scholarly journals Bromatological quality of silage from cassava residues: fractionation of proteins and carbohydrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leones Costa dos SANTOS ◽  
Willian Gonçalves do NASCIMENTO ◽  
Marcia Mourão Ramos AZEVEDO ◽  
Dulciene Karla de Andrade SILVA ◽  
Italvan Milfont MACEDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Cassava Peel

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of silage in the upper third of cassava levels of inclusion of cassava peel, 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 g/kg out based on natural matter (NM) with 60 days of storage on fermentative profile, aerobic stability, chemical composition and protein and carbohydrate fractionation. The material was ensiled in 15 experimental silos, the experimental design adopted was completely randomised, with five treatments and three repetitions. The inclusion of cassava peel in silage from the aerial part of the cassava promoted an increasing linear effect for dry matter content. The contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of cassava peel in the silage. The inclusion of the bark promoted an increase in carbohydrate levels. Protein and carbohydrate fractions were influenced by the addition of cassava peel, decreasing the unavailable and/or indigestible fraction (Fraction C) of proteins and carbohydrates. The inclusion of cassava peel up to the level of 400 g/kg NM in silage from the aerial part of the cassava improves the fermentation process, aerobic stability and the chemical composition of the silage, and reduces the indigestible fractions of carbohydrates and proteins.

scholarly journals Structural characteristics and chemical composition of andropogon grass pasture managed under different defoliation intensities and rest periods

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Francisco Naysson de Sousa Santos ◽  
Ricardo Alves Araújo ◽  
Giovanne Oliveira Costa Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Dry Biomass

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic, structural traits and chemical composition of andropogon grass subjected to different defoliation intensities and rest periods. Two defoliation intensities (15 and 30 cm) and four rest periods (25; 35, 45 and 55 days) were evaluated in a factorial completely randomized design, with four replications. The rest period promoted a linear decreasing effect (P <0.05) on the dry biomass of leaf blades in the two defoliation intensities. The dry biomass of stems showed an increasing linear effect (P <0.05) according to the rest periods in the two defoliation intensities. Production was recorded at 2427.71; 2907.39; 3325.72 and 3749.45 kg ha−1 for the periods of 25; 35; 45 and 55 days, respectively. The dry matter content showed an increasing linear effect (P <0.05) as a function of the rest periods evaluated in the two defoliation intensities. The rest period indicated a decreasing linear trend (P <0.05) for the crude protein content in the two defoliation intensities. A decrease of 0.9 and 0.7 g kg−1 was verified for each day of the rest period. For each additional day in the rest period, there was an increase of 1.2 and 1.5 g kg−1 DM in the neutral detergent fiber content at intensities of 15 and 30 cm. The andropogon grass pasture managed with a 25-day rest period and defoliation intensity of 30 cm showed high leaf/stem ratio and good nutritional value.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cultivar and Biostimulant Treatment on the Carrot Yield and its Quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Grabowska ◽  
Edward Kunicki ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Andrzej Kalisz ◽  
Renata Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Dry Matter Content

Summary Modifications in growing techniques can affect the yield and nutritional quality of various cultivated plants. Among them, the use of biostimulants is environmental friendly method of stimulating crop productivity, stress resistance, and affecting yield or chemical composition of the plants. The aim of the investigation was determining of the effect of biostimulant treatment on yield and its quality of carrot grown for summer harvest. The experiment was carried out in 2009-2011 in the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, south Poland. Two experimental factors were taken into consideration: (1) cultivar: Nandrin F1 and Napoli F1 (2) dose of Aminoplant (foliar application): 1.5 and 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 and control (without Aminoplant). Total and marketable yield, root length, its diameter, leaf mass and leaf : root mass ratio were assessed. The dry matter, soluble sugar, carotenoids and nitrate ions contents were analyzed as main determinants of carrot nutritional quality. Aminoplant influenced not only carrot productivity, but mainly chemical composition of the roots. The present results also suggest that carrot reaction to biostimulant treatment was depended on a cultivar more than on environmental conditions in particular growing seasons. The significant effect of Aminoplant in a dose of 1.5 dm3∙ha-1 on the yield of roots and leaf rosette mass of ‘Nandrin F1’ appeared only in the first year of the experiment. Spraying with Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 significantly increased the soluble sugars content in carrot roots of both cultivars but only in 2011. Dry matter content was also affected by biostimulant treatment mainly for ‘Napoli F1’, which showed the lowest dry matter content when sprayed with Aminoplant in a dose of 1.5 dm3∙ha-1. In 2010 control plants contained the greater amount of carotenoids, while in next year roots of plants treated with Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 had more these compounds. The significant effect of Aminoplant on nitrates content in carrot roots was observed but were not repeatable in the experimental years, so different climatic conditions modified carrot reaction on biostimulant spraying.

