scholarly journals Breast-feeding: knowledge and attitudes of undergraduate nutrition majors

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erly Catarina Moura ◽  
Bárbara Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The United States ◽  
State University ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
San Jose State University

A sample of, forty-five undergraduate nutrition majors from San Jose State University (SJSU) in the United States and forty-six from Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas) in Brazil completed a 9uestionnaire elaborated to compare their' breast feeding experience, knowledge and attitudes. Results showed that 44.4% of SJSU and 80.4% of PUC-Campinas .students had been breast-fed (p=0.01). Although students intended to breast-feed, both groups had a negative attitude toward breast-feeding in public: SJSU students (56.8%) felt social pressures to not breast=feed in public, and PUC-Campinas students (54.3%) expressed personal constraint. SJSU students emphasized convenience, and PUC-Campinas students mentioned, immunological factors as advantages of breast-feeding. PUC-Campinas students considered protection as an advantage of formula, feeding. Concerning causal factors for breast feeding failure, SJSU students cited negative social pressure and biological problems, and PUC-Campinas students mentioned, lack of information. In conclusion, it is necessary to improve the curricula, if we expect future nutrition professionals to have adequate knowledge to promote and choose breast feeding successfully.

scholarly journals Information-Seeking Behavior of Multicultural Students: A Case Study at San Jose State University

1997 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxiong Liu ◽  
Bernice Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Students ◽  
State University ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Multicultural Students ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
San Jose State University ◽  
First Time

In 1995 a survey was conducted on the campus of San Jose State University where, for the first time, so-called minorities made up 50.7 percent of the total student population. Asian students compose the largest group among other ethnic groups. The study shows that students who use English as their primary language are usually more successful in using the library than those who use English as a second language. Length of stay in the United States also affects how often students use the library, as well as their behavior in asking reference questions. The survey found that Asian students are hindered by a fear of asking stupid questions, a belief that their English is not good enough, an inability to understand answers well, and a lack of familiarity with the library reference desk.

scholarly journals Structure May Be Key to Incorporating Library School Interns in Academic Library Environments

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Heather R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
The United States ◽  
State University ◽  
San Jose ◽  
San Jose State University ◽  
Development Objectives

Objective – To evaluate the effectiveness of the San Jose State University Library internship program. Design – Focus group; single point in time; qualitative design. Setting – Large academic library in the United States of America. Subjects – Nine former interns of the San Jose State University (SJSU) Library. Methods - Nine former interns of the SJSU Library internship program participated in a single 90-minute session. No inducements for participation were offered. A moderator asked a series of 10 questions designed to gather feedback in three areas: 1) “the internship as part of the Masters program,” 2) “the internship’s role in the realization of personal objectives and professional development,” and 3) “the experience of working in team based activities.” A digital voice recorder captured the participants’ responses, allowing for detailed analysis of the responses after the session. Main Results – The interns deemed their overall experience successful, as all indicated they achieved their professional development objectives for the internship. However, the interns also indicated their experience could have been improved by the appointment of a single dedicated coordinator for recruitment and oversight, as well as more feedback on the quality of their work, especially for course-related instruction. Conclusion – The SJSU Library determined that the internship program was advantageous to both the Library and the interns. All of the interns who participated in the focus group achieved their profession development objectives for the internship. Additionally, the Library received valuable feedback for improving the program. Suggestions included appointing a dedicated internship coordinator, allowing interns more of an opportunity to choose their projects, and ensuring that interns are offered frequent feedback about the quality of their work.

scholarly journals Teaching U.S.–Mexico Relations to Dreamers in the Time of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Angela Cecilia Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
The United States ◽  
State University ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Political Events ◽  
San Jose State University

This article reflects upon the shared experience of learning and teaching among a community of Dreamers at San Jose State University in fall 2020. The triple whammy of the COVID-19 pandemic, the murder of George Floyd, and the 2020 presidential election created a semester like no other for college students. Our class acquired a deeper understanding of the historical and political events that brought us to the United States as inhabitants of the California borderlands as we watched the events of 2020 unfold.

Trends in Breast-Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-602
Author(s):  
Gerry E. Hendershot
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Market Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Disadvantaged Women ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Short Section

Starting from very high levels in the 1940s, breast-feeding declined steadily to low levels in the early 1970s, and then began an upward trend which has apparently continued until the present (Fig. 1). In the 1940s, breast-feeding was more common among disadvantaged women. The subsequent decline was also more rapid among the disadvantaged, however, so that by the early 1970s, disadvantaged women were considerably less likely than others to breast-feed. Because the increase since the early 1970s has not been so pronounced among the disadvantaged, they continue to have relatively low levels of breast-feeding. The causes of these trends and differentials are not well understood. These are the principal conclusions drawn from a review of statistical studies of trends and differentials in breast-feeding in the United States. The studies included national health surveys conducted by the federal government, market research surveys conducted by infant formula manufacturers, and infant feeding surveys conducted by medical researchers. The studies differed markedly in their methods—a fact that affects their validity, reliability, and comparability. The first section of this paper discusses these data sources and their limitations. The next two sections discuss the downward trend in breast-feeding from the 1940s to the early 1970s, and the upward trend since. Each of these sections examines demographic differences in these trends. A short section that addresses possible causes of the trends and differentials follows those two sections. SOURCES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE DATA The principal sources of data on trends and differentials in breast-feeding are national fertility surveys, market research surveys, and special purpose infant-feeding surveys.

