Assessment of two medicinal plants, Psidium guajava L. and Achillea millefolium L., in in vitro and in vivo assays

Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhance the survival rate of cancerous patients but they have several acute toxic effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for new anticancer agents having better efficacy and lesser side effects. In this regard, herbal treatment is found to be a safe method for treating and preventing cancer. Here, an attempt has been made to screen some less explored medicinal plants like Ammania baccifera, Asclepias curassavica, Azadarichta indica, Butea monosperma, Croton tiglium, Hedera nepalensis, Jatropha curcas, Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Psidium guajava, etc. having potent anticancer activity with minimum cytotoxic value (IC50 >3μM) and lesser or negligible toxicity. They are rich in active phytochemicals with a wide range of drug targets. In this study, these medicinal plants were evaluated for dose-dependent cytotoxicological studies via in vitro MTT assay and in vivo tumor models along with some more plants which are reported to have IC50 value in the range of 0.019-0.528 mg/ml. The findings indicate that these plants inhibit tumor growth by their antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic molecular targets. They are widely used because of their easy availability, affordable price and having no or sometimes minimal side effects. This review provides a baseline for the discovery of anticancer drugs from medicinal plants having minimum cytotoxic value with minimal side effects and establishment of their analogues for the welfare of mankind.

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Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances for Drug Discovery

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200928160357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam ◽

Bhasha Shanmugam ◽

Gangigunta Venkatasubbaiah ◽

Sahukari Ravi ◽

Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Major Public Health Problem

Background : Diabetes is a major public health problem in the world. It affects each and every part of the human body and also leads to organ failure. Hence, great progress made in the field of herbal medicine and diabetic research. Objectives: Our review will focus on the effect of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants which are used to treat diabetes in India and other countries. Methods: Information regarding diabetes, oxidative stress, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds were collected from different search engines like Science direct, Springer, Wiley online library, Taylor and francis, Bentham Science, Pubmed and Google scholar. Data was analyzed and summarized in the review. Results and Conclusion: Anti-diabetic drugs that are in use have many side effects on vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and brain. There is an urgent need for alternative medicine to treat diabetes and their disorders. In India and other countries herbal medicine was used to treat diabetes. Many herbal plants have antidiabetic effects. The plants like ginger, phyllanthus, curcumin, aswagandha, aloe, hibiscus and curcuma showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activities in experimental models and humans. The bioactive compounds like Allicin, azadirachtin, cajanin, curcumin, querceitin, gingerol possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant and other pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in prevention and management of diabetes. Conclusion: Moreover, our review suggests that bioactive compounds have the potential therapeutic potential against diabetes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.

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Cytotoxic and Chemopreventive Effects of Gemin D Against Different Mutagens Using In Vitro and In Vivo Assays

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520616666160906092502 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 712-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cristiene Costa Carneiro ◽

Aroldo Vieira de Moraes-Filho ◽

Amanda Silva Fernandes ◽

Suzana da Costa Santos ◽

Daniela de Melo e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vivo Assays

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Potential Antiulcer Agents From Plants: A Comprehensive Review

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083805666190619164151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 170-231

Author(s):

Minky Mukhija ◽

Bhuwan Chandra Joshi

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Antiulcer Activity ◽

Peptic Ulcers ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Mucosal Thickness