scholarly journals Murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal as an additive to elephant grass silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
Cláudia M Serra-Ferreira ◽  
Agatha G Farias-Souza ◽  
Rita C Almeida-Mendonça ◽  
Melany Simões-Souza ◽  
Wagner R L Lopes-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Aerobic Stability

Background: Tropical grasses, such as elephant grass, have high moisture content during its ideal phenological state for silage. High moisture content hinders proper preservation and reduces the nutritive value of silage due to secondary fermentation and production of effluents. Adding feed materials with high dry matter content, such as murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal, is a potential alternative to improve silage yield. Objective: To determine the effects of including murumuru meal (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28%) on the fermentative characteristics, microbiological activity, aerobic stability, and chemical composition of elephant grass silages. Methods: A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates was used. Elephant grass was collected at 60 d of age, minced, and homogenized with murumuru meal. The mass was placed in experimental 15-L silos. The silos were collected and analyzed 45 d later. Results: Effluent production decreased (p<0.05) as the proportions of murumuru meal in silage increased. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed on dry matter recovery. An increase (p<0.05) was observed in dry matter content, a decrease (p<0.05) in the neutral detergent fiber content, and an increase (p<0.05) in the non-fibrous carbohydrate content with the inclusion of murumuru meal. Conclusions: Addition of murumuru meal improves chemical composition and does not affect the fermentative characteristics of elephant grass silage, while it reduces effluent losses. Nevertheless, the inclusion of murumuru meal in the elephant grass silage decreased the time of aerobic stability.

Effects of Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Jiaxiu Sun ◽  
Yuling Liu ◽  
SHRESTHA SUJATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Acid Ratio

China is the origin and distribution center of kiwifruit, as well as the country with the largest cultivated area and output of kiwifruit. A previous study found that a new kiwifruit virus, Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus (AYRSpV), has been detected in kiwifruit samples with yellowed leaves. The incidence of this virus was high in kiwifruit plantings in Shaanxi Province. To determine the symptoms of this viral infection and the effects of this virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruits, we measured leaf chlorophyll levels and the fruit yield, total sugar, total acid and dry matter contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits grafted with AYRSpV-infected scions. The results showed that after AYRSpV infection, symptoms including chlorotic ringspots were mainly observed in the spring and gradually recovered with high summer temperatures. A few of the leaves that did not recover showed symptoms of albinism, which lasted until the leaves fell. We found that AYRSpV infection could reduce the chlorophyll content of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit by 74.61-76.64%, the fruit yield by 14.50-24.10%, the sugar to acid ratio by 50.09-50.57%, and the fruit dry matter content by 1.67-1.78%. Our results showed that AYRSpV infection could significantly affect the yield and quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit.

