scholarly journals Primate community of the tropical rain forests of Saracá-Taqüera National Forest, Pará, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC. Oliveira ◽  
D. Loretto ◽  
LR. Viana ◽  
JS. Silva-Jr. ◽  
W. G. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Primate Species ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Cebus Olivaceus ◽  
Museum Data ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chiropotes Sagulatus ◽  
Primate Community

Brazil is the richest country in the world in terms of primate species and the Amazonian rain forest is one of the richest biomes containing 15 (ca. 90%) of the Neotropical primate genera. Although considered key elements in conservation strategies, there is only anecdotal information on primates for several protected areas within the region. Here we present new data on the community composition of the primates in the Saracá-Taqüera National Forest (429,600 ha), an actively mined, bauxite rich area, in Pará, Brazil. We used information from the literature, technical reports, museum data, and interviews conducted with agents from the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Natural Renewable Resources (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis - IBAMA) and members of the local "Quilombo" community. In addition, from July 2003 to June 2007, we carried out 19 field trips ranging from 10 to15 days each, amounting to a total effort of 1,230 hours and 1,420 km of censuses, resulting in 1,034 records of eight primate species (Saguinus martinsi, Saguinus midas, Saimiri sciureus, Cebus apella, Pithecia pithecia, Chiropotes sagulatus, Ateles paniscus, and Alouatta macconelli). Two other species (Cebus olivaceus and Aotus trivirgatus) were recorded only indirectly, through interviews and literature data. In all, Alouatta macconelli was the most frequently recorded species (43% of all records); while Saguinus midas and P. pithecia were the least (ca. 0.4 and 0.6% of all records). Based on our results, we discuss group sizes as well as taxonomic problems concerning the genera Pithecia and Chiropotes, for which we registered individuals displaying phenotypic geographical variation and two different forms, respectively. Despite the deforestation inherent in bauxite mining, the Saracá-Taqüera National Forest still has a remarkable richness of primate species. Our study results place this National Forest amongst the richest reserves, in terms of primate species, in the Amazon region.

scholarly journals Primatology in southern Brazil: a transdisciplinary approach to the conservation of the brown-howler-monkey Alouatta guariba clamitans (Primates, Atelidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Jerusalinsky ◽  
Fernanda Zimmermann Teixeira ◽  
Luisa Xavier Lokschin ◽  
André Alonso ◽  
Márcia Maria de Assis Jardim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Conservation Education ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Alouatta Guariba Clamitans ◽  
The Impact

Human interventions in natural environments are the main cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. The situation is not different in southern Brazil, home of five primate species. Although some earlier studies exist, studies on the primates of this region began to be consistently carried out in the 1980s and have continued since then. In addition to important initiatives to study and protect the highly endangered Leontopithecus caissara Lorrini & Persson, 1990 and Brachyteles arachnoides E. Geoffroy, 1806, other species, including locally threatened ones, have been the focus of research, management, and protection initiatives. Since 1993, the urban monkeys program (PMU, Programa Macacos Urbanos) has surveyed the distribution and assessed threats to populations of Alouatta guariba clamitans (Cabrera, 1940) in Porto Alegre and vicinity. PMU has developed conservation strategies on four fronts: (1) scientific research on biology and ecology, providing basic knowledge to support all other activities of the group; (2) conservation education, which emphasizes educational presentations and long-term projects in schools near howler populations, based on the flagship species approach; (3) management, analyzing conflicts involving howlers and human communities, focusing on mitigating these problems and on appropriate relocation of injured or at-risk individuals; and finally, (4) Public Policies aimed at reducing and/or preventing the impact of urban expansion, contributing to create protected areas and to strengthen environmental laws. These different approaches have contributed to protect howler monkey populations over the short term, indicating that working collectively and acting on diversified and interrelated fronts are essential to achieve conservation goals. The synergistic results of these approaches and their relationship to the prospects for primatology in southern Brazil are presented in this review.

