Kidney weight and volume among living donors in Brazil

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The present study was performed to measure kidney weight and volume among living donors of both sexes in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional survey carried out between December 2001 and August 2004. METHODS: Kidney transplantations from 219 living donors were analyzed for this study. The kidneys were weighed in grams on a single-pan digital balance just after drainage of the perfusion fluid and removal of the perirenal fat. The kidney volume was determined in milliliters by water displacement. RESULTS: The mean age at nephroureterectomy was 44 ± 9.5. The donor organs came from the left side in 172 cases and from the right side in 47 cases. The weights and volumes of the right and left kidneys were, respectively, 169.83 ± 29.91 g and 157.38 ± 31.84 ml; and 173.00 ± 33.52 g and 160.34 ± 34.40 ml. The differences between the sides were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: According to the present study, kidney weight cannot be the only factor determining the side on which nephroureterectomy is performed, because of the lack of statistical significance between the two sides. On average, females donate lower nephron doses than males do, which could in some transplants result in allograft damage.

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A gap between Law and Practice: A Community’s Perception of Unmarried Women’s Abortion Options in Nepal

Health Prospect ◽

10.3126/hprospect.v12i2.9869 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 24-30

Author(s):

Simone Christensen Hald ◽

Ditte Aagaard Sondergaard

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Safe Abortion ◽

Community Attitudes ◽

Abortion Law ◽

Premarital Sexual Activity ◽

Premarital Sexual ◽

The Right ◽

Changing Attitudes ◽

Depth Interviews

Background In 2002, the Nepalese abortion law went from being highly restrictive to fully liberal. This study aimed to explore a local community’s perception of the situation for unmarried Nepalese women wanting to practice their legal right to abortion.Methods The study comprised a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews with men and women above the age of 16 years living in the Makwanpur District, Nepal. The final data included 55 questionnaires and 16 interviews. The questionnaire data was univariate analysed, while a condensation of meaning analysis was carried out on the interviews.Results The overall awareness of abortion being legal was high, although the extent of knowledge of the specific legal grounds varied. Unmarried women were believed to have access to abortion services, although they risked stigmatisation due to their marital status. The community attitude towards these women having abortions was very negative, hence it differed from the legal acceptance of all women having the right to abortion. This was explained by societal norms on premarital sexual activity. Generally, the participants felt that changing attitudes would be difficult but possible over time.Conclusion A considerable gap exists between the legal acceptance of abortion and community attitudes when it comes to unmarried women as this group encounters barriers when wanting to practice their right. Therefore, these barriers need to be addressed to allow unmarried Nepalese women access to safe abortion services without the risk of being stigmatised.One possible alternative is educational initiatives such as disseminating information vigorously through mass media to create awareness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i2.9869 Health Prospect Vol.12(2) 2013: 24-30

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Awareness of radiation doses and risks among radiology residents, fellows, specialists, consultants and technologists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study. (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.14460 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bashayer Hassan Shuaib ◽

Rahaf Hisham Niazi ◽

Ahmed Haitham Abduljabbar ◽

Mohammed Abdulraheem Wazzan

Keyword(s):

Interventional Radiology ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

P Value ◽

Radiation Doses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Right ◽

Interventional Radiology Procedures ◽

Radiology Staff

BACKGROUND Radiology now plays a major role to diagnose, monitoring, and management of several diseases; numerous diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures involve exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiology now plays a major role to diagnose, monitoring, and management of several diseases; numerous diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures involve exposure to ionizing radiation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to discover and compare the awareness level of radiation doses, protection issues, and risks among radiology staff in Jeddah hospitals. METHODS A cross-sectional survey containing 25 questions on personal information and various aspects of radiation exposure doses and risks was designed using an online survey tool and the link was emailed to all radiology staff in eight tertiary hospitals in Jeddah. The authors were excluded from the study. A P-value of < .05 was used to identify statistical significance. All analyses were performed using SPSS, version 21. RESULTS Out of 156 participants the majority 151 (96.8%) had poor knowledge score, where the mean scores were 2.4±1.3 for doses knowledge, 2.1±1.1for cancer risks knowledge, 2.3±0.6 for general information, and 6.7±1.9 for the total score. Only 34.6% of the participants were aware of the dosage of a single-view chest x-ray, and 9.0% chose the right answer for the approximate effective dose received by a patient in a two-view. 42.9% were able to know the correct dose of CT abdomen single phase. There is a significant underestimation of cancer risk of CT studies especially for CT abdomen where only 23.7% knew the right risk. A p-value of <0.05 was used to identify statistical significance. No significant difference of knowledge score was detected regarding gender (P =.2) or work position (P=.66). CONCLUSIONS Our survey results show considerable inadequate knowledge in all groups without exception. We recommended a conscientious effort to deliver more solid education and obtain more knowledge in these matters and providing periodic training courses to teach how to minimize the dose of radiation and to avoid risk related. CLINICALTRIAL not applicable