Influence of previous crops on the productivity of winter wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
A. A. Makarov ◽  
N. I. Mamsirov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In order to realize the maximum potential parameters of winter wheat productivity, it is necessary, first of all, to use high-yielding varieties with optimal quality indicators of grain, as well as progressive agricultural technologies aimed at obtaining a stable crop yield. Winter wheat places high demands on its previous crops. Insufficient amount of productive moisture in the soil or its extremely low reserves affects the yield, and consequently, the quality of winter wheat grain according to unpaired predecessors. Moreover, dry autumn during the sowing period leads to its delay, which is the reason for obtaining uneven and weak seedlings. In this regard, studies have been carried out to study and assess the influence of predecessors on the agrocenosis, yield and grain quality of promising varieties of Adel, Grom, Tanya winter wheat. According to the experimental scheme, peas, corn for silage and sunflower have been identified as the preceding crops for winter wheat. Agrotechnology in experience is generally accepted for the foothill zone of the Republic of Adygea. The results of the research made it possible to identify the most optimal of the considered predecessors in the cultivation of winter wheat, capable of providing stable yields with high quality grain. Certain differences in the photosynthetic activity of the studied winter wheat varieties for different predecessors have been noted. It has been found that the leaf area of winter wheat varieties is in the range of 30,0–33,5 thousand m2/ha. The highest dry matter content in the range of 4,9–5,0 t/ha is observed in the Grom variety, and the predecessor is peas. The largest number of grains in an ear for three previous crops is 40–43 pcs / ear for peas. It also had a fairly significant effect on the weight of 1000 grains and the grain yield of winter wheat. For example, the weight of 1000 grains of the most productive Thunder variety varied from 40,1 to 41,6 gm, depending on the previous crop. According to the results of the experiments, the highest grain yield of winter wheat within the range of 5,3 t/ha has been noted for the Grom variety when cultivated for peas. The smallest grain yield in the range of 3,8–3,9 t/ha is typical for all studied varieties of winter wheat, namely, according to the cultivated predecessor – sunflower.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen supply on specific yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
Z. Soltész ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nitrogen supply on yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars and to explore the relationships between canopy density and the different fruit quality parameters. The experiments were carried out at Kálmánháza, in Eastern Hungary in a private orchard in 2003-2004. The response of four apple cultivars ('Elstar', 'Gala Prince', 'Granny Smith', 'Idared') to different nitrogen dosages was studied. The assessed and calculated indices were: yield, fruit diameter, fruit height, shape index, fruit mass, firmness, dry matter content and colouration. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilization has a significant effect on the yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars. The calculated specific yield values were reduced by the application of nitrogen via the increase in the volume of the canopy. An opposit trend was observed for fruit diameter, fruit height and fruit weight, which increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The reduced shape index caused flattening of fruits. However, the improvement of fruit quality via increasing nitrogen dosage is only virtual, since these dosages increase the fruit size, but firmness, dry matter content and colouration are diminished, which decreases the value of the fruits on the market. The authors also studied the relationships between canopy density responsible for assimilation and light supply of the fruits and the different fruit quality parameters. The closest linear inversely proportional relationship was found in the case of colouration. There was a negative linear relationship between canopy density and firmness or dry matter content. The relationship between canopy density and fruit mass could be described by a quadratic polinomial function.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of silage made from by-products of cassava starch extraction and viticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
C.R. Schneider ◽  
M.A. Zambom ◽  
D. Galhardo ◽  
A. Faccenda ◽  
A.S. Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated silages made with varying proportions of viticulture by-products (VC) and starch extraction from cassava (CSE). It attempted to determine the effects of these proportions on the microbial population, fermentative losses, and chemical composition. The treatments were specified as the proportions of VC in the silage (0 g/kg, 250 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 750 g/kg, and 1000 g/kg). Silages were  evaluated before (0) and after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of ensiling. The experimental design was completely randomized with five  treatments, six storage times and four replications. The increased level of VC in the silage enhanced its dry matter content, ammonia  nitrogen (NH3-N), and buffering capacity, and reduced organic matter content. Fifteen days after ensiling, additional VC increased the concentration of soluble carbohydrates. The increased level of VC decreased the count of Clostridium spp. and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The incidence of yeasts and enterobacteria was low in all treatments at all time points. Over time, losses as effluent and gases increased. Use of increasing proportions from VC in silage made with CSE increased the contents of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates and  reduced the fermentative losses of the silage. The increased amount of VC also favoured pH reduction and reduced the proliferation of undesirable yeasts, while increasing the population of LAB.

scholarly journals EFFETS D'APPORT D'AMENDEMENTS LIGNEUX FRAIS ET HUMIFIES SUR LA PRODUCTION DE POMME DE TERRE ET SUR LA DISPONIBILITE DE L'AZOTE EN SOL SABLEUX

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUZANNE BEAUCHEMIN ◽  
MARC R. LAVERDIÈRE ◽  
ADRIEN N'DAYEGAMIYE
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Wood Residues

Intensive potato cropping has been reported as a major cause of degradation of sandy soils. Wood residues from tree clipping applied to soils can substitute for crop residues to maintain adequate organic matter levels and crop productivity. However, this ligneous material presents a C:N ratio varying from 50 to 175 and, when applied in large quantities, may induce N immobilization at the expense of the crop. The objectives of this study were to quantify the importance of this N immobilization following addition of residues and its effect on yield and quality of potato crops. Fresh or humified residues (50 t ha−1) were applied to the soil and incorporated. The third treatment received no residue. Each treatment was subdivided into subtreatments which received either 0, 150, 200 or 250 kg N ha−1. P, K, Mg and S were applied at the same rate on all treatments. Following the application of wood residues in 1987, 46 kg N ha−1 were immobilized in amended plots. N recovery from fertilizer was 51%. To obtain comparable yields of similar quality to those measured on unamended plots, an additional 1.9 kg N t−1 residues added or 100 kg N ha−1 were required. In 1988, N immobilization was considerably reduced; yield and quality of potato tubers in plots that received wood residues the previous year were comparable to those of the unamended plots with appropriate fertilization. Water retention was significantly improved in plots that received wood residues. Partial decomposition of the residues for 1 yr prior to application on the soil did not significantly improve plant growth compared to fresh residues. Key words: Wood residues, tree clippings, potato yield, dry matter content, nitrogen immobilization, soil water content

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