scholarly journals Determinación de los orígenes geográficos de los mamíferos silvestres decomisados por la Secretaría Distrital del Ambiente (SDA) en Bogotá (Colombia) mediante análisis moleculares durante 2017-2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-136
Author(s):  
Manuel Ruiz-García ◽  
Norberto Leguizamón ◽  
Aurita Bello ◽  
Myreya Pinedo-Castro ◽  
Juan Manuel Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Cebus Albifrons ◽  
Colombian Amazon ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Resumen En un país megadiverso, como Colombia, el nivel de tráfico ilegal de fauna es elevado. Una vez que esa fauna es decomisada es importante volverla a reintroducir en los lugares geográficos de donde proviene (en el supuesto caso que esa fauna esté en las condiciones óptimas para ser liberada). Durante 2017-2018, la Secretaría Distrital del Ambiente (SDA) decomisó 172 especímenes de mamíferos silvestres en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). Estos mamíferos pertenecieron a cinco órdenes (Primates, Rodentia, Carnivora, Didelphimorpha, y Xenarthra) y representaron 28 especies diferentes. El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es mostrar la utilización de un conjunto de genes mitocondriales y nucleares (dependiendo de las especies) para determinar los orígenes geográficos de cada uno de esos especímenes. Aquí se muestran esos orígenes, lo que permite visualizar de qué áreas del país se produce mayoritariamente tráfico ilegal de mamíferos silvestres que llega a Bogotá, aunque en algunos casos no se pudo determinar el origen exacto de algunos especímenes. Cuatro especies de mamíferos, tres primates y una ardilla, (Cebus albifrons, Saimiri sciureus, Sciurus granatensis, y Cebus apella) representaron el 70 % de los ejemplares de mamíferos decomisados en Bogotá durante 2017-2018. La primera especie de primate y la ardilla procedieron mayoritariamente del norte del país (Costa Atlántica, Antioquia, y Santanderes), mientras que las otras dos especies de primates procedieron primordialmente de los Llanos Orientales y zona amazónica cercana a los Llanos. Adicionalmente, un segundo objetivo, más colateral, es la discusión de algunas cuestiones sistemáticas de los taxones decomisados. Abstra ct In a megadiverse country, such as Colombia is, the level of illegal fauna traffic is high. Once this fauna is confiscated, it is relevant to reintroduce it to the precise wild geographic area where was extracted (in the case that this fauna is in optimal condition to be released). During 2017-2018, the Secretaría Distrital del Ambiente (SDA) seized 172 specimens of wild mammals in the city of Bogotá (Colombia). These mammals belonged to five orders (Primates, Rodentia, Carnivora, Didelphimorpha, and Xenarthra) and represented 28 different species. The first and main objective is to show how a set of mitochondrial and nuclear genes (depending on each species) could help to determine the geographical origins of each one of these specimens. We herein show these origins, which allows us to know from what country’s area the illegal fauna is coming to Bogotá, although in some cases we did not identify the precise origin of some specimens. Four mammalian species, three primates and one squirrel, (Cebus albifrons, Saimiri sciureus, Sciurus granatensis, and Cebus apella) represented 70 % of the mammalian specimens seized in Bogotá during 2017-2018. The first primate and the squirrel species were mainly originated from the northern area of the country (Atlantic coast, Antioquia, and Santanderes), meanwhile the other two primate species were primarily from the Eastern Llanos and surrounding areas from the northern Colombian Amazon. Additionally, a second, more collateral, objective is the discussion of some systematical questions of these taxa seized.

scholarly journals Primate occurrence across a human-impacted landscape in Guinea-Bissau and neighbouring regions in West Africa: using a systematic literature review to highlight the next conservation steps

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bersacola ◽  
Joana Bessa ◽  
Amélia Frazão-Moreira ◽  
Dora Biro ◽  
Cláudia Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
West African ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Red Colobus ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Guinea Bissau

Background West African landscapes are largely characterised by complex agroforest mosaics. Although the West African forests are considered a nonhuman primate hotspot, knowledge on the distribution of many species is often lacking and out-of-date. Considering the fast-changing nature of the landscapes in this region, up-to-date information on primate occurrence is urgently needed, particularly of taxa such as colobines, which may be more sensitive to habitat modification than others. Understanding wildlife occurrence and mechanisms of persistence in these human-dominated landscapes is fundamental for developing effective conservation strategies. Methods In this paper, we aim to review current knowledge on the distribution of three threatened primates in Guinea-Bissau and neighbouring regions, highlighting research gaps and identifying priority research and conservation action. We conducted a systematic literature review of primate studies from 1976 to 2016 in Guinea-Bissau, southern Senegal and western Guinea (Boké Region). We mapped historical observation records of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus), Temminck’s red colobus (Pilicolobus badius temminckii) and king colobus (Colobus polykomos), including our preliminary survey data from Dulombi, a newly established National Park (NP) in Guinea-Bissau. Results We found 151 documents, including 87 journal articles, that contained field data on primates in this region. In Guinea-Bissau, nearly all studies focussed south of the Corubal River, including mainly Cantanhez, Cufada, and Boé NP’s. In Senegal, most of the data came from Fongoli and Niokolo-Koba NP. In Boké (Guinea) studies are few, with the most recent data coming from Sangarédi. In Dulombi NP we recorded eight primate species, including chimpanzees, red colobus and king colobus. Across the selected region, chimpanzees, red colobus and king colobus were reported in eleven, twelve and seven protected areas, respectively. Discussion Our study demonstrates large geographical research gaps particularly for the two colobines. For the first time after more than two decades, we confirm the presence of red colobus and king colobus north of the Corubal River in Guinea-Bissau. The little information available from large parts of the red colobus range raises questions regarding levels of population fragmentation in this species, particularly in Casamance and across northern Guinea-Bissau. There are still no records demonstrating the occurrence of king colobus in Senegal, and the presence of a viable population in north-eastern Guinea-Bissau remains uncertain. While the occurrence of chimpanzees in Guinea-Bissau and Senegal is well documented, data from Boké (Guinea) are sparse and out-of-date. Our approach—the mapping of data gathered from a systematic literature review—allows us to provide recommendations for selecting future geographical survey locations and planning further research and conservation strategies in this region.

