scholarly journals Milk production of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cows in the northeastern region of Paraná State

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Perotto ◽  
Inácio Afonso Kroetz ◽  
José Lázaro da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Zebu Cows

The objective of this work was to evaluate milk production of a Holstein × Zebu herd managed on a semiintensive system at Estação Experimental Joaquim Távora, IAPAR, in the northeastern region of Paraná - Brazil. Two hundred and seventeen records on milk production per lactation period (MY), milk production up to 305 days of lactation (MY305) and length of lactation period (LL) of 82 crossbred cows varying in breed composition were analyzed according to a linear statistical model that included the fixed effects of breed composition, season and year at onset of lactation, order of parturition and place of birth, in addition to the experimental error. Cows born in Joaquim Távora had longer lactation periods and produced more milk than cows born in Ibiporã. The effects of year and season at the beginning of the lactation period influenced all three traits. Both milk production per lactation period and milk production up to 305 days of lactation that began from April to June were superior to those that began from October to December, as well as to those starting from January to March. The order of parturition had a strong effect upon both milk production per lactation period and milk production up to 305 days of lactation. Maximum milk production was attained during the sixth lactation period, although no difference was detected for the contrasts between the sixth and other higher order lactation periods. All traits increased as the proportion of Holstein in the breed composition of the animal increased from 0.5 to 0.875 and decreased thereafter. These results support the argument against complete grading up to Holstein in semi-intensive production systems in sub-tropical regions.

scholarly journals Simulating the effect of climate on star grass growth and quality and its capacity to support milk production in the tropical regions of Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1486-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Yong Angel ◽  
Vicente Celestino Pires Silveira ◽  
Francisca Avilés Nova ◽  
Octavio Alonso Castelán Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Grass Growth

The objective of the present study was to simulate the effect of the seasonal variation of climate on the nutritional value and dry matter yield of star grass and its capacity to support milk production alone or with concentrate supplementation in small-scale milk production systems in the tropical regions of Mexico. Two mathematical simulation models were used, the first model simulates the growth and yield of star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus), and the second model simulates the productive performance of dairy cows. Both models were integrated in a decision-making support system (DSSTROP). Model's predictions were validated by a calibration exercise for each data set from three experiments on the effect of concentrate supplementation on milk yield. The DSSTROP predictions and the results from the experiments were compared by regression analysis. The results suggest that the DSSTROP adequately predicts milk production (R2=0.74). The DSSTROP predictions suggest that milk production based solely on star grass may occur only between June to August. The highest milk yield (8.5kg cow-1 day-1) sustained solely on grass was achieved in June, followed by lower yields of <5kg cow-1 day-1 in July and August. Milk production without concentrates can be explained by the positive effects of the rain observed during June to August on grass growth, and to the fact that grass quality is best at the beginning of the rainy season. It is concluded that June to August is the best time of the year for milk production base solely on grass. It also was concluded that the use of large quantities of concentrates by farmers may be justified because milk production with star grass alone may not be possible especially during the dry season.

scholarly journals The relationship between the level of inbreeding and milk production of cows in the first lactation period

