scholarly journals Do sit-to-stand performance changes during gait acquisition?

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Alana Maria Ferreira Guimarães Bastos ◽  
Carolina Souza Neves da Costa ◽  
Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Acquisition Period ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
The Relationship

In a child's daily routine, sit-to-stand (STS) is a prerequisite activity for many functional tasks. The relationship between gait and other abilities has been pointed out by many authors, but there is no study investigating the changes in STS during gait acquisition in children. The purpose of this study was to analyse, in healthy children, changes that occur in STS performance during gait acquisition. Five healthy children were initially assessed with an average age of 13.6 months. The kinematics in STS movement performance of the children was evaluated longitudinally during different periods of walking experience: children who have not acquired independent walking, 8.2 (±8.4) days of independent walking experience, and 86.2 (±8.7) days of independent walking experience. At the gait acquisition period we found a significant decrease in the final trunk flexion angle and an increase in amplitude of the trunk flexion. The walking experience may have changed the execution of the STS movement.

Maximum Trunk Flexion Angle during the Sit to Stand Is Not Determined by Knee or Trunk-Hip Extension Strength in Healthy Older Adults

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Lundin ◽  
Dennis W. Jahnigen ◽  
Mark D. Grabiner
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Trunk Extensor

When rising from a chair, older adults have been reported to use a strategy in which the trunk is flexed to a greater extent than young adults, a strategy attributed by some to concerns with the postural stability demands of the task. This study determined the extent to which maximum trunk flexion angle during a self-paced sit-to-stand from a standardized initial position was influenced by the maximum isometric strength of the knee and trunk/hip extensor muscles in older adults. The hypothesis was that the larger maximum trunk flexion angle attained by older adults when rising from a chair is related to the maximum isometric strength of the knee and trunk-hip extensor muscles. To test this hypothesis, maximum voluntary isometric strength of the trunk extensor and knee extensor muscles of 28 older men and women were measured. Trunk motion during the sit-to-stand by these adults was men assessed using motion analysis. Multiple regression was used to characterize the relationship between the maximum trunk flexion angle and maximum isometric knee extensor and trunk extensor muscle strength. The derived relationship was neither statistically significant nor biomechanically meaningful. This result suggests that the trunk flexion angle attained by healthy older adults when rising from a chair from a standardized initial