Background: Peptic ulcer is a deep gastrointestinal erosion disorder that involves the entire mucosal thickness and can even penetrate the muscular mucosa. Nowadays, several plants and compounds derived from it have been screened for their antiulcer activity. In the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. This field has gained popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of currently available knowledge of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents reported for their anti-ulcer properties. Methods: The worldwide accepted database like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, NISCAIR, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar were used to retrieve available published literature. Results: A comprehensive review of the present paper is an attempt to list the plants with antiulcer activity. The review narrates the dire need to explore potential chemical moieties that exert an antiulcer effect, from unexploited traditional plants. Furthermore, the present study reveals the intense requirement to exploit the exact mechanism through which either the plant extracts or their active constituents exhibit their antiulcer properties. Conclusion: This article is the compilation of the plants and its constituents reported for the treatment of peptic ulcers. The Comprehensive data will surely attract the number of investigators to initiate further research that might lead to the drugs for the treatment of ulcers. As sufficient scientific data is not available on plants, most of the herbals cannot be recommended for the treatment of diseases. This can be achieved by research on pure chemical structures derived from plants or to prepare new lead compounds with proven beneficial preclinical in vitro and in vivo effects. However, a lot remains to be done in further investigations for the better status of medicinal plants.

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Cork Oak Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Diplodia corticola

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof6040287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Daniela Costa ◽

Rui M. Tavares ◽

Paula Baptista ◽

Teresa Lino-Neto

Keyword(s):

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Cork Oak ◽

In Vivo Assays ◽

Oak Trees ◽

Treatment Measures ◽

Dual Plate ◽

Antagonistic Potential ◽

Selection Of

An increase in cork oak diseases caused by Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Diplodia corticola has been reported in the last decade. Due to the high socio-economic and ecologic importance of this plant species in the Mediterranean Basin, the search for preventive or treatment measures to control these diseases is an urgent need. Fungal endophytes were recovered from cork oak trees with different disease severity levels, using culture-dependent methods. The results showed a higher number of potential pathogens than beneficial fungi such as cork oak endophytes, even in healthy plants. The antagonist potential of a selection of eight cork oak fungal endophytes was tested against B. mediterranea and D. corticola by dual-plate assays. The tested endophytes were more efficient in inhibiting D. corticola than B. mediterranea growth, but Simplicillium aogashimaense, Fimetariella rabenhorstii, Chaetomium sp. and Alternaria alternata revealed a high potential to inhibit the growth of both. Simplicillium aogashimaense caused macroscopic and microscopic mycelial/hyphal deformations and presented promising results in controlling both phytopathogens’ growth in vitro. The evaluation of the antagonistic potential of non-volatile and volatile compounds also revealed that A. alternata compounds could be further explored for inhibiting both pathogens. These findings provide valuable knowledge that can be further explored in in vivo assays to find a suitable biocontrol agent for these cork oak diseases.

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Let-7a regulates EV secretion and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by targeting SNAP23 in colorectal cancer

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research ◽

10.1186/s13046-020-01813-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

You Dong Liu ◽

Xiao Peng Zhuang ◽

Dong Lan Cai ◽

Can Cao ◽

Qi Sheng Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽

Metabolic Reprogramming ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽

In Vivo Assays ◽

Reporter Assays ◽

Extracellular Mirna

Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the functions of extracellular miRNA to recipient cells have been extensively studied with tumorigenesis. However, the role of miRNA in EV secretion from cancer cells remains unknown. Methods qPCR and bioinformatics analysis were applied for determining extracellular let-7a expression from CRC patient serum and cells. Nanosight particle tracking analysis was performed for investigating the effect of let-7a on EV secretion. Luciferase reporter assays was used for identifying targeted genes synaptosome-associated protein 23 (SNAP23). In vitro and in vivo assays were used for exploring the function of let-7a/SNAP23 axis in CRC progression. Bioenergetic assays were performed for investigating the role of let-7a/SNAP23 in cellular metabolic reprogramming. Results let-7a miRNA was elevated in serum EVs from CRC patients and was enriched in CRC cell-derived EVs. We determined that let-7a could suppress EV secretion directly targeting SNAP23. In turn, SNAP23 promotes EV secretion of let-7a to downregulate the intracellular let-7a expression. In addition, we found a novel mechanism of let-7a/SNAP23 axis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through Lin28a/SDHA signaling pathway. Conclusions Let-7a plays an essential role in not only inhibiting EV secretion, but also suppressing OXPHOS through SNAP23, resulting in the suppression of CRC progression, suggesting that let-7a/SNAP23 axis could provide not only effective tumor biomarkers but also novel targets for tumor therapeutic strategies.