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Jiří Bezdíček ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
Radek Filipčík
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the present study was to explore the effect of the level of inbreeding on milk efficiency of cows and on the content of milk components (fat and protein) in the 1st standard lactation period (305 days). The level of inbreeding (Fx) of inbred cows ranged between 1.25 and 12.5%. Efficiency parame- ters of inbred cows were compared with their contemporaries – half-sisters after the father (n=2567), raised on the same farm whose first lactation ended in same year. Out of the total database (567,036 cows) created in 1980–2002 we incorporated 885 inbred cows. To allow detailed analyses the inbred cows were divided into 3 groups according to the coefficient Fx (1.5–2.3%, 3.0–5.0% and 8.0–12.5%). The database was evaluated using the analysis of variance with 8 fixed effects including the commercial type, own breeding value and breeding value of mother, average efficiency of mother, reproduction parameters (year and age at calving and interval between the 1st and 2nd lactation) and total number of lactations. The statistical programme SAS 8.2 – GLM procedure (Copyright c 1999–2001 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used for statistical analyses. Compared to their contemporaries the 323 kg reduction of milk production of inbred cows with the lowest value of Fx (1.5–2.3%) was insignificant; the decrease in the relative content of fat and protein was insignificant by 0.01 and 0.02%, respectively. Comparisons between contemporaries and inbred cows with Fx at the level of 3.0–5.0% showed a highly significant 407 kg reduction in milk efficiency. The fat content in milk of inbred cows increased by 0.11% (p<0.01) and the protein content by 0.03% (p<0.05) compared to their contemporaries. The reduction in milk production of inbred cows with the highest level of Fx (8.0–12.5%) was significant, i.e. –572 kg; the fat content increased insignificantly by 0.02%, while the protein content was the same in inbred cows and contemporaries. Comparisons of the milk production of inbred cows at various levels of Fx, taking into consideration the fixed effects, showed that the differences were most marked between groups Fx=1.5–2.3% and Fx=8.0–12.5%; the reduction in milk efficiency was –731 kg. A Fx coefficient higher by 1% reduced the milk efficiency of cows by 90.07 kg, while the fat and protein content increased by 0.001% and 0.002%, respectively.

scholarly journals Fetal sex influence in the productive performance of dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
Anielly De Paula Freitas ◽  
Manuela Pires Monteiro da Gama ◽  
Guilherme Felipe Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Gabriela Geraldi Mendonça ◽  
Mariana Alencar Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Production Characteristics

Investigating factors that could affect milk production of cows is an important way to improve the efficiency of production systems. This purpose of this study was to verify and quantify the influence of calf sex on milk production and lactation length in herds of Holstein, Gir, and Guzera cows. Data from 10,780 lactations of 4,807 Holstein cows that calved between 2001 and 2013; 18,898 lactations of 13,172 Gir cows that calved between 1985 and 2013; and 5,277 lactations of 3,972 Guzera cows that calved between 1987 and 2013 were used. Both the accumulated 305-day milk yield (P305) and the length of the lactation period up to 305 days (DL305) were evaluated. Analysis of variance was performed by the least squares method using the GLM procedure in the SAS statistical program. The P305 was not influenced by the sex of the calf in the Holstein breed. However in the zebu breeds (Gir and Guzera), both P305 and DL305 were significantly affected (P &lt; 0.01) by the sex of the calf, with higher production and average length of lactation in cows that calved males. In addition, a significant difference was also nested within sex of calf and age at first calving (P &lt; 0.05) in the Gir breed. The results indicate that for the zebu breeds, calf sex influences production characteristics.

scholarly journals Beef cattle behavior in integrated crop-livestock systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Maria Martin ◽  
Renata Franciéli Moraes ◽  
Maria Christine Rizzon Cintra ◽  
Claudete Reisdorfer Lang ◽  
Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Production System ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
L System ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Reactivity Score

ABSTRACT: Temperament often depends on the animals’ reaction to people, social and environmental conditions. However, little is known about the influence of changes in the pasture environment on cattle temperament. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate if an animals’ temperament changes in response to being kept in a silvopastoral system. This study evaluated the effect of the tree components in a pasture environment on the temperament of any grazing cattle in integrated crop-livestock systems. A total of thirty-two Angus steers were allocated to either a livestock (L) or livestock-forest (LF) system and observed from December 2019 to February 2020. Each animal was evaluated for their reactivity score, flight speed, and number of vocalizations. The statistical model established that the animals were random effects and that the treatments and periods were fixed effects using the MIXED procedure, and the means were compared using LSMeans. The flight speed and number of vocalizations were similar in both production systems, while the reactivity score was lower for animals kept in the LF system when compared to those in the L system. This suggested that the LF system interferes positively with the animal’s temperament in relation to the L production system. However, additional research is needed to understand the influence of the production system on animal temperament.

