scholarly journals Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis: analysis of 20 consecutive patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Hu ◽  
Eunhee Suh Yi ◽  
Jay Hoon Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Chest Ct ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Recurrent Pneumonia ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Sputum Production ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swallow Study ◽  
Aged Subjects

OBJECTIVE: Aspiration can cause a variety of pulmonary syndromes, some of which are not well recognized. The objective of this study was to assess the demographic, clinical, radiological, and histopathological correlates of diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB), a bronchiolocentric disorder caused by recurrent aspiration. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 20 consecutive patients with DAB seen at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, between January 1, 1998 and June 30, 2014. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 56.5 years (range, 22-76 years), and the male/female ratio was 2.3:1.0. In 18 patients, the diagnosis of DAB was based on the results of a lung biopsy; in the 2 remaining patients, it was based on clinical and radiological features, together with documented aspiration observed in a videofluoroscopic swallow study. In 19 patients (95%), we identified predisposing factors for aspiration, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), drug abuse, and dysphagia. Common presenting features included cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and fever. Twelve patients (60%) had a history of recurrent pneumonia. In all of the patients, chest CT revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates consisting of micronodules and tree-in-bud opacities. In the majority of patients, interventions aimed at preventing recurrent aspiration (e.g., anti-GERD therapies) led to improvement in the symptoms of DAB. CONCLUSIONS: Young to middle-aged subjects with recognizable predisposing factors for aspiration and who report a history of recurrent pneumonia are at increased risk for DAB. Although DAB is not well recognized, certain chest CT features are characteristic of the disorder.

The epidemiological trend of esophageal cancer in Mumbai, India over the past two decades.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16095-e16095
Author(s):  
Anbarasan Sekar ◽  
Akhil Rajendra ◽  
Vanita Noronha ◽  
Smruti Mokal ◽  
Vijay Maruti Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

e16095 Background: There has been a definite histopathological shift in esophageal cancer in the West over the past few decades, with adenocarcinoma overtaking squamous cell carcinoma as the commonest type. Asian countries with a high human development index like China have also reported an increased incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Data on the epidemiology of esophageal cancer in India are limited. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of all patients with histologically proven esophageal cancer at Tata Memorial Hospital, from 2003 to 2018. We excluded non-squamous and non-adenocarcinoma histologies. Results: Of a total of 7,874 patients with esophageal cancer, 5,092 (64.7%) were men, for a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. The median age was 57 years (IQR, 50-65); 4,465 (56.7%) were below 60 years old. Of the 4912 patients in whom a history of tobacco or alcohol use had been elicited, there were 1,360 (27.7%) patients with no history of substance use. The site of the primary was the upper third in 906 (12.8%), middle third esophagus in 2,942 (41.5%), lower third in 2,331 (32.8%) and gastroesophageal junction in 917 (12.9%) patients. The predominant histology was squamous cell carcinoma in 6,413 (81.4%) patients and adenocarcinoma in 1461 (18.6%). There was no change in the histologic pattern over the period of the study; squamous cell carcinoma constituted 78.5% of the cases in 2003, and 85.5% in 2018; Chi square test for the year wise trend in histologic patterns was not significant, p=0.143. Evaluation of the histologic subtype according to sex revealed that in the male patients, there were 3890 (76.4%) squamous and 1202 (23.6%) adenocarcinoma cases, while in female patients, there were 2523 (90.7%) squamous and 259 (9.3%) adenocarcinoma cases. On a uni variate analysis, male sex (p<0.001), a history of tobacco or alcohol use (p<0.001), and the presence of comorbidity (p<0.007) were associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression model revealed that female sex and use of tobacco or alcohol were positively associated with squamous cell carcinoma, while the presence of comorbities and primary in lower esophagus/GEJ were positively associated with adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Squamous cell carcinoma continues to be the commonest esophageal cancer histologic subtype in over 80% Indian patients. The mid esophagus is the most common site (42%). There is no evidence of an epidemiological shift or an increase in the occurrence of adenocarcinoma or of lower esophageal/GEJ malignancy over the past two decades.

scholarly journals Hospital based study of demography and clinical picture of vernal keratoconjunctivitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maneesha Sethi ◽  
Ridham Nanda ◽  
Amarjeet Singh Bali ◽  
P. Sadhotra
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

Background: Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is common cause of ocular morbidity in children living in tropical countries. Its diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms of the disease. The study was undertaken to stress upon the demography and clinical presentation of VKC.Methods: Retrospective pre-formed proforma of 155 patients of VKC, who were detected at random in the out - patient department of ophthalmology, ASCOMS, Jammu from May 2016 to April 2017, were analyzed.Results: Mean age at presentation was 10.31 years +4.05. The Male: Female ratio was 4.96:1. Majority of patients reported in the month of May. Mixed type of VKC was predominant. Personal or family history of allergy was seen in 5.8% of patients. Itching (100%) was commonest symptom and palpaberal papillae were commonest sign seen in 78.70% of patients.Conclusions: Clinical pattern of VKC seen in hot and dry climate of Northern India is like that seen in other parts of country.

