Follow-up of children and adolescents with short stature: the importance of the growth rate

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Short stature is defined as a height of more than two standard deviations below the average for a given age and sex in a reference population. The objective was to describe follow-up conducted among short-stature children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study, at the Growth outpatient clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: The study included 152 patients aged 2 to 15 years who had height for age of less than P5, on the National Center for Health Statistics curve. The children underwent nutritional evaluation, and several variables relating to height and growth rate were calculated to establish etiological diagnosis. Bone age was evaluated by X-ray. RESULTS: The majority (63.2%) were male. In 77.8%, the stature observed was within the family pattern. Among the 99 patients followed up for more than 6 months, 17.2% presented inadequate growth rates. The preponderant etiological diagnosis for short stature was familial/constitutional in 58.6% of the cases; 27 patients (34.2%) with adequate growth rate presented bone age alterations. Even with inadequate growth rates, 75% of such patients had a normal result from growth hormone stimulation testing. Close to 90% of patients with a diagnosis of short stature of familial/constitutional origin and intrauterine growth retardation presented adequate growth rate. The genetic etiology was significantly characteristic of patients with inadequate growth rate. CONCLUSION: Growth rate assessment must form part of the investigation and follow-up of short-stature cases. However, its utilization and validity should form part of an overall view of each patient.

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Ultrasound Surveillance of Ectatic Abdominal Aortas

Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England ◽

10.1308/003588408x301064 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 477-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

S Devaraj ◽

SR Dodds

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Screening Programme ◽

T Test ◽

Aortic Aneurysms ◽

Aortic Diameter ◽

Ultrasound Screening ◽

The Mean ◽

Clinically Significant

INTRODUCTION Some studies have considered abdominal aortas of 2.6–2.9 cm diameter (ectatic aortas) at age 65 years as being abnormal and have recommended surveillance, whereas others have considered these normal and surveillance unnecessary. It is, therefore, not clear how to manage patients with an initial aortic diameter between 2.6–2.9 cm detected at screening. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth rates of ectatic aortas detected on initial ultrasound screening to determine if any developed into clinically significant abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs; > 5.0 cm) and clarify the appropriate surveillance intervals for these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were obtained from a prospective AAA screening programme which commenced in 1992. The group of patients with initial aortic diameters of 2.6–2.9 cm with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were included in this study (Group 2). This was further divided into two subgroups (Groups 3a and 3b) based on a minimum follow-up interval obtained from outcome analysis. Mean growth rate was calculated as change in aortic diameter with time. The comparison of growth rates in Groups 3a and 3b was performed using the t-test. The number and proportion of AAAs that expanded to ≥ 3.0 cm and ≥ 5.0 cm in diameter were also calculated. RESULTS Out of 999 patients with AAA ≥ 2.6 cm with minimum 1-year follow-up, 358 (36%) were classified as ectatic aortas (2.6–2.9 cm) at initial ultrasound screening with the mean growth rate of 1.69 mm/year (95% CI, 1.56–1.82 mm/year) with a mean follow-up of 5.4 years. Of these 358 ectatic aortas, 314 (88%) expanded into ≥ 3.0 cm, 45 (13%) expanded to ≥ 5.0 cm and only 8 (2%) expanded to ≥ 5.5 cm over a mean follow-up of 5.4 years (range, 1–14 years). No ectatic aortas expanded to ≥ 5.0 cm within the first 4 years of surveillance. Therefore, the minimum follow-up interval was set at 4 years and this threshold was then used for further analysis. The mean growth rate in Group 3a (< 5.0 cm at last scan) was 1.33 mm/year (95% CI, 1.23–1.44 mm/year) with a mean follow-up of 7 years compared to Group 3b (≥ 5.0 cm at last scan) with the mean growth rate of 3.33 mm/year (95% CI 3.05–3.61 mm/year) and a mean follow-up of 8 years. The comparison of mean growth rates between Groups 3a and 3b is statistically significant (t-test; T = 13.00; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS One-third of patients undergoing AAA screening will have ectatic aortas (2.6–2.9 cm) and at least 13% of these will expand to a size of ≥ 5.0 cm over a follow-up of 4–14 years. A threshold diameter of 2.6 cm for defining AAAs in a screening programme is recommended and ectatic aortas detected at age 65 years can be re-screened at 4 years after the initial scan. A statistically significant difference was found in the growth rates of ectatic aortas with minimum 4 years follow-up, expanding to ≥ 5.0 cm compared to those less than 5.0 cm at last surveillance scan. Further studies are required to test the hypothesis of whether growth rate over the first 4 years of surveillance will identify those who are most likely to expand to a clinically significant size (> 5.0 cm).