scholarly journals Productive characteristics in dairy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the Eastern Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-954
Author(s):  
L.C. Marques ◽  
A.S. Matos ◽  
J.S. Costa ◽  
C.S. Silva ◽  
R.N.C. Camargo Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dairy Buffalo

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine factors affecting phenotypic characteristics related to milk production and reproductive efficiency of dairy buffalo. Phenotypic records of 2,459 Murrah, Mediterranean and crossbred buffaloes from the Embrapa Eastern Amazônia herd, from 1969 to 2013 were used. Traits included: total milk production during lactation (TMP), milk production corrected for 305 days (P305); cow weight at calving (CW), fat milk percentage (F), age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), calf birth weight (BW), as well as lactation (LP) and service periods (SP). Most traits were affected by genetic group as well as year and season or interaction between them. Genetic group affected F, CI, SP and CW. Very young and older cows showed poorer production traits. There was interaction between season and year for F, CI and CW. Correlations traits were generally medium to low. The principal component analysis showed that higher fat milk percentage was associated with higher percentage of Murrah breed, longer lactation period and older cows. Phenotypic characteristics in buffaloes reared in the Brazilian Amazon were significantly affected by genetic and management factors. This information can be used to help build sustainable production systems for the region and guide farmer decisions.

Effect of Breed and Some Non - Genetic Factors on Milk Production and Some Proportions of Its Chemical Components in Two Breeds of Local Sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Rahman Hussein AL-Qasimi ◽  
Shatha Mohammed Abbas ◽  
Allawi L.D. AL-Khauzai
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Milk Components

The study was carried out on 19 ewes of local Awassi sheep and 12ewes local Arabi sheep in the Al-kafeel sheep station Karbala, to determine the effect of breed and some non-genetic factors such as (sex of the lamb, type of birth, age and weight of ewes at birth) on daily and total milk production and lactation period and some of milk components (fat, protein and lactose). The results showed that a significant effect (P <0.05) of the breed on milk production traits where Awassi sheep recorded the highest mean (0.91 kg , 101.63 kg , 104.86 day) compared to the Arabi sheep she was means (0.77 kg , 88.15 kg , 99.15 day) respectively. As well as in proportions of milk components with mean( 5.1 , 4.90 , 5.51) % respectively compared to the Arabi sheep (4.70 . 4.20 . 4.89) ewes with male lambs also exceeded superior ewes with female lambs in daily and total milk production and the lactation period the sex of the lamb did not affect the proportions of milk components the weight of the ewes had a significant effect (P <0.05) in milk production attributes with superior weight of ewes on lower ewes and did not affect the proportions of milk ingredients except for lactose. The type of birth and the age of the ewes did not have a significant effect in all the studied traits except for the superiority (P<0.05) of young ewes on age ewes in the fat percentage of milk.

A comparison of two contrasting milk production systems for high genetic merit autumn calving dairy cows in a grassland based production environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
C.P. Ferris ◽  
F.J. Gordon ◽  
D.C. Patterson ◽  
C.S. Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Feed Value

In a previous short term study, Ferris et al. (1997) demonstrated that similar levels of nutrient intake and animal performance could be obtained by either increasing silage feed value and reducing concentrate feed level, or by reducing silage feed value and increasing concentrate feed level. The principles established in this study were incorporated into this trial to examine two systems of milk production over a full lactation, including both the winter and grazing periods.Forty high genetic merit dairy cows (PTA95 fat + protein = 38.2 kg), in their second or subsequent lactation, were used in a continuous design full lactation study. Animals had a mean calving date of 1 November and were allocated to one of two systems of milk production, HF or HC, within 36 hours of calving. During the winter, animals on system HF were offered a silage with high feed value characteristics, supplemented with 5.5 kg of concentrate (crude protein concentration of 280 g/kg DM) through an out-of-parlour feeding system.