Evaluation of Results of Anterior Cervical Discectomy Fusion (ACDF) by Cervical Cage with Bone Graft for the Treatment of Single Level Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
R Chowdhury ◽  
D Mishra ◽  
S Batajoo ◽  
M Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy Fusion

Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common spinal cord disorder that develops in elderly people. Anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) is an effective and reliable procedure for the treatment of CSM. Objective: To find out the results of ACDF by cervical cage with bone graft for the treatment of single level cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, over a period of two years from March 2015 to August 2017. Forty patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were diagnosed on the basis of presenting complains, clinical examination and investigations and were enrolled in this study. The history of the patients was collected, clinical examination was done and relevant investigations were done for each patient. In this study, Nurick grading and VAS scale were used for evaluation of the result. Result: Male gender was predominant in this study; male-female ratio was 2.63:1. Mean age of the patients was 45.9 ± 9.1 years within the range of 30-65 years. Both sides were affected in 14 (35.0%) cases, only right side was affected in 15 (37.5%) cases and only left side was affected in 11 (27.5%) cases. Involved disc spaces were C3/4 (10.0%), C4/5 (22.5%), C5/6 (42.5%) and C6/7 (25.0%). Transientdysphagia was observed in 2 (5.0%), transient para paresis in 1 (2.5.0%), wound infection in 1(2.5.0%) case and damage to the dura was observed in 1 (2.5.0%) case. Signs of fusion were observed in 10 (25.0%) cases after 3 months, 30 (75.0%) cases after 6 months and in all patients after 12months. The result was found to be excellent in 35 (87.5%) and good in 5 (12.5%) cases. Conclusion: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion by cervical cage with bone graft is an effective procedure for management of CSM.

Migrainous Disorder and its Relation to Migraine Without Aura and Migraine with Aura. A Genetic Epidemiological Study

Cephalalgia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Russell ◽  
J Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Migrainous disorder was analysed in a large population-based study of 4000 forty-year-old males and females. All interviews were conducted by one physician and the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society were used. Of the 48 people with migrainous disorder, 40 had migrainous disorder without aura and 9 had migrainous disorder with aura One person had co-occurrence of migrainous disorder with and without aura. The lifetime prevalence of migrainous disorder was 2.5% with a male: female ratio of 1:1.2. The first-degree relatives of probands with migrainous disorder were blindly interviewed. Compared with the general population, first-degree relatives of probands with migrainous disorder without aura had a slightly but less increased risk of migraine without aura than first-degree relatives of probands with migraine without aura. First-degree relatives of probands with migrainous disorder with aura had no increased risk of migraine with aura. We conclude that migrainous disorder without aura in some people is a type of migraine without aura and in other people not. Migrainous disorder with aura may be unrelated to migraine with aura. œ

scholarly journals Incidence of Orofacial Clefts in Kumasi, Ghana

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Agbenorku ◽  
M. Yore ◽  
K. A. Danso ◽  
C. Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
History Of

Background. Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common orofacial congenital anomalies. This study is to establish Orofacial Clefts Database for Kumasi, Ghana, with a view to extend it to other cities in future to obtain a national orofacial anomaly database. Methods. A descriptive prospective survey was carried out at eleven selected health facilities in Kumasi. Results. The total number of live births recorded was 27,449. Orofacial anomalies recorded were 36, giving an incidence of 1.31/1000 live births or 1 in 763 live births. The mean maternal age of cleft lip/palate babies was 29.85 years (range 18–40 years). The male : female ratio for the orofacial anomalies babies was 1.3 : 1; the male : female ratio was 0.5 : 1 in the cleft lip group, 1.3 : 1 in the cleft lip and palate group, and 4 : 1 in the cleft palate group. The majority of clefts were unilateral (69.4%, n=25), with females (n=14) outnumbering males (n=11). A family history of cleft was recorded with five babies (13.9%). Associated congenital anomalies were recorded in seven (19.4%) cleft lips and/or palates. Conclusion. The incidence of 1 in 763 live births found in this study indicates that cleft lip/palate is a common congenital anomaly in Kumasi.

scholarly journals FEMORAL NECK FRACTURE;

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 874-878
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ayub Laghari ◽  
Muhammad Khan Pahore ◽  
Imran Khan Maher ◽  
Muhammad Saeed Arain
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Femoral Neck Fracture ◽  
Deep Infection ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Superficial Infection ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
History Of

