Elephant grass silages with or without wilting, with cassava meal in silage production

SUMMARY The experiment was developed to evaluate the effects of wilting and inclusion of cassava meal level on nutritive value, fermentative characteristics and losses of elephant grass silage. The 4 x 2 factorial scheme was adopted, with four repetitions, in a completely randomized design. The factors evaluated were wilting (without and with) and cassava meal level (0; 7.5; 15 and 22.5% of natural matter, DN). PVC silos with 50 cm height and 10 cm diameter were used for silages production, which were opened after 60 days. The wilting and cassava meal addition had increasing linear effect on DM content. Silages with cassava meal showed reduction of total nitrogen, ether extract, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber ash and protein free, acid detergent fiber, celluloses, hemicelluloses and lignin contents and increase of organic matter content, DM in vitro digestibility and total digestible nutrients. Relative to variables inherent to silages’ fermentative characteristics, pH presented quadratic behavior. Concerning to ammonia nitrogen, it was observed quadratic and decreasing linear behavior for silages without and with wilting, respectively. Wilting and cassava meal inclusion provided smaller effluent losses.

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Yield and nutritional value of BRS Capiaçu grass at different regrowth ages

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p2045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 2045 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Flávio Pinto Monção ◽

Marco Aurélio Moraes Soares Costa ◽

João Paulo Sampaio Rigueria ◽

Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽

Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Northern Region ◽

Matter Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

The objective was to evaluate the productivity, chemical composition, ruminal degradability of dry matter and digestibility of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) managed at five regrowth ages. A completely randomized design with ten replications was used in the BRS capiaçu elephant grass subjected to five cutting intervals (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) in the summer, making a total of 50 plots with a useful area of 4 x 2 m. There were daily increases in the dry matter production in the order of 382 kg ha-1, with 49,859 kg ha-1 being produced at 150 regrowth days. The dry matter content and organic matter linearly increased (P < 0.01) at different regrowth ages. The crude protein content, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber linearly reduced (P < 0.01) 0.037%, 0.196% and 0.256% per day, respectively. Potential degradability of dry matter decreased from 68.9% at 30 days to 44.7% at 150 regrowth days (0.194 percentage units per day). The rate of degradation of fraction B 'c' was not modified (P = 0.94), averaging 1.46% hour-1. In the cultivation of BRS capiaçu elephant grass in the summer season, in the northern region of Minas Gerais, the age for harvesting between 90 and 120 days of regrowth is recommended.

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Farklı Oranlardaki Zeytin Posası-Mısır Hasılı Karışımlarının Silaj Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v4i12.1201-1206.1016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 1201

Author(s):

Asuman Arslan Duru ◽

Şerafettin Kaya

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Matter Content ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Olive Pomace

In this study, corn silage with different ratios of by adding olive pomace olive industry by-product under laboratory conditions was aimed to determine the effects on nutrient contents, fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility. Olive pomace used in the research, was added in 0% (control), 20 and 40 levels in corn silage and ensiling period continued during 56 days. At the end of the ensiling period, differences seen in terms of dry matter content, organic matter, crude fat, acit detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, in each level consisting of corn silage is added to olive pomace were found significant but the crude protein content of the olive pomace-added silages decreased. The highest crude fiber value was determined in the silages added with 40% olive pomace. Crude ash, lactic acid, acetic acid, pH and CO2 differences seen in terms of rates were not found significant. Propoionic acid wasn’t found in the groups to which olive pomace was added, while butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen weren’t observed in all silage groups in the study. At the same time, in vitro organic matter, dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of silages increased in each level consisting of corn silage is added to olive pomace. As a result, it was considered result that olive pomace the oil industry by product can be a silo feed quality. In particular, the corns by adding 40% of the olive pomace made silage were obtained satisfactory results in terms of both physical and chemical properties.

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Nutritional value of tifton 85 bermudagrass at two cutting heights and different times of storage

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p2129 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 2129

Author(s):

Samantha Mariana Monteiro Sunahara ◽

Marcela Abbado Neres ◽

Jaqueline Rocha Wobeto Sarto ◽

Caroline Daiane Nath ◽

Kácia Carine Scheidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Ground Level ◽

Matter Content ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Cutting Height

The goal of this study was to assess the dehydration curve and nutritional value of Tifton 85 bermudagrass at two cutting heights from ground level (4 and 8 cm) during 120 days of storage in a closed shed. The dehydration curve was determined using samples from the entire plant at eight different times. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with plots subdivided per times and five replicates. The second step consisted of assessing the nutritional value of the stored Tifton 85 bermudagrass in randomized blocks with plots subdivided per times and two treatments per plot: cutting height of four and eight centimeters from the ground, and five different times for the subplots, with five replicates. Dehydration of Tifton 85 bermudagrass at the two heights occurred in 48 hours, considered an ideal time for hay drying. The dry matter content responded quadratically to the time of storage of the two heights, only differing during baling and after 120 days of storage. Crude protein content had a quadratic behavior in the two cutting heights, with the smallest value after 30 days of storage (107.0 g kg-1) and the largest after 90 days (147.8 g kg-1) in the cutting height of eight centimeters. The ether extract exhibited a quadratic behavior in the two cutting heights, only differing after 90 days of storage. The neutral detergent fiber content had linear positive response according to the time of storage, with no difference between the cutting heights. For the neutral detergent fiber content in the two cutting heights, the quadratic regression model was the best fit to the data, differing between the heights after 30 and 60 days of storage. In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro cell wall digestibility values of the stored hay were lower than the values obtained at the time of cutting. Cutting performed at four centimeters from the ground was the most suitable for hay production due to higher dry matter production and nutritional value without difference between bailing treatments. Hay storage caused undesirable changes in the nutritional value, especially in fiber content and in vitro digestibility.