Development of profitable milk production systems for northern Australia: a field assessment of the productivity of five potential farming systems using farmlets

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Chataway ◽  
R. G. Walker ◽  
M. N. Callow
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Forage Base

Farmlets, each of 20 cows, were established to field test five milk production systems and provide a learning platform for farmers and researchers in a subtropical environment. The systems were developed through desktop modelling and industry consultation in response to the need for substantial increases in farm milk production following deregulation of the industry. Four of the systems were based on grazing and the continued use of existing farmland resource bases, whereas the fifth comprised a feedlot and associated forage base developed as a greenfield site. The field evaluation was conducted over 4 years under more adverse environmental conditions than anticipated with below average rainfall and restrictions on irrigation. For the grazed systems, mean annual milk yield per cow ranged from 6330 kg/year (1.9 cows/ha) for a herd based on rain-grown tropical pastures to 7617 kg/year (3.0 cows/ha) where animals were based on temperate and tropical irrigated forages. For the feedlot herd, production of 9460 kg/cow.year (4.3 cows/ha of forage base) was achieved. For all herds, the level of production achieved required annual inputs of concentrates of ~3 t DM/animal and purchased conserved fodder from 0.3 to 1.5 t DM/animal. This level of supplementary feeding made a major contribution to total farm nutrient inputs, contributing 50% or more of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium entering the farming system, and presents challenges to the management of manure and urine that results from the higher stocking rates enabled. Mean annual milk production for the five systems ranged from 88 to 105% of that predicted by the desktop modelling. This level of agreement for the grazed systems was achieved with minimal overall change in predicted feed inputs; however, the feedlot system required a substantial increase in inputs over those predicted. Reproductive performance for all systems was poorer than anticipated, particularly over the summer mating period. We conclude that the desktop model, developed as a rapid response to assist farmers modify their current farming systems, provided a reasonable prediction of inputs required and milk production. Further model development would need to consider more closely climate variability, the limitations summer temperatures place on reproductive success and the feed requirements of feedlot herds.

scholarly journals A partial life cycle assessment approach to evaluate the energy intensity and related greenhouse gas emission in dairy farms

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lelia Murgia ◽  
Giuseppe Todde ◽  
Maria Caria ◽  
Antonio Pazzona
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Feeding Management

Dairy farming is constantly evolving towards more intensive levels of mechanization and automation which demand more energy consumption and result in higher economic and environmental costs. The usage of fossil energy in agricultural processes contributes to climate change both with on-farm emissions from the combustion of fuels, and by off-farm emissions due to the use of grid power. As a consequence, a more efficient use of fossil resources together with an increased use of renewable energies can play a key role for the development of more sustainable production systems. The aims of this study were to evaluate the energy requirements (fuels and electricity) in dairy farms, define the distribution of the energy demands among the different farm operations, identify the critical point of the process and estimate the amount of CO2 associated with the energy consumption. The inventory of the energy uses has been outlined by a partial Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, setting the system boundaries at the farm level, from cradle to farm gate. All the flows of materials and energy associated to milk production process, including crops cultivation for fodder production, were investigated in 20 dairy commercial farms over a period of one year. Self-produced energy from renewable sources was also accounted as it influence the overall balance of emissions. Data analysis was focused on the calculation of energy and environmental sustainability indicators (EUI, CO2-eq) referred to the functional units. The production of 1 kg of Fat and Protein Corrected Milk (FPCM) required on average 0.044 kWhel and 0.251 kWhth, corresponding to a total emission of 0.085 kg CO2-eq). The farm activities that contribute most to the electricity requirements were milk cooling, milking and slurry management, while feeding management and crop cultivation were the greatest diesel fuel consuming operation and the largest in terms of environmental impact of milk production (73% of energy CO2-eq emissions). The results of the study can assist in the development of dairy farming models based on a more efficient and profitable use of the energy resources.

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