Recent Declines in Breast-Feeding in the United States, 1984 Through 1989

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Ryan ◽  
David Rush ◽  
Fritz W. Krieger ◽  
Gregory E. Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
College Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Breast Feed

Ongoing surveys performed by Ross Laboratories demonstrate recent declines both in the initiation of breast-feeding and continued breast-feeding at 6 months of age. Comparing rates in 1984 and 1989, the initiation of breast-feeding declined approximately 13% (from 59.7% to 52.2%), and there was a 24% decline in the rate of breast-feeding at 6 months of age (from 23.8% to 18.1%). The decline in breast-feeding was seen across all groups studied but was greater in some groups than in others. Logistic regression analysis indicates that white ethnicity, some college education, increased maternal age, and having an infant of normal birth weight were all positively associated with the likelihood of both initiating breast-feeding and continuing to breast-feed to at least 6 months of age. Women who were black and who were younger, no more than high school educated, enrolled in the Women, Infants and Children supplemental food program, working outside the home, not living in the western states, and who had an infant of low birth weight were less likely either to initiate breast-feeding or to be nursing when their children were 6 months of age. The factors influencing the decline in breast-feeding were not uniform. There were fewer sociodemograpahic factors associated with the decline in the initiation of breast-feeding than in the decline in prolonged breast-feeding. While the disparity between older and younger mothers in initiating breast-feeding increased, there was an offsetting trend as the disparity associated with parity decreased. The only other significantly changed relationship for initiation of breast-feeding was that the disparity associated with higher income increased significantly: the decline in the rates of breast-feeding among the less affluent was greater than among the more affluent. Many more sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with declines in breast-feeding at 6 months of age. The disparity between those mothers not employed and those employed increased (from an odds ratio of 1.65 in 1984 to 2.43 in 1989). The disparities associated with age and parity both increased over time: the rate of breast-feeding declined more steeply among younger and primiparous mothers than among older and multiparous mothers. Similarly, the declines were greater among those enrolled in the Women, Infants and Children program (compared with those not enrolled), those with less than a college education (compared with some college education), and those not residing in the western region of the United States (compared with those residing in the West). Educational efforts to promote breast-feeding are needed for all pregnant women and should be particularly directed toward the groups who have experienced the most rapid recent decline in the rates of breast-feeding.

Nuclear science programs at San Jose State University

1993 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
A. Campbell Ling ◽  
P. A. J. Englert ◽  
C. A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
State University ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Nuclear Science ◽  
San Jose State University

Executive Summary

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

Domestic Although the rate of breast-feeding is increasing in the United States, it appears that the rate of increase has been much slower among less well educated and economically disadvantaged women. Relatively little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that affect the decisions to breast-feed or to stop if already breast-feeding. Breast-feeding does appear to decrease an infant's risk of gastrointestinal infection and otitis media. The effect of method of infant feeding on risk of other infections and allergic illness is less certain. International The rate of breast-feeding in developing countries appears to have declined, especially among urban women. Although some sociodemographic correlates of infant-feeding choice have been examined, little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that influence choice and duration of infant-feeding practices. Milk insufficiency, maternal employment, and pregnancy frequently are given as reasons for terminating breast-feeding. Rates of gastrointestinal illness are lower among breast-fed infants and when such illness is an important cause of death, infant mortality from this cause appears to be reduced. A randomized clinical trial carried out among high-risk infants found a significantly lower rate of infections among those given breast milk than those fed with infant formula. The evidence of the effect of breast-feeding on respiratory tract and other infections from other studies was less clear. Direct comparison of the growth of predominately breast-fed v artificially fed infants in the same populations from developing countries generally show faster growth for the breast-fed infants for the first 6 months of life. After 6 months, severe growth faltering occurs regardless of the method of feeding. In communities where the nutritional adequacy of supplementary foods is poor, breast milk is an extremely important, high-quality food during the second half of infancy and beyond.

Breast-Feeding Trends: A Cause for Action

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-868
Author(s):  
RUTH A. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Human Lactation ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
The Many ◽  
National Effort

Breast-feeding in the United States reached a peak in 1982 after suffering an abysmal decline in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s which followed the introduction of the many conveniences afforded by infant formulas. Much effort, energy, and enthusiasm has been poured into the encouragement of women to breast-feed their infants for at least the first 6 months. In 1984, C. Everett Koop, MD, Surgeon General of the United States, said, "We must identify and reduce the barriers that keep women from beginning or continuing to breast-feed their infants."1 A major national effort followed the Surgeon General's Workshop on Breast-feeding and Human Lactation in 1984.2

JAPANTOWN PREPARED AND ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES: CAMPUS-COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS FOR DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Cheryl Cowan ◽  
Kalyn Mumma ◽  
Johnny Nguyen ◽  
A.J. Faas
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
State University ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Community Based Organization ◽  
San Jose State University

Abstract Universities and community-based organizations partner to provide benefits to students and to communities where universities are situated. We examine the core elements of a successful partnership in a case study of an ongoing collaboration between San José State University (SJSU) and Japantown Prepared, a community-based organization whose mission is to advance disaster preparedness at the household and community level within San José, California’s, historic Japantown. We demonstrate these core elements of success through a discussion of the development and execution of several projects designed to build capacity within Japantown Prepared and provide real-world experience for Organizational Studies students at SJSU. We conclude that the relationship between SJSU and Japantown Prepared meets the core elements of a successful partnership and provide further suggestions for its continued success.

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