Objective: Objective of this study determines the outcome of unipolarhemiarthoplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture at Liaquat University HospitalHyderabad/ Jamshoro. Materials and methods: Total 50 elderly patients were included in thestudy with femoral neck fracture and all the cases were selected from accident, emergency andOPD. All the patients with the history of pregnancy, those patients who were unfit for anesthesia,malignancy, neurological deficits of lower extremity, rheumatoid arthritis and Parkinson’sdisease regarding with systemically disease were excluded from the study. All the patientsunder went surgical hemiarthoplasty treatment with Austin moor-femoral head prosthesia. In thelast all postoperative complications, functional outcome and mortality were noted on proforma.Results: Total 50 patients were included in the study. Mean age of this study was mean±SD64.98±4.13. Females were found in majority with male/ female ratio 1:1.27. Post operative painwas noted in the 50% of the cases and out of them severe pain was noted only in 4% of thecases. Superficial infection was seen in 4% of the cases and deep infection was not found inthe cases and death was occurred in 10% of the patients. On the outcome, excellent resultswere found in the 44.44% of the study participants, good and fair results were seen in 26.66%and 20% respectively, while poor results were seen in 8.88% of the patients. Conclusions: Itis concluded that unipolar hemiarthoplasty is of the reliable procedure by use of Austin-moorfemoral head prosthesia for the treatment of femoral neck fracture in elderly.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile and Determinants of Tuberculosis in Urban Nepalese Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
Subash Bhatta ◽  
Nayana Pant
Keyword(s):  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Family ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: Tuberculosis has evolved through ages to remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite having a very successful Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course program, tuberculosis is still one of the most widespread infections in Nepal. This study was done to observe the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis patients in an urban Nepalese population.Materials and Methods: 585 newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in two tertiary level hospitals in the country were enrolled in the study during a period of 18months. A standard questionnaire was formatted and the required information was acquired with the help of interview and investigation reports.Results: The mean age of presentation was 35.76 with a male to female ratio of 1.48:1.57% of the cases had less than primary education with 26 % being illiterates. The most commonly involved occupational group was farmers (22%) followed by students (20%) and laborers (14%). 22% of cases had a history of contact with tuberculosis in the family. 41 % were smokers and 18 % abused alcohol. Pulmonary tuberculosis comprised 68% of the total cases. The most common extrapulmonary presentation was lymph node TB (28%) followed by pleural effusion (21.5%) and tubercular meningitis (16%).Conclusions: Young people with lower literacy levels and with a family history of tuberculosis are at increased risk of acquiring tuberculosis and community approaches for tuberculosis control should target this group to reduce the burden of the disease

Demographic and Clinical Profile of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Teaching Hospital, Kurnool

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 976-980
Author(s):  
Radhika R ◽  
◽  
Pushpa Latha M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Words Allergy

Introduction: To describe socio - demographic and clinical profile of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and to assess the compliance of patients to the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Materials and methods: Prospective study of 100 patients with VKC was done. Purposive sampling of 100 Patients with signs and symptoms of VKC were taken, who satisfy inclusion and exclusion criteria. Treatment was given depending on grade of disease. Results: Out of 100 patients 66 were Males and 33 were Females. Mean age at presentation was 9.4 years and 2 patients presented at the age of 28 and 30 year and 60% patients from rural area, 40% from urban. Family history of allergies was noted in 7% patient. History of chronic perennial disease was seen in 57% patients. Mixed form of VKC was seen in 66%, limbal form in 18% and palpebral form in 16%. 47% had mild and 10% had severe disease. Conclusion: VKC is a bilateral disease affects most commonly young males between ages of 6 to 10 years. Male: female ratio of 2:1. Association of family history of allergic disorders are less. For persistent severe disease needs frequent follow-up. KEY WORDS: Allergy, Compliance, Papillae, and Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.

Prevalencia de síntomas de enfermedades respiratorias obstructivas, asma y EPOC, en mayores de 18 años de la República de Panamá [Prevalence of symptoms of obstructive respiratory diseases, asthma and COPD, in subject over 18 years old in Panama]

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Itzel Noriega ◽  
Joel Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica ◽  
History Of

