 424 and PUITÁ INTA-CL/AV 6716 and AV 6722) and light (white, blue, green, yellow and red, 86% and 93% shading and dark). In the second experiment, the factors were seasons (August and November); cultivars/biotypes (IRGA 424 and PUITÁ INTA-CL/AV 6716 and AV 6722) and light (white with cover, white, blue, green, yellow and red, 86% and 93% shading). Were evaluated normal seedlings, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight and leaf area. The cultivars and biotypes studied have a similar behavior in response to temperature and light during early development. Light, especially the red wavelength, has increased cold tolerance in rice.

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Responses of Weedy Red Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) and Cultivated Rice (<i>O. sativa</i>) to N Supply

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marites A. Sales ◽  
Nilda R. Burgos ◽  
Vinod K. Shivrain ◽  
Brad Murphy ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Weedy Red Rice

scholarly journals Adapting wheat sowing dates to projected climate change in the Australian subtropics: analysis of crop water use and yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Cammarano ◽  
Bruno Basso ◽  
Lydia Stefanova ◽  
Peter Grace
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
The Impact

Projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and air temperature associated with future climate change are expected to affect crop development, crop yield, and, consequently, global food supplies. They are also likely to change agricultural production practices, especially those related to agricultural water management and sowing date. The magnitude of these changes and their implications to local production systems are mostly unknown. The objectives of this study were to: (i) simulate the effect of projected climate change on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lang) yield and water use for the subtropical environment of the Darling Downs, Queensland, Australia; and (ii) investigate the impact of changing sowing date, as an adaptation strategy to future climate change scenarios, on wheat yield and water use. The multi-model climate projections from the IPCC Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) for the period 2030–2070 were used in this study. Climate scenarios included combinations of four changes in air temperature (0°C, 1°C, 2°C, and 3°C), three [CO2] levels (380 ppm, 500 ppm, and 600 ppm), and three changes in rainfall (–30%, 0%, and +20%), which were superimposed on observed station data. Crop management scenarios included a combination of six sowing dates (1 May, 10 May, 20 May, 1 June, 10 June, and 20 June) and three irrigation regimes (no irrigation (NI), deficit irrigation (DI), and full irrigation (FI)). Simulations were performed with the model DSSAT 4.5, using 50 years of daily weather data. We found that: (1) grain yield and water-use efficiency (yield/evapotranspiration) increased linearly with [CO2]; (2) increases in [CO2] had minimal impact on evapotranspiration; (3) yield increased with increasing temperature for the irrigated scenarios (DI and FI), but decreased for the NI scenario; (4) yield increased with earlier sowing dates; and (5) changes in rainfall had a small impact on yield for DI and FI, but a high impact for the NI scenario.

scholarly journals Thermal Injuries Caused by Water from Loose Garden Hoses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110312
Author(s):  
Karolína Uhrová ◽  
Pavel Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Thermal Injuries

This is a monitoring research, the purpose of which is to point out the danger of scalding with water from loose garden hoses. All the stated data are the result of this research, which occurred during the month of August. To adequately compare the maximum temperature that the water reaches in garden hoses exposed to sunlight, 2 different surfaces were chosen, namely grass and concrete. It has been found that water in garden hoses, which lie in a place exposed to sunlight, is able to reach temperatures at which, in case of contact with human skin, there is a risk of scalding. The results confirmed the assumption that the temperature in the grass will be lower in the hoses than in the concrete surface. At an air temperature of 35°C, the water in the hoses on the grass reached a temperature of up to 47.3°C. On a concrete surface at an air temperature of 28.5°C, the water in the hoses reached 49.8°C. There is a risk of scalding from such hot water contact with the skin, and especially with sensitive baby skin. The aim of this research is to provide valid data on the risk of spilling hyperthermic water in free-lying garden hoses exposed to sunlight. The threat of scalding can occur unknowingly or through negligence, the risk of scalding with such water increases during tropical days significantly.

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