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Long-term growth and development in 268 bevacizumab (BEV)-treated and 135 control pediatric/adolescent patients (pts): An integrated analysis.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.10554 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 10554-10554

Author(s):

Hermann L. Müller ◽

Johannes H.M. Merks ◽

Birgit Geoerger ◽

Jacques Grill ◽

Darren Hargrave ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

High Grade Glioma ◽

Bone Age ◽

Reference Population ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Growth Data ◽

Growth Development

10554 Background: BEV has an established safety profile in adults, but long-term data in children are limited. This analysis examined the effects of BEV on growth/development in pediatric/adolescent pts. Methods: Data (height, weight, body mass index [BMI], bone age data) were pooled (5 trials): NCT00643565 (Ph2/soft tissue sarcoma); NCT01390948 (Ph2/high-grade glioma); NCT00085111 (Ph1/refractory solid tumors); NCT00667342 (Ph2/osteosarcoma); NCT00381797 (Ph2/glioma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma). Pts (<18 yrs old) received ≥1 dose of BEV + chemotherapy (CT) (n=268) or CT alone (n=135). Analyses were exploratory/descriptive. Reference growth data: WHO (<2 yrs); Centres for Disease Control (≥2 yrs). Results: Across the trials, mean number of BEV administrations per pt ranged 5.6–19.9 (dose 5–15mg/kg every 2/3 weeks). Median follow-up time, months (range): BEV+CT, 37.9 (2.4–64.2); CT, 22.9 (2.8–69.2). At baseline, median height, weight, and BMI were close to that of the reference population (mean standard deviation scores [SDS] close to 0). Over 60 months, a slight decline was observed in the mean SDS for height and weight in both arms in this cohort with different tumors/treatments (Table), but remained within normal range of healthy children. Trends were similar for BMI. No delay in growth velocity or bone age in BEV-treated pts vs CT only was observed up to 3 yrs, regardless of age/gender. A subgroup analysis of pts in the growth hormone-dependent development phase was consistent with the overall results. Conclusions: In this analysis, BEV inclusion in the treatment regimen did not have a negative impact on pediatric growth/development beyond that of CT alone. [Table: see text]

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Prevalence, growth rate and complications of splenic artery aneurysms in chronic liver disease patients

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000915 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Marcelo Assis Rocha ◽

Eduardo Saltão Silva Marques ◽

Layra Ribeiro de Sousa Leão ◽

Thiago Raspa Freitas Magdalena ◽

Aline Andrade Dórea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Liver Transplantation ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Chronic Liver Disease ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Splenic Artery ◽

Artery Aneurysm ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Post Transplantation

