scholarly journals The diverse understandings of foreign migration to the South of Brazil (1818-1950)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giralda Seyferth
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The South ◽  
German Immigrants ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Subjective Meanings

In this text I analyze some of the conceptual and subjective meanings of the notion of immigration, observing how these are appropriated in the debates on foreign colonization that influenced immigration policy in Brazil during the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. I also discuss everyday representations of immigration contained in writings by German immigrants sent to colonize areas of southern Brazil, exploring the liminal identity that emerges as a result of the difficulty experienced settling in still untamed areas of Brazil. The text examines understandings of immigration more directly associated with the colonization process promoted by the Brazilian state, still included in the 1945 Law of Foreigners, through which large areas of uncultivated lands in the south of the country were occupied by European immigrants (and their descendants) in the form of family smallholdings. Under these circumstances, German immigration preceded other flows of migrants, despite Brazilian nationalistic concerns over assimilation.

scholarly journals A IMIGRAÇÃO COMO UMA POLÍTICA DE DEFESA NACIONAL: É POSSÍVEL? O CASO DA IMIGRAÇÃO ESPANHOLA PARA A OCUPAÇÃO DA FRONTEIRA SUL DO BRASIL / Immigration as a National Defence Policy: is it Possible? The Case of the Spanish Immigration to the Occupation of Brazilian Southern Borderland

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Roberto Rodolfo Georg Uebel ◽  
Rita Inês Paetzhold Pauli
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The Political ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
National Defence

O processo colonial do Brasil trouxe muitas questões sobre a ocupação do seu espaço territorial por colonos e imigrantes como uma forma de apropriação das territorialidades fronteiriças do país visando à conservação e defesa do jovem Estado. Todavia, o povoamento específico do estado do Rio Grande do Sul por imigrantes europeus observou um caráter não só econômico, mas também estratégico, de defesa das fronteiras. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho aborda o caso da imigração espanhola para a fronteira sul do Brasil com o Uruguai e Argentina e também, por meio do Acordo de Migração entre Brasil e Espanha, as especificidades e pontualidades que essa distinta imigração trouxe à luz de uma possível e subjetiva política de defesa nacional, em prol do estabelecimento e consolidação das fronteiras brasileiras no território do Rio Grande do Sul. Este estudo é resultado de pesquisas documentais e in loco acerca da imigração espanhola e seus aportes econômicos, sociolaborais e territoriais no Rio Grande do Sul durante o século XX, que dentre suas potencialidades verificou a possibilidade político-militar de defesa nacional por meio de um acordo de migração, fato inédito até então na historiografia do país.ABSTRACTThe colonization process of Brazil brought many questions about the occupation of its territorial space by settlers and immigrants as a way of appropriation of the border territorialities of the country aiming at the conservation and protection of the young State. However, the specific settlement of the state of Rio Grande do Sul by European immigrants noticed not only an economic, but also a strategic, of borderlands defence features. In this sense, the present work deals with the case of Spanish immigration to the southern border of Brazil with Uruguay and Argentina and also, through the Migration Agreement between Brazil and Spain, the specificities of this distinct immigration that brought to light a possible and subjective policy of national defence, towards the establishment and consolidation of Brazilian borders on the territory of Rio Grande do Sul. This study is result of documentary and literature review researches about the Spanish immigration and its economic, socio-occupational and territorial contributions in Rio Grande do Sul during the twentieth century, which, among its potentialities verified the political and military possibility of national defence through an immigration agreement, an unprecedented fact until then in the country's historiography.Keywords: Immigration, Spaniards, Brazil, Border, Defence.

Large-Scale Manufacturing in the South and West, 1850–1860

1971 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Bateman ◽  
James D. Foust ◽  
Thomas J. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
The South

An examination of the manuscript censuses of manufacturing in 1850 and 1860 indicates the forthcoming revision of many traditional interpretations of American industrial development. This study suggests that large-scale manufacturing in the South and West was quite similar in the decade before the Civil War and that antebellum manufacturing was sufficiently concentrated to imply that the model of perfect competition is as inappropriate a description of mid-nineteenth century industrial structure as it is of twentieth century industry.

scholarly journals James Stewart and the Changing Face of the Confederate in Mid-Twentieth Century Hollywood Cinema

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
Peter Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
The South ◽  
Hollywood Cinema