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Perceptions on the right to adequate food after a major landslide disaster: a cross-sectional survey of two districts in Uganda

BMC International Health and Human Rights ◽

10.1186/s12914-015-0047-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter M Rukundo ◽

Per O Iversen ◽

Bård A Andreassen ◽

Arne Oshaug ◽

Joyce Kikafunda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Food ◽

The Right ◽

Landslide Disaster

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice on COVID-19 among undergraduate students of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal: An online cross-sectional survey

Journal of Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jbs.v8i1.38457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

KR Pandey ◽

DR Panday ◽

P Pyakurel ◽

S Marahatta ◽

SP Rimal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Human Life ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Validated Questionnaire

Background: COVID-19, a global health crisis of the 21st century, has threatened possibly every aspect of human life. Since the pandemic is not yet over, this study was carried out among undergraduate students of a medical institute in Nepal to assess and boost their KAP status on the disease. Material and methods: It was an online cross-sectional census survey performed among consenting undergraduate healthcare students of BPKIHS. A self-made and validated questionnaire assessing KAP on COVID-19 was prepared in Google form and distributed online among target students. The study population was 745. Both descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was performed. Student’s T-Test and one-way ANOVA were applied for which level of statistical significance was kept at p<0.05. Results: Ninety-six students participated in a pilot-study (Cronbach α= 0.792). The response rate was 76.27%. Most participants (76.76%) were from Nepal. The male/female ratio was 0.76. Most (59.2%) had not participated in such studies before. For 93.54%, the source of information was the internet. Assessed by questionnaire, right Knowledge (n=16) was 85.06% ± 8.81%; right Attitude (n=6) was 65.00% ± 16.16 and right Practice (n=6) was 82.88%± 8.50%. Male were more knowledgeable about the disease (p=0.011). However, females secured higher in practical aspects (p=0.000). Indian students possessed better knowledge (p=0.005) and a better attitude (p=0.033). MBBS students had better knowledge (p=0.000), but Nursing students secured higher in Practice (p=0.012). Attitude is better in the earlier years (p=0.045). Conclusion: We assessed KAP related to COVID-19 via score among healthcare undergraduate students. Different co-factors do impact students’ overall KAP status.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension Among Adults living in the City of Bandundu, Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo. A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-144209/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ferdinand Mukoso ◽

Aliocha Nkodila ◽

François Lepira ◽

Pascal Bayauli ◽

Yves Lubenga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background and aim: In limited resource settings, reliable epidemiological data generated from hypertension high risk geographical areas or people is a prerequisite for the planning of proven and effective interventions. The aim of the present survey was to assess the prevalence, awareness, control and factors associated with hypertension in adults living in the port City of Bandundu, located in the southwestern part of DRC.Methods: a cross-sectional survey using a modified WHO STEPwise questionnaire for data collection during face-to face interviews was conducted from 1st May to 30th October 2018. A multistage cluster sampling method was used and inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years and informed consent. Information on demographic parameters, behavioral lifestyles, anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements was obtained. Hypertension was defined as an average of two BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or self-reported history of antihypertensive medication use. Independent factors associated with hypertension were identified using logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 defined the level of statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 34,5% (Women 36,6 %). Older age (p<0.001), subclinical atherosclerosis (p= 0.021), sleep duration <8 hours (p<0.002), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), and obesity (p= 0.009) emerged as main cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension.Conclusion: Hypertension was characterized by a high prevalence, low rate of awareness and suboptimal BP control, high cardiovascular risk and associated sleep duration and obesity as modifiable risk factors.