Summary: Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) patients are at greater risk for developing splenic artery aneurysm (SAA). Treatment for aneurysms > 2.5 cm in this population is considered. However, the procedure might be challenging in CLD patients, and complications may interfere in liver transplantation. We, therefore, sought to estimate the prevalence, growth rate and complications of SAA in patients with CLD. As secondary objective, we sought to evaluate whether those features differ in pre and post transplantation follow-up and among aneurysms with diameters greater or less than 2.5 cm at diagnosis. Patients and methods: We searched for the terms “SAA” and “CLD” on CT or MRI reports from January 2009 to December 2016. Patients with single examination or less than 6 months follow-up were excluded. Results: Fifty nine out of 2050 CLD patients presented SAA (prevalence of 2.9%). Fifteen patients were excluded (due to exclusion criteria). Forty-four CLD patients (mean age 55.9 years) presented 76 SAA (follow-up median of 27.2 months). Aneurysms presented mean size of 1.5 ± 0.74 cm at diagnosis and growth rate of 0.12 ± 0.14 cm/y. Two (4.5%) patients presented mild complications (aneurysm thrombosis). No significant differences were observed in the growth rates of aneurysms < 2.5 cm and ≥ 2.5 cm or in the initial size and growth rates of aneurysms of patients submitted to and not submitted to liver transplantation. Conclusions: The estimated prevalence of SAA in patients with DLC in the Brazilian population is 2.9% (CI95% 2.2–3.6%). Although SAA in CLD patients are less likely to remain stable and grow faster than in general population, aneurysms are usually diagnosed at smaller size and complications are rare. These findings might support conservative management with close surveillance, especially in smaller aneurysms.

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Statural development parallels IGFI levels in subjects of constitutionally variant stature

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1140524 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 524-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Michel Binoux ◽

Micheline Gourmelen

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Bone Age ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Normal Children ◽

Gh Secretion ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Igf I ◽

The Individual

Abstract. Using a protein-binding assay which measures mainly IGF I, serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) were determined in 263 children and adolescents of constitutionally variant stature but with normal GH secretion following provocative stimuli. A positive correlation was found between height age and the logarithm of IGF levels (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a correlation was found in the tall and short subjects as a group between the ratio of IGF/normal IGF for age and between the ratio of growth rate/normal growth rate for age (r = 0.53, P < 0.001). Subjects were compared at the same stage of development. At a given bone age or stage of puberty, tall subjects had significantly higher IGF levels than short subjects (P < 0.005). After the completion of growth, IGF levels in both short and tall subjects stabilized within the normal range. Nevertheless, their mean levels remained significantly different (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that in normal children and adolescents, differences in IGF I secretion may be at least partially responsible for the individual differences in growth.

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Male-female specific aortic growth after 10 year follow-up in an aged population

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

C Thijssen ◽

F.O Mutluer ◽

J.E Van Der Toorn ◽

L.R Bons ◽

A.L Gokalp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

General Population ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Cardiac Ct ◽

Rotterdam Study ◽

Antithrombotic Agents ◽

Descending Aorta ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background Aortic diameters are known to increase with age. However, longitudinal data on normal thoracic aortic growth rate over the adult life course are lacking. To better understand and recognize pathological aortic growth and factors influencing aortic dilatation, it is crucial to study aortic growth patterns in the general population. Purpose To study sex- and age-specific aortic growth rates in the general population, and to identify factors associated with aortic growth rate and developing aortic pathology. Methods Participants of the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study who underwent non-enhanced cardiac CT (2003–2006) were invited for a follow-up non-enhanced cardiac CT (2018–2019). On both CT-scans, diameters of the ascending (AA) and descending aorta (DA) were measured at the level of the pulmonary bifurcation. Mean aortic growth rates and 95th percentiles were calculated. Linear regression models were built to identify factors associated with aortic growth. Results In this preliminary analysis, 933 participants were included (52% females, median age 65 years). During a mean follow-up time of 14 years, the mean aortic growth rates of the ascending aorta (AA) were 0.08 mm/year in males and 0.07 mm/year in females. For the descending aorta (DA) these were 0.07 mm/year in males and 0.05mm/year in females. Participants with AA diameters of ≥40 mm (n=147) or DA diameters of ≥35 mm (n=11) at baseline did not show accelerated growth compared to the other participants. Higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), and use of antithrombotic agents were associated with less AA growth. Age, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and male sex were associated with more AA growth. For the DA, higher DBP and smoking were associated with a higher growth rate. Higher SBP, diabetes and use of antithrombotic agents were associated with less DA growth. Conclusion Thoracic aortic growth rates in the general population are low. Differences in growth were found between men and women, although these differences may not be clinically relevant. Antithrombotic medication use was related to lower thoracic aortic growth rates, emphasizng the need for further investigation into the potential effect of this treatment. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): The Rotterdam Study is funded by Erasmus MC and Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw); the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE); the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports; the European Commission (DG XII); and the Municipality of Rotterdam. MK is supported by a VENI grant (91616079) from ZonMw. JWR-H, LRB, CGET, ALG, MMM and JJMT are supported by the Dutch Heart Foundation (2013T093) and ZonMW (849200014).