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Bioatividade de indutores de resistência no manejo da antracnose da goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.)

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/0100-5405/2103 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 149-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rommel dos Santos Siqueira Gomes ◽

Andréa Celina Ferreira Demartelaere ◽

Luciana Cordeiro do Nascimento ◽

Wendel Oliveira Maciel ◽

Danilo Bruno Néri da Silva Wanderley

Keyword(s):

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Psidium Guajava

RESUMO A cultura da goiaba apresenta perdas em torno de 40 a 60% na pós-colheita relacionadas a problemas fitossanitários, como a antracnose causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Pesquisas com métodos alternativos utilizando indutores de resistência têm sido bastante promissoras na busca de produtos com alto potencial no controle de patógenos em pós-colheita. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os indutores de resistência no controle da antracnose e seus efeitos na qualidade físico-química em frutos de goiabeira ‘Paluma’. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: Agro-mós®, Ecolife®, Fosfitonova K®, Cuprogarb 500®, Rocksil® e testemunha (água destilada esterilizada). Realizou-se o teste in vitro, com discos de colônia de C. gloeosporioides (0,45 cm de diâmetro) com sete dias de cultivo e, postos em meio de cultura BDA acrescidos com os indutores. Foi determinada a porcentagem de inibição do crescimento micelial de C. gloeosporioides. O ensaio in vivo foi realizado com frutos de goiabeira variedade Paluma, desinfestados e tratados com indutores. Em seguida, discos de colônia do C. gloeosporioides foram inoculados e do primeiro ao oitavo dia após a inoculação, foram feitas avaliações do diâmetro das lesões nos frutos. As análises pós-colheita foram realizadas, avaliando a perda de massa fresca, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez titulável (AT), razão SST/AT e potencial hidrogeniônico (pH). Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcela subdivididas 6x8 (tratamentos x período de avaliação) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os indutores Agro-mos®, Ecolife®, Fosfitonova K®, Cuprogarb 500® e Rocksil® inibiram o crescimento micelial do C. gloeosporioides in vitro, reduziram o diâmetro das lesões e mantiveram a qualidade pós-colheita em frutos de goiabeira ‘Paluma’.

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A Review of Plants Used in South African Traditional Medicine for the Management and Treatment of Hypertension

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-0801-8771 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (04) ◽

pp. 312-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Fatai Balogun ◽

Anofi Ashafa

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

South African ◽

Plant Species ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Higher Plants ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Research Councils

AbstractSouth Africa contains 9% of the worldʼs higher plants, and despite its rich biodiversity, it has one of the highest prevalence of hypertension in Africa. This review provides information on medicinal plants embraced in South Africa for hypertension management, with the aim of reporting pharmacological information on the indigenous use of these plants as antihypertensives. This review not only focuses on the activity of antihypertensive medicinal plants but also reports some of its phytochemical constituents and other ethnopharmacological and therapeutic properties. Information obtained from scientific and or unpublished databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, SciFinder, JSTOR, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and various books revealed 117 documented antihypertensive plant species from 50 families. Interestingly, Asteraceae topped the list with 16 species, followed by Fabaceae with 8 species; however, only 25% of all plant species have demonstrated antihypertensive effects originating from both in vitro and in vivo studies, lending credence to their folkloric use. Only 11 plant species reportedly possess antihypertensive properties in animal models, with very few species subjected to analytical processes to reveal the identity of their bioactive antihypertensive compounds. In this review, we hope to encourage researchers and global research institutions (universities, agricultural research councils, and medical research councils), particularly those showing an interest in natural products, for the need for concerted efforts to undertake more studies aimed at revealing the untapped potential of these plants. These studies are very important for the development of new pharmaceuticals of natural origin useful for the management of hypertension.

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