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The Relative Performance of a Benchtop Scanning Monochromator and Handheld Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectrometer in Predicting Forage Nutritive Value

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s22020658 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 658

Author(s):

Matthew F. Digman ◽

Jerry H. Cherney ◽

Debbie J. R. Cherney

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Low Cost ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Near Infrared Reflectance ◽

Average Decrease ◽

Manufacturing Techniques

Advanced manufacturing techniques have enabled low-cost, on-chip spectrometers. Little research exists, however, on their performance relative to the state of technology systems. The present study compares the utility of a benchtop FOSS NIRSystems 6500 (FOSS) to a handheld NeoSpectra-Scanner (NEO) to develop models that predict the composition of dried and ground grass, and alfalfa forages. Mixed-species prediction models were developed for several forage constituents, and performance was assessed using an independent dataset. Prediction models developed with spectra from the FOSS instrument had a standard error of prediction (SEP, % DM) of 1.4, 1.8, 3.3, 1.0, 0.42, and 1.3, for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), true in vitro digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and crude protein (CP), respectively. The R2P for these models ranged from 0.90 to 0.97. Models developed with the NEO resulted in an average increase in SEP of 0.14 and an average decrease in R2P of 0.002.

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Relationship between intake of silage and its chemical composition and in vitro digestibility

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9720025 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

DC Brown ◽

JC Radcliffe

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Matter Content ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Lactic Acids

Twenty experimental silages were made from seven pasture species at different stages of maturity. In vivo dry matter, organic matter, and energy ad libitum intakes and digestibilities of the silages were determined with standardized pairs of Merino wethers. The following chemical characteristics of the silages were measured: nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total titratable acids, acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids, total volatiles lost during oven drying, lactic acid as a percentage of the total organic acids, pH, acid pepsin dry matter disappearance, dry matter content, and in vitro digestibility and rate of digestion. When all 20 silages were considered, energy intakes on a body weight basis were significantly related to silage pH (r = 0.55) and rate of in vitro digestion (r = 0.58). When the five legume silages were removed from the analysis and only the 15 grass-dominant silages were considered, dry matter intakes were significantly related to acetic (r = –0.57) and propionic acid (r = –0.55) concentrations. Multiple regression analyses did not significantly increase the accuracy of predicting intake. The results suggested that silage intake was negatively related to the degree of fermentation that occurred during the ensiling process.

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175 Reduce Reuse ReRumen: Variability in nutritive value of paunch manure

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz053.125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 55-56

Author(s):

Taylor J Garcia ◽

Jeffrey A Brady ◽

Kimberly A Guay ◽

James P Muir ◽

William B Smith

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

State University ◽

Constant Weight ◽

Penn State ◽

Forced Air ◽

Pass Through ◽

The Individual

Abstract Ruminant animals develop a diverse and complex microbial ecosystem for digesting fibrous feedstuffs, but this material represents a cost to the industry when bound for rendering at harvest. Our objective was to determine the feed value of paunch manure recovered from an abattoir. Twelve paunch samples were collected from slaughtered cattle at the Tarleton State University Meat Laboratory, Stephenville, TX. Samples were dried under forced air at 55°C to a constant weight and ground to pass through 2-mm screen. A subsample was ground to 1-mm and assayed for DM, CP, and sequential NDF and ADF. Physically effective fiber (peNDF) was calculated with 2 L of unground, dried at 55 ˚C, paunch material using the manually-operated Penn State Particle Separator. Paunch peNDF was determined by multiplying the physical effectiveness factor by the total NDF content of the sample. Samples (2-mm) were subject to batch culture in vitro digestibility assays for determination of digestibility coefficients. Data were analysed as a random effects model using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. Neutral detergent fiber, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF values were 68.1, 39.9, 10.9, 15.0, and 38.7%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the individual animal for NDF, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF was 97.2, 97.9, 95.4, 19.1, and 97.5%, respectively. In vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) was recorded as 46.2% and 21.6%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the animal for IVTD and IVNDFD was 99.05 and 98.49%, respectively. Data collected suggest paunch manure could provide valuable nutrients for livestock production, specifically fiber and protein. For full viability of application in a sustainable system, a centralized receiving and compositing system may be useful for development of a consistent product.