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Accurate and reproducible aortic growth rate mapping via registration of serial contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiograms

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

L Dux-Santoy ◽

J F Rodriguez Palomares ◽

G Teixido-Tura ◽

A Ruiz-Munoz ◽

G Casas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Image Registration ◽

Thoracic Aorta ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Aortic Root ◽

Clinical Management ◽

Current Standard ◽

Contrast Enhanced

Abstract Introduction Accurate assessment of aortic diameters and growth rates is key for clinical management of patients with aortic aneurysms [1]. Manual assessment on multiplanar reformatted views of computed tomography angiograms (CTA) is recommended [1], although its reproducibility in the assessment of growth rates has not been reported [2]. Image registration has been proposed to provide 3D maps of aortic diameters and growth [3], but its accuracy and reproducibility have not been established. Purpose To quantify accuracy and inter-observer reproducibility of aortic root and thoracic aorta diameters and growth rate by registration of serial CTAs compared to current standard. Methods Forty non-operated patients with ≥2 contrast-enhanced ECG-gated CTA acquired at least 6 months apart were included. Aortic diameters and growth rates were measured in the aortic root and thoracic aorta by two independent observers, both with the current standard and with the registration-based technique. To perform registration-based assessment, each observer semi-automatically segmented the aorta at baseline and located typical anatomical landmarks (Fig. 1A). Then, deformable image registration was used to map baseline and follow-up CT scans and deformation was applied to the baseline aortic surface points to obtain their location at follow-up (Fig. 1B). Finally, aortic root diameters and growth rate and 3D maps of thoracic aortic diameters and growth rate were automatically obtained (Fig. 1C). Agreement between techniques and their inter-observer reproducibility were calculated. Results Follow-up duration was 3.3±1.5 years (range 0.52–6.2). Compared with manual assessment, registration-based aortic diameters presented low bias and excellent agreement in the aortic root (0.42 mm, ICC=0.99) and the thoracic aorta (0.55 mm, ICC=0.99), and similar inter-observer reproducibility (ICC=0.99 for both). Compared with manual assessment, registration-based growth rates presented low bias and good agreement in the aortic root (0.12 mm/y, ICC=0.84) and the thoracic aorta (0.03 mm/y, ICC=0.77) (Fig. 2A), and much higher inter-observer reproducibility (ICC=0.96 vs 0.68 in the aortic root, ICC=0.96 vs 0.80 in the thoracic aorta) (Fig. 2B and C). Registration-based aortic growth rates reproducibility at 6 months follow-up was comparable to that obtained by manual assessment at 2.7 years (LoA = [−0.01, 0.33] and LoA = [−0.13, 0.21], respectively). Aortic diameters and growth rate 3D maps were highly reproducible (ICC>0.9) in the whole thoracic aorta. Conclusions Progressive aortic dilation assessment via registration of CTAs is accurate and more reproducible than the current standard even over follow-ups as short as 6 months, and further provides robust 3D mapping of aortic diameters and growth rates. Its application may provide new insights in aneurysms pathophysiology and improve the clinical management of these patients. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): This study has received funding from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI17/00381). Guala A. has received funding from Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (IJC2018-037349-I). Figure 1. Methodology. Figure 2. Growth rate comparison.