Hollywood cinema offers multifaceted perspectives of the south and the southerner, guided as much by the time of production as by the personnel working on individual movies. This article will focus specifically on two films, fifteen years apart, featuring the same leading actor–James Stewart–in two similar yet distinct portrayals of southerners. The similarities and divergences between the protagonists of Winchester ’73 (1950) and Shenandoah (1965) allow us to explore (via a close reading of each text) specifically how the Confederate rebel was constructed for a national audience in the mid-twentieth century, and how that changed across a contested period that saw wide-ranging events in the battle for Civil Rights. Finally, the article shows how debts and divergences from the nineteenth century logics of white supremacy and secessionism factor into particular Hollywood discourses about geography, whiteness, and masculinity and retain an ongoing relevance in the current, fraught political climate.

scholarly journals Disposal of Pesticide Wastes in Apple Orchards in the South of Brazil and Its Compliance With Current Legislation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Larissa Morello ◽  
Simone Vassem de Oliveira ◽  
Kelly Scherer de Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Fernanda da Silva ◽  
Ana Emília Siegloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The South ◽  
Competent Body ◽  
Empty Containers ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Technical Guidance ◽  
Proper Disposal

This research aimed to verify how the disposal of pesticide wastes occurs in apple orchards (Malus domestica) in the south of Brazil and to verify its compliance with current legislation. This was a quantitative, descriptive and prospective field study. The research was carried out with 82 farmers from two rural areas belonging to the municipality of São Joaquim, the largest Brazilian apple producer, located in the Serrano Plateau of the State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The farmers were interviewed at home and questioned about the disposal of empty pesticide containers. The results of this research showed that most farmers carry out the proper management of the empty pesticide containers and return them to the collection stations or centers (85.5%), the other 8.5% dispose empty containers inappropriately, keeping them in the open air or burning them. It should be noted that 20.7% of farmers store these containers in the open air until they are delivered to the collection stations without any protection and exposed to people and animals. In addition, it was observed that individuals without any level of education tend to store empty containers inadequately. Thus, despite the fact that Brazil is a world reference in terms of the proper disposal of empty pesticide containers, there are still cases of non-compliance with the current legislation in relation to these procedures, and there is a need for technical guidance to workers, especially those with lower levels of education, as well as greater rigor of the legislation of supervision by the competent body.

scholarly journals A OCORRÊNCIA DE ARTE PRÉ-HISTÓRICA MALACARA I: Considerações Técnicas e Tipológicas

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Hérom Silva de Cezaro ◽  
Juliano Bitencourt Campos ◽  
Marcos César Pereira Santos ◽  
Pedro Ignácio Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The South ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Prehistoric Art ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Entre Rios ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Historical Art

Objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o registro, mapeamento e análise das técnicas e tipologias contidas na ocorrência arqueológica denominada como Malacara I. Essa ocorrência de Arte Pré-histórica se caracteriza como um bloco de Basalto a céu aberto, em contexto fluvial, com gravuras geométricas realizadas com diferentes técnicas: picoteado, inciso e polimento. A pertinência da pesquisa pesa principalmente na divulgação para a comunidade científica das características técnicas inéditas inerentes as gravuras rupestres que compõem a ocorrência arqueológica. Outra questão em aberto é sobre a possibilidade de as mesmas serem resultados de ações naturais. Essa pesquisa está inserida na problemática arqueológica do Brasil Meridional, onde sítios com arte rupestre apresentam diversificados tipos geométricos sem clara definição tecno-tipológica e cultural. Assim, neste artigo buscamos dar visibilidade a composição, e técnicas de confecção e sua relação com as tradições rupestres descritas para o Sul do Brasil e inseridas na problemática de pesquisa do projeto Arqueologia Entre Rios: do Urussanga ao Mampituba, (AERUM). THE OCCURRENCE OF PRE-HISTORICAL ART MALACARA I: Technical and Typological Considerations ABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to present the registration, mapping and analysis of the techniques and typologies contained in the archaeological occurrence denominated as Malacara I. This occurrence of Prehistoric Art is characterized as a basalt block in the open, in river context, with geometric engravings performed with different techniques: pecking, incision and polishing. The pertinence of the research weighs mainly in the dissemination to the scientific community of the unpublished technical characteristics inherent to the rock engravings that compose the archaeological occurrence. Another open question is about the possibility that they are the results of natural actions. This research is inserted in the archaeological problematic of Southern Brazil, where sites with rock art present diverse geometric types without clear tecno-typological definition and culture Thus, in this article we seek to give visibility to the composition and techniques of confection and its relation with the rock traditions described for the South of Brazil and inserted in the problem of research of the Project Arqueologia Entre Rios: do Urussanga ao Mampituba, (AERUM).Keywords: Rock Art; Extreme South of Santa Catarina; Canyons.  