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Plant factors influencing the nutritive value of some temperate annual pasture species

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9730404 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 13 (63) ◽

pp. 404 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JG McIvor ◽

DF Smith

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Subterranean Clover ◽

Trifolium Subterraneum ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Matter Content ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Hordeum Leporinum ◽

Brome Grass

Changes in herbage production, dry matter content, nitrogen content and in vitro digestibility of two sown species-subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) - and five common volunteer species-capeweed (Arctotheca calendula), musky crowfoot (Erodium moschatum), barley grass (Hordeum leporinum), ripgut brome grass (Bromus rigidus) and soft brome grass (Bromus mollis)-were measured throughout their growth cycle. The volunteer species compared favourably with the sown species for these measurements and should be capable of providing nutritious grazing for animals.

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Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize fertilized with synthetic fertilizer or digestate and harvested at two maturity stages in Boreal growing conditions

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.60068 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽

Shaimaa Selim ◽

Seija Jaakkola ◽

Pirjo S.A. Mäkelä

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Maturity Stages ◽

Synthetic Fertilizer

Maize cultivation for silage could be a sustainable option in Boreal conditions, especially when combined with nutrient recycling. Effects of digestate (sludge from biogas of domestic origin) application in comparison with synthetic fertilizer and two maturity stages on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize were investigated. Starch, neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and digestible organic matter (DOM) contents of maize did not differ in response to the two fertilizer treatments. However, starch, DOM and metabolizable energy of maize increased, while ash, crude protein and WSC contents decreased with increasing maize maturity. Heavy metals in maize fertilized with digestate remained low. The results indicate that whole-crop maize fertilized with digestate and harvested at 150 days after sowing is a promising feed and has good nutritive value, even in Boreal conditions.

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Mixed sugarcane and elephant grass silages with or without bacterial inoculant

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000300003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 462-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jucilene Cavali ◽

Odilon Gomes Pereira ◽

Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽

Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽

Francisco Eden Paiva Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Linear Models ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Total N

The effects of different ratios of sugarcane and elephant grass (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0% of the natural basis) were assessed on the chemical composition and losses in silages treated with a bacterial inoculant, using laboratory silos. A 2 × 5 factorial arrangement (with and without inoculant and five elephant grass ratios) in a randomized blocks design with three replications was used. Interaction was observed in the sugarcane and elephant grass ratio × bacterial inoculant for crude protein (CP) and pH. The other variables were influenced only by the increasing proportions of elephant grass. The contents of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, acid detergent fiber, insoluble protein in acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and lignin in the silages increased linearly with the proportions of elephant grass. The water soluble carbohydrate contents and dry matter in vitro digestibility of the silages decreased linearly with the increase in the proportion of elephant grass. The mean value of ammonia nitrogen in relation to total N was 7.0% (% of DM). The CP values of the inoculated and non-inoculated silage fitted linear models. The highest CP content was observed in the silage treated with inoculant. The pH values of the silages, with and without inoculant, fitted quadratic and linear models, respectively. The lactic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid contents were not influenced by the elephant grass ratios, while the acetic acid content, for the non-inoculated silages, and ethanol decreased linearly with the increase in elephant grass. The ratio of 25% sugarcane and 75% elephant grass improves the nutritional value and increases the silage DM recovery, because of the lower effluent and gas productions. The homofermentative bacterial inoculant does not affect the sugarcane silage.

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Equine in Vitro Digestibility Using Different Cecal Fluid Dilutions

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab096.086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 46-47

Author(s):

Cody Davis ◽

Russell C Carrell ◽

Serena Thompson ◽

Madison Cole ◽

S Leanne L Dillard

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Fecal Material ◽

Abdominal Incision ◽

Fiber Analysis ◽

Three Samples ◽

Plastic Bag ◽

Veterinary School

Abstract In vitro digestibility (IVTD) is a useful tool for determining nutritive value of forages. The majority of equine forage digestion occurs in the cecum; however, many studies use fecal inoculum. The current study aimed to determine the optimal buffer:cecal fluid for batch culture fermentation and compare this method with fecal IVTD. Three horses were sourced from the Auburn University Veterinary School. Fecal material was collected via a rectal grab sample, placed in a plastic bag, and into a 39°C water bath. The cecal contents were collected using an abdominal incision within 5 min of termination. Contents were placed in a pre-warmed (39°C) thermos. Cecal fluid was strained and proportioned into 3 treatments (100:0, 75:25, and 50:50 cecal fluid:buffer). Fecal material was weighed and mixed with buffer to achieve a 10:90 by weight. Three samples of alfalfa, bermudagrass, and perennial peanut hay were randomly assigned to a fluid treatment and placed in the respective jar, digested for 48h, then underwent neutral detergent fiber analysis. The experiment was designed as a 4 × 3 factorial with horse considered random (n = 9). Statistical analysis was conducted using Proc Mixed (SAS Inst, Cary, NC) with α = 0.05. There was no effect of fluid treatment on IVTD (P = 0.12). However, a forage effect was observed (P < 0.001). Alfalfa and perennial peanut IVTD were not different (75.6%; P = 0.40), but greater (P < 0.001) than bermudagrass (48.1%). This study showed that no difference in cecal fluid and fecal material occurred when used as microbial inoculant sources for a Daisy-II batch fermentation for determination of equine IVTD.

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