scholarly journals Olfactory sensitivity for aliphatic alcohols in squirrel monkeys and pigtail macaques

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (11) ◽  
pp. 1633-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Laska ◽  
Alexandra Seibt
Keyword(s):  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Aliphatic Alcohols ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Olfactory Sensitivity ◽  
Olfactory Detection ◽  
Pigtail Macaques

SUMMARY The view that primates are microsmatic animals is based mainly on an interpretation of neuroanatomical features, whereas physiological evidence of a poorly developed sense of smell in this order of mammals is largely lacking. Using a conditioning paradigm, we therefore assessed the olfactory sensitivity of three squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and of four pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) for a homologous series of aliphatic alcohols (ethanol to 1-octanol) and isomeric forms of some of these substances. In the majority of cases, the animals of both species significantly discriminated concentrations below 1 part per million from the odourless solvent, and with 1-hexanol individual monkeys even demonstrated thresholds below 10 parts per billion. The results showed (i) that both primate species have a well-developed olfactory sensitivity for aliphatic alcohols, which for the majority of substances matches or even is better than that of species such as the rat, (ii) that both species generally show very similar olfactory detection thresholds for aliphatic alcohols, and (iii) that a significant negative correlation between perceptibility in terms of olfactory detection threshold and carbon chain length of both the aliphatic 1-and 2-alcohols exists in both species. These findings support the idea that across-species comparisons of neuroanatomical features are a poor predictor of olfactory performance and that general labels such as `microsmat' or`macrosmat', which are usually based on allometric comparisons of olfactory brain structures, are inadequate to describe the olfactory capabilities of a species. Further, our findings suggest that olfaction may play an important and hitherto underestimated role in the regulation of behaviour in the species tested.

scholarly journals Downregulation of p56lck Tyrosine Kinase Activity in T Cells of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) Correlates with the Nontransforming and Apathogenic Properties of Herpesvirus Saimiri in Its Natural Host

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (19) ◽  
pp. 9252-9261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Greve ◽  
Gültekin Tamgüney ◽  
Bernhard Fleischer ◽  
Helmut Fickenscher ◽  
Barbara M. Bröker
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Herpesvirus Saimiri ◽  
Endogenous Virus

ABSTRACT Herpesvirus saimiri is capable of transforming T lymphocytes of various primate species to stable growth in culture. The interaction of the T-cellular tyrosine kinase p56 lck with the transformation-associated viral protein Tip has been shown before to activate the kinase and provides one model for the T-cell-specific transformation by herpesvirus saimiri subgroup C strains. In contrast to other primate species, squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) are naturally infected with the virus without signs of lymphoma or other disease. Although the endogenous virus was regularly recovered from peripheral blood cells from squirrel monkeys, we observed that the T cells lost the virus genomes in culture. Superinfection with virus strain C488 did not induce growth transformation, in contrast to parallel experiments with T cells of other primate species. Surprisingly, p56 lck was enzymatically inactive in primary T-cell lines derived from different squirrel monkeys, although the T cells reacted appropriately to stimulatory signals. The cDNA sequence revealed minor point mutations only, and transfections in COS-7 cells demonstrated that the S. sciureus lck gene codes for a functional enzyme. In S. sciureus, the tyrosine kinase p56 lck was not activated after T-cell stimulation and enzymatic activity could not be induced by Tip of herpesvirus saimiri C488. However, the suppression of p56 lck was partially released after administration of the phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate. This argues for unique species-specific conditions in T cells of S. sciureus which may interfere with the transforming activity and pathogenicity of herpesvirus saimiri subgroup C strains in their natural host.