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Influence and Effect of Acupoint Application of Chinese Medicine on Height and Bone Age of Children with Short Stature

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/7459593 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Weiqun Wang ◽

Hong Sun ◽

Yushuang Ye ◽

Zhengyang Shao ◽

Yuping Xiao

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Short Stature ◽

Clinical Efficacy ◽

Bone Age ◽

Growth Speed ◽

Height Increment ◽

Curative Effect ◽

Before And After

Objective. To explore the effect of acupoint application of Chinese medicine on children’s height and bone age. Methods. Altogether, 120 children with a short stature treated in our hospital from September 2017 to September 2018 were divided into the control group (CG, n = 60) and the observation group (OG, n = 60) according to the random number table method. The children in CG were given healthy diet and exercise plans and supplemented with daily vitamin intake. The OG was treated with acupoint application of Chinese medicine on the basis of the CG. The clinical efficacy of the CG and the OG of children after treatment was observed. The height increment, growth rate, and bone age of children were compared before and after treatment. The levels of IGF-1 and 25-(OH)D in the serum of children before and after treatment were tested. According to the clinical curative effect after treatment, the children were divided into good curative effect group (markedly effective + effective) and poor curative effect group (ineffective). Logistics regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk factors. Results. Compared with the CG, the curative effect on the OG was evidently improved ( P < 0.05 ). In addition, the height increment, the growth speed, and the bone age of the OG increased evidently ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the CG, the expression of IGF-1 and 25-(OH)D of the OG elevated ( P < 0.05 ). Serum IGF-1 and 25-(OH)D concentrations were positively correlated with growth rate and bone age ( P < 0.05 ). Risk factors analysis showed that disease course, IGF-1, 25-(OH)D expression, and heredity were the risk factors affecting the curative effect on children. Conclusion. Acupoint application of Chinese medicine has effect on the height and bone age of children with short stature, which is worthy of clinical promotion. In addition, early treatment should be carried out to improve the clinical efficacy of children.

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P14.02 The Natural History of a Residual Intracranial Meningioma- Volumetric Growth and Predictors of Progression

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noab180.131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii38-ii38

Author(s):

C S Gillespie ◽

G E Richardson ◽

M A Mustafa ◽

A I Islim ◽

S M Keshwara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Skull Base ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Volumetric Growth ◽

Who Grade ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Base Location

Abstract BACKGROUND Resection of meningioma leaves residual solid tumour in ~25% of patients. Selection for further treatment and follow-up strategy may benefit from knowledge of volumetric growth and associated prognostic factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Growth rates were assessed using a linear mixed effects model, in a retrospective adult cohort that underwent subtotal resection of meningioma (2004–2018). Endpoints were re-treatment, end of follow-up or death. Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors for progression, defined using the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) volumetric criteria. RESULTS 236 patients were included. Mean age at surgery was 56.3 years (SD=13.7) and 73.7% were female. WHO grades were 1 (n=195, 82.6%), 2 (n=40, 16.9%) and 3 (n=1, 0.5%). Adjuvant fractionated radiotherapy (fRT) was administered to 34 patients (14.4%), with no propensity towards higher WHO grade or residual volume. Median pre-operative meningioma and post-operative residual volumes were 34.0cm3 (IQR 16.0–63.0) and 2.0cm3 (IQR 0.8–5.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 64 months (IQR 42–104). Median absolute growth rate (AGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were 0.1cm3/year and 4.3%/year, respectively. According to RANO criteria, 132 (55.9%) patients progressed, of which 13 (9.8%) developed symptoms. Median progression-free survival was 56 months (95% CI 43.1–69.0). Multivariable analysis identified adjuvant fRT (HR 1.7, [95% CI 1.0–2.8], P=0.046), skull base location (HR 1.5, [95% CI 1.0–2.4], P=0.047) and Ki-67 index (HR 3.7 [95% CI 1.3–10.8], P=0.017) as prognostic factors for volumetric progression. WHO grade was not significant (HR 1.0, [95% CI 0.5–1.7], P=0.905). Forty-nine patients who progressed (37.1%) underwent further treatment: fRT (n=19), re-operation (n=15), Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (n=10) and surgery+adjuvant fRT (n=5). Of those, 8 (16.3%) progressed further (after re-operation [n=6] and SRS [n=2]). Seven were treated with a 2nd re-operation (n=3), fRT (n=3), and SRS (n=1). One patient progressed after a 2nd reoperation and was treated with SRS, after which they remained stable. Median survival was not reached. 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) was 96% and 86% respectively. CONCLUSION Growth rates of a residual meningioma vary with a dichotomy observed in progression rates. Half of patients with a residual meningioma showed radiological progression requiring multiple treatment to control the tumour. The other half demonstrate a more indolent course. Skull base location and higher Ki67 are important prognostic factors for progression and therefore, should be considered to stratify patients for adjuvant radiotherapy.

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Ipsilateral Testicular Catch-Up Growth Rate Following Microsurgical Inguinal Adolescent Varicocelectomy

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/356374 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Orhun Sinanoglu ◽

Seyit Erkan Eyyupoglu ◽

Sinan Ekici

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Testicular Function ◽

Primary Method ◽

Fertility Status ◽

Future Fertility ◽

Testicular Size ◽

Catch Up ◽

The Right

Objective. To evaluate the ipsilateral catch-up growth rates compared to contralateral testicular growth in adolescents with varicocele undergoing microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy.Materials and Methods. Between December 2005 and May 2007, 39 adolescent patients with grade 2-3 varicocele admitted to our clinic with complaints of pain and/or testicular asymmetry were operated. Preoperative mean age was 14.5 ± 1.96 (9–17). Testicular volumes were assessed with ultrasound every 3 months. The available followup was 39 months.Results. In our series, mean testicular preoperative volumes were9.07±3.19 mL for the right and5.90±1.74 mL for the left. Mean testicular volumes at the end of follow up were13.97±3.42 mL for the right and12.20±4.05 mL for the left. The testicular catch-up growth approximately begins after the 9th month and significant catch-up occurred in the 12–24 months (P<0.05).Conclusion. Since testicular volume is the primary method of assessing testicular function in adolescents, testicular size can predict future fertility status significantly 9 months after surgical varicocele correction.

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Growth rate of serous pancreatic neoplasms in vivo: a retrospective, observational study

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185118787350 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 433-440

Author(s):

Chan Park ◽

Hyoung Jung Kim ◽

So Yeon Kim ◽

Seung Soo Lee ◽

Jae Ho Byun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Pancreatic Neoplasms ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Tumor Growth Rate ◽

Linear Mixed Effects ◽

Before And After ◽

In Vivo Growth

Background Determining the growth rate of pancreatic cystic lesions on follow-up imaging is important in managing patients with these lesions. However, the growth rates of serous pancreatic neoplasms (SPNs) have been reported to vary among studies. Purpose To determine the in vivo growth rate of SPNs. Material and Methods This retrospective, single-institutional study included patients diagnosed with SPNs during 2006–2015. The diagnosis of SPNs was based on the results of surgery, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy (CNB), or typical radiologic features of SPN. A linear mixed-effects model was utilized to determine whether the diagnostic intervention was associated with tumor growth rate in all patients. The in vivo growth rate of SPNs was estimated from patients without or before diagnostic intervention. SPN growth rates were compared before and after diagnostic intervention. Results SPN growth rates in the overall patient cohort (n = 304) differed significantly between patients who did and did not undergo diagnostic interventions. The in vivo SPN growth rate in 204 patients without or before diagnostic intervention was 1.9 mm/year (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6–2.2). In the 130 patients who underwent diagnostic intervention, the SPN growth rate was significantly greater before than after diagnostic intervention (1.8 vs. 0.2 mm/year). Conclusions In the absence of diagnostic intervention, the in vivo growth rate of SPNs was 1.9 mm/year (95% CI = 1.6–2.2). EUS-guided FNA or CNB may affect the growth rate of SPNs.

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