scholarly journals Profile of scientific and technological production in nursing education research groups in the south of Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Motta Lino ◽  
Vânia Marli Schubert Backes ◽  
Bruna Pedroso Canever ◽  
Fabiane Ferraz ◽  
Marta Lenise Prado
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Collaborative Networks ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
Nursing Education Research ◽  
South Of Brazil

This research aimed to present the profile of production of Nursing Education Research Groups’ (NERG) scientific and technological production in the South of Brazil. This documentary, quantitative, exploratory-descriptive retrospective research was guided by the active search for products in the Lattes curriculum of previously selected NERG researchers, based on the 2006 Census of the Research Group Directory/CNPq, between 1995 and 2008. The results indicated that the 18 NERG from southern Brazil produced 453 papers in proceedings, 371 book chapters, 206 books, 1,437 scientific articles and 08 technological products, but no patent was registered. NERG’s scientific production in the research region has grown progressively over the past 14 years. To strengthen this structure, the establishment of collaborative networks can be used as a strategy, so that political-scientific joint actions in the sector can advance science and technology.

Portrait of a Nineteenth-Century Iranian Statesman: The Life and Times of Grand Vizier Amīn Ud-Dawlah, 1844–1904

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-351
Author(s):  
Hafez Farmayan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
British Government ◽  
The South ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
To Come ◽  
Temporary Control

In 1898, with Great Britain and Russia vying for political and economic dominance of Iran, Grand Vizier Mīrzā Alī Khān Amīn ud-Dawlah set in motion a cycle of events that, during the early part of the twentieth century, led to the downfall of the Qājārs, a dynasty he had spent his entire professional career serving. What initiated this cycle was the negotiation for a loan from Great Britain, sought partially for governmental expenses but mostly to finance a trip by the Shah to Europe. To obtain this loan, Amīn ud-Dawlah mortgaged the revenues of Iran's two most important customs houses in the south (Bushehr and Kermanshah), and also allowed those two departments to come under the control and administration of the British-owned Imperial Bank of Persia. In return for these astonishing concessions, the Bank advanced £50,000 to Grand Vizier Amin ud-Dawlah for emergency expenditures. The remainder, a mere £200,000, was to be paid upon completion of negotiations with the British Government. British bankers and diplomats in Tehran, aware of the sensitivity of the Grand Vizier's extraordinary decision, urged London to complete the negotiations as soon as possible. In the view of British representatives in Tehran this was imperative if temporary control of the customs houses was to become “a permanent institution.” However, negotiations dragged on long enough to give Russia and the Grand Vizier's rivals a chance to successfully frustrate the negotiations. Failure to obtain this British loan forced Grand Vizier Amīn ud-Dawlah to resign.

The Zoroastrian fire temple in the ex-Portuguese colony of Diu, India

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Shokoohy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Town

AbstractThe ex-Portuguese town of Diu on the island with the same name off the south coast of Saurashtra, Gujarat, is one of the best-preserved and yet least-studied Portuguese colonial towns. Diu was the last of the Portuguese strongholds in India, the control of which was finally achieved in 1539 after many years of futile struggle and frustrating negotiations with the sultanate of Gujarat. During the late sixteenth and seventeenth century Diu remained a main staging post for Portuguese trade in the Indian Ocean, but with the appearance of the Dutch, and later the French and British, on the scene the island gradually lost its strategic importance. The town was subjected to little renovation during the nineteenth century while in the twentieth century Diu was no more than an isolated Portuguese outpost with meagre trade until it was taken over by India in 1961. As a result, unlike the other former Portuguese colonies in India – Daman and Goa – Diu has preserved most of its original characteristics: a Portuguese colonial town plan, a sixteenth-century fort and a number of old churches, as well as many of the eighteenth and nineteenth-century houses.

scholarly journals The VARSUL Database

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Odete Pereira da Silva Menon ◽  
Edson Domingos Fagundes ◽  
Loremi Loregian-Penkal
Keyword(s):  
Oral Language ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The South ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Age Range

This study introduces the Project that gave origin to one of the most important databases about oral language in Brazil. The Project on Urban Linguistic Variation in the South of Brazil (VARSUL), that started in 1990, initially comprised the three federal universities of the three States of Southern Brazil: Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). In 1993, the Project began to also rely on the Pontific Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC–RS). The VARSUL Project aims at storing samples of speech realizations by inhabitants of socio-representative urban areas from each of the three states of the South of Brazil, stratified by location, age range, gender and education.

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