scholarly journals Ornamental potential of species from the ferruginous Campo rupestre of the Carajás National Forest, Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. e3260
Author(s):  
Renata Paschoal da Silva Sousa ◽  
Wendelo Silva Costa ◽  
Paula e Silva Matos ◽  
Andréa Siqueira Carvalho ◽  
Frederico Drumond Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Iron Deposits

The flora of the ferruginous Campo rupestre that occur over the immense iron deposits of the Carajás National Forest is very unique, with several endemic and rare species. This vegetation is directly affected by mining activity, as a result of vegetation suppression and the profound disfigurement of habitats. The objective of this work was to identify the ornamental potential of the flora of the ferruginous Campo rupestre, as a strategy for ex situ conservation of ecosystem species. The species present in ten plots of 5 x 5 m were surveyed in different areas of the ferruginous Campo rupestre on the N1 plateau and the ornamental potential of each species was evaluated following a characterization key, considering morphology and habitat of occurrence. Subsequently, the species were compared with those already present on the market, as ornamental, based on the literature and on sites specialized in the sale of ornamental plants in Brazil. A total of 33 species with ornamental potential were found, distributed in 32 genera and 19 families. Most species showed high functionality for ornamentation and similarity with nationally consolidated ornamentals. Catasetum planiceps, Cyrtopodium andersonii, Epidendrum nocturnum, Mandevilla scabra, Norantea guianensis and Sobralia liliastrum have a consolidated ornamental market. The data collected support ex situ conservation strategies of the flora of the ferruginous Campo rupestre, such as its valorization, local commercialization and income generation for small extractivists in the region.

scholarly journals The role of water conservation strategies and benchmark ecotopes for increasing yields in South Africa’s semi-arid croplands

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Hensley ◽  
Pieter AL Le Roux ◽  
J Jacobus Botha ◽  
Leon D Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Semi Arid

Recently published results regarding South Africa’s cropping potential show that about one third of the arable land is of low potential, located mainly in semi-arid areas, with the main problem being water shortage.  This is therefore an appropriate time to review priorities and procedures, for selecting benchmark ecotopes to represent marginal areas, and for research needs with regard to water conservation strategies to mitigate the problems of low yields.  Relevant international principles encapsulated in the words agro-ecology, sustainability and socio-economic conditions, are discussed. Relevant new technologies are described, namely: digital soil mapping that will facilitate the identification of benchmark ecotopes; a stochastic procedure to predict rainfall intensity data from daily rainfall that will facilitate runoff predictions; a crop yield cumulative probability procedure that enables sustainability to be described quantitatively. As a case study, results from a successful field experiment using the infield rainwater harvesting production technique on benchmark ecotopes in a semi-arid area, inhabited by subsistence farmers, are presented.  The objectives of the study, procedures used and the method of expressing the results are recommended as guidelines for contributing towards mitigating the problem of low crop productivity across a large portion of the arable area in South Africa.

scholarly journals Unexpected diversity of slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within the Javan pet trade: implications for slow loris taxonomy

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A.I. Nekaris ◽  
S. Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Slow Loris ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Nycticebus Coucang

Since the 1950s, Sundaland (Borneo, Java, Sumatra and their surrounding islands) was thought to be inhabited by a single slow loris species, the greater slow loris Nycticebus coucang. Early taxonomies as well as recent morphological and genetic studies, however, point to at least three species native to this region: N. coucang, N. menagensis, and N. javanicus. In the light of this taxonomy, all Sundaland slow lorises, previously considered Least Threatened, have been listed as Vulnerable or Endangered. Of particular concern is the fact that slow lorises are the most common protected primate species in the rampant Southeast Asian pet trade, resulting in their recent transferral to CITES Appendix I precluding all international commercial trade. Due to lack of knowledge regarding morphological differences between the three species, they are still managed as one, with potential serious affects to wild populations, as hard-release of individuals of unknown geographic origin is common. This paper examines morphological variability of 34 live slow lorises, all of which were rescued from the wildlife trade in Java, Indonesia. Morphometric data and diagnostic images were collected, various species descriptions were considered and statistical analyses were conducted and compared with other taxonomists’ classifications. A discriminant function analysis provided support for four distinct groupings: Nycticebus coucang and N. javanicus, as well as evidence for two new taxa that correspond closely to N. hilleri and N. ornatus. The morphological traits that varied significantly and the external characteristic trends described in this study that contributed to these groupings might provide a baseline to classify Nycticebus taxa. This information is pertinent for appropriate captive management and specific designation of rescued individuals and for designing proper in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies.

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