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Efeito da gamificação na intenção de uso de treinamentos on-line: uma adaptação do modelo UTAUT aplicado no TRT-2

Revista de Administração da UFSM ◽

10.5902/1983465921624 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 472

Author(s):

Ludmilla Cavarzere de Oliveira ◽

Luis Hernan Contreras Pinochet ◽

Ricardo Luiz Pereira Bueno ◽

Mauri Aparecido de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Learning By Doing ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Intention To Use ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regional Labor ◽

On Line ◽

Facilitating Conditions

The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of gamification on intention to use online training from the partial validation of the UTAUT model for qualification of members and servers of the Regional Labor Court of the 2nd Region (TRT-2). The study analyzed the relationship between constructs performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and familiarity with the intention to use gaming in distance media. This was conducted through an empirical application, which used the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for data analysis. The research was a single cross-sectional survey, carried out with TRT-2 members and servers who participated in the distance-feeding course ‘Healthy Living’ in 2015. Of the four hypotheses, only familiarity (F) was not significant as it did not serve as a behavioral intentions (BI) predictor of gamification for distance learning courses. Some explanations for such phenomenon may be career promotion and additional qualifications, learning by doing and sample size. The results confirmed that most hypotheses have a high statistical significance of the structural paths and have demonstrated that the model proposed in this study is consistent and can be applied in future studies with appropriate adjustments.

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Iodine and pregnancy – a UK cross-sectional survey of dietary intake, knowledge and awareness

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515001464 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 108-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

E. Combet ◽

M. Bouga ◽

B. Pan ◽

M. E. J. Lean ◽

C. O. Christopher

Keyword(s):

Iodine Intake ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Recommendations ◽

Level Of Confidence ◽

Healthy Growth ◽

The Uk ◽

The Right ◽

In Pregnancy

Iodine is a key component of the thyroid hormones, which are critical for healthy growth, development and metabolism. The UK population is now classified as mildly iodine-insufficient. Adequate levels of iodine during pregnancy are essential for fetal neurodevelopment, and mild iodine deficiency is linked to developmental impairments. In the absence of prophylaxis in the UK, awareness of nutritional recommendations during pregnancy would empower mothers to make the right dietary choices leading to adequate iodine intake. The present study aimed to: estimate mothers' dietary iodine intake in pregnancy (using a FFQ); assess awareness of the importance of iodine in pregnancy with an understanding of existing pregnancy dietary and lifestyle recommendations with relevance for iodine; examine the level of confidence in meeting adequate iodine intake. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and questionnaires were distributed between August 2011 and February 2012 on local (Glasgow) and national levels (online electronic questionnaire); 1026 women, UK-resident and pregnant or mother to a child aged up to 36 months participated in the study. While self-reported awareness about general nutritional recommendations during pregnancy was high (96 %), awareness of iodine-specific recommendations was very low (12 %), as well as the level of confidence of how to achieve adequate iodine intake (28 %). Median pregnancy iodine intake, without supplements, calculated from the FFQ, was 190 μg/d (interquartile range 144–256μg/d), which was lower than that of the WHO's recommended intake for pregnant women (250 μg/d). Current dietary recommendations in pregnancy, and their dissemination, are found not to equip women to meet the requirements for iodine intake.

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Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions: A Case of Malawi Microfinance Institutions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-373410/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Helex Kayembe ◽

Yunjian Lin ◽

George N. Chidimbah Munthali ◽

Wu Xuelian ◽

Lazarus Obed Livingstone Banda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Portfolio Management ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Least Square ◽

Microfinance Institutions ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Loan Portfolio ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting

Abstract Background: Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) have been used as a tool for poverty alleviation in many developing economies globally, including Malawi. However, their sustainability in many countries has been dependent solely on loan repayment, donor aid, and subsidies. Aim: This study aimed at investigating the factors that influence the sustainability of MFIs in Malawi. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November to December 2020 among the MFIs employees in the central region of Malawi. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect data online using a google form sent via social media platforms. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software with Statistical significance placed at .05. Results: 120 respondents completed the survey representing a 79.3% response rate, of which 63% were male. The majority of the respondents fell within the age group of 31-40 years, representing 58%, having attained universities and vocational colleges' education level, representing 32.8%. With an experience of above 16 years, representing 41.2% of which were branch managers, representing 49.6%. The results of the ordinary least square regression indicated that reporting and loan management system (RLMS) (β=0.200, P=0.021), corporate-governance (β=0.257, P=0.004), and commercialization (β=0.161, P=0.047) were positively significantly influencing the sustainability of MFI. On the other hand, loan design/type (β =-0.211, P=0.006), loan portfolio management (β =-0.179, P=0.050) were found to be negatively impacting the MFI. Lastly, variables of over-indebtedness (B= 0.077, P=0.426), loan disbursement (β =0.121, P=0.104) were found statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Our study argues that commercialization, standardized reporting, and effective loan portfolio management systems, stakeholder-based approach to corporate governance, and favored board independence through scale and cost management is critical to improving MFIs' financial sustainability.

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Principals’ Instructional Leadership towards Teachers' Self-Efficacy

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18349 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.30) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Nitce Isa Medina Machmudi Isa ◽

Azlin Norhaini Mansor ◽

Jamalul Lail Abdul Wahab ◽

Bity Salwana Alias

Keyword(s):

Instructional Leadership ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Leadership Practices ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Short Form ◽

School Level ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Right ◽

High Level

Principals’ instructional leadership practices have proved to be an imperative predictor to teachers’ self-efficacy. Yet, educators are concerned about the ability to adapt to new instructional leaderships due to unspoken principal-teacher expectations. This paper discusses the extent of instructional leadership practices by two newly transferred principals at two different schools. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine how their instructional leadership practices affected the self-efficacy of the teachers. Through the use of a cross-sectional survey, responses made by 64 teachers employed in one public school and one privately-run school, were compared. The Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) Teacher Short Form and the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) were used for data collection. The findings showed a high level of instructional leadership practices and self-efficacy in both schools. The test results indicated a strong and positive relationship between the principals’ perceived instructional leadership practices and the teachers’ self-efficacy. Some of the details even suggested that newly transferred principals enforce specific school goals as their main agenda. Nevertheless, the areas of significance identified by this study may help district school superintendents develop the right knowledge to support newly transferred principals in their instructional leadership, thus enhancing teachers’ self-efficacy at the school level.

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P.117 The opinion of Canadian spine surgeons on medical assistance in dying (MAID); a cross-sectional survey of Canadian spine society (CSS) members

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2019.210 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (s1) ◽

pp. S44

Author(s):

E Leck ◽

S Barry ◽

S Christie

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Supreme Court Of Canada ◽

Medical Assistance ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Assistance In Dying ◽

Cord Injury ◽

The Right ◽

Spine Tumour

Background: On February 6, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada struck down the Criminal Code absolute prohibition on assisted dying, and in June 2016 the new law, Bill C-14, came into effect allowing for medical assistance in dying. We sought to determine the attitudes and opinions of Canadian neurosurgeons and orthopedic spine surgeons regarding MAID. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was sent out to members of the Canadian Spine Society (CSS), which included 21 questions pertaining to opinions regarding MAID. Responses were collected between May-June 2016. Results: A total of 51 surgeons responded to the survey, comprised of a mix of spine surgeons from across the country. The majority of surgeons supported MAID (62.8%), and right of physicians to participate (82.4%). Most surgeons supported the right to conscientious objection (90.1%), but also mandatory duty to refer (49.0%). The conditions most frequently felt to be appropriate for MAID included metastatic spine tumour (76.5%), malignant intramedullary tumour (64.7%), primary malignant spine tumour (54.9%), cervical spinal cord injury with tetraplegia (49.0%) and multiple myeloma (33.3%). Conclusions: This study highlights the complex landscape that exists when discussing MAID, but also the overall support of physicians, and need for ongoing conversations, particularly with issues not addressed by the current legislation.

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