Resumen <br />Antecedentes. La prevalencia de las enfermedades como asma y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), es variable en diferentes países. En Panamá, contamos con datos de prevalencia de asma en población infantil, pero no de adultos asmáticos ni de EPOC. Metodología. Se realiza un estudio de prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a nivel nacional por vía telefónica y medios digitales. Se realizó un muestreo estratificado por provincias. Se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y relativas para las preguntas del cuestionario. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de síntomas de asma y EPOC en mayores de 18 años en la República de Panamá. Resultados. En el primer semestre del 2019, se evaluaron 1,514 encuestas con relación hombre: mujer de 1:1. La prevalencia de diagnóstico previo de asma o EPOC fue del 15,8% IC (14,0-17,7), sibilancias en los últimos 12 meses el 14,4% IC (12,6-16,2), despertares nocturnos un 18,2% IC (16,2-20,1), disnea el 15,8% IC (14,0-17,7) y bronquitis con resfriados el 19,3% IC (17,2-21,2). El 11,6 % IC (10,1-13,3) utiliza alguna medicación para asma, y el 10,1% IC (8,6-11,6) afirmó haber utilizado servicios de cuarto de urgencias. Respondieron afirmativo a síntomas de rinitis el 37,6% IC (35,2-40,1), historia de tabaquismo el 17,1% IC (15,2-19,0), y exposición a biomasa el 16,8% IC (14,9-18,7). Conclusiones. Los síntomas de asma y EPOC más prevalentes fueron; opresión en el pecho o bronquitis con los resfriados, despertares nocturnos por falta de aire tos u opresión en el pecho y sibilancias en algún momento del día. Los síntomas de rinitis fueron los más prevalentes en los sujetos encuestados presentándose en más de un tercio de la muestra. Los antecedentes de tabaquismo, exposición pasiva al humo del tabaco y la exposición a humo de leña, también variaron según condición, pero en ninguno de los casos superó una quinta parte de los encuestados. El uso de medicamentos fue porcentualmente menor a la cantidad de sujetos que refirió haber recibido diagnóstico previo de asma o de EPOC. Uno de cada diez encuestados indicó haber visitado servicios de urgencias por pecho apretado, falta de aire o tos, en el último año. <br /><br />Abstract<br />Background. The prevalence of diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is variable in different countries. In Panama, we have data on the prevalence of asthma in children, but not in adults with asthma or COPD. Methodology. A study of prevalence of respiratory symptoms is carried out, through the application of a nationwide survey by telephone and digital means. A stratified sampling was carried out by provinces. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for the questions of the questionnaire. Objective: To determine the prevalence of asthma and COPD symptoms in subject over 18 years old in the Panama Republic. Results. In the first semesters of 2019, 1,514 surveys evaluated with a 1: 1 male: female ratio. The prevalence of previous diagnosis of asthma or COPD was 15.8% CI (14,0-17,7), wheezing in the last 12 months 14.4% CI (12,6-16,2), night awakenings 18.2% CI (16,2-20,1), dyspnea 15.8% CI (14,0-17,7) and bronchitis with colds 19.3% CI (17,2-21,2). 11.6% CI (10, 1-13,3) used some medication for asthma and 10.1% CI (8,6-11,6) stated that they had used emergency room services. 37.6% CI (35,2-40,1), a history of smoking 17.1% CI (15,2-19,0),and exposure to biomass 16.8% CI (14,9-18,7) responded affirmatively to symptoms of rhinitis. Conclusions. The most prevalent asthma and COPD symptoms were; tightness in the chest or bronchitis with colds, nighttime awakenings due to shortness of breath or tightness in the chest and wheezing at any time of the day. Rhinitis symptoms were the most prevalent in the surveyed subjects, appearing in more than a third of the sample.Smoking history, passive exposure to tobacco smoke, and exposure to wood smoke also varied by condition, but in none of the cases did it exceed a fifth of those surveyed. The use of medications was percentage lower than the number of subjects who reported having received a previous diagnosis of asthma or COPD. One in ten respondents has received emergency services for a tight chest, shortness of breath, or cough in the past year.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Clinical and Investigation Profile of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephatitis (SSPE): An Analysis of Twenty Cases

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
NC Saha ◽  
N Sultana ◽  
MAH Mollah ◽  
L Yasmin ◽  
S Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: To identify common clinical features, sociodemographic characteristics and laboratory parameters of diagnosed cases of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis.Design: Cross sectional descriptive type of study.Setting: Department of Paediatrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital.Study period: January 2006 to December 2008.Subjects: Twenty clinically diagnosed patients of SSPE.Results: The mean age at presentation was 8 years. Male: Female ratio was 19:1. Most of the patients came from lower socio-economic group (70%). Forty five percent had history of primary measles infection and seventy percent were vaccinated against measles. Most common presenting features were fall to ground (95%), cognitive decline (85%), myoclonic seizures (80%), altered speech (70%), gait disturbance (60%), personality changes (55%), dysphagia (50%) and less commonly blindness (20%). EEG showed abnormal findings in 100% of patients who underwent this test. Measles specific IgG antibody in CSF was positive in 90% cases. Neuroimaging findings were abnormal in 43% cases.Conclusion: The diagnosis of SSPE should be considered in children presenting with deteriorating milestones of development especially cognition and behavior, fall to ground along with myoclonic jerks in an endemic country for measles infection. Investigations like CSF and serum antibody to measles virus and characteristic EEG changes may help further in the diagnosis. Key words: SSPE; Myoclonic jerks; Milestones regression; Measles antibody; EEG. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v17i2.6586J Dhaka Med Coll. 2008; 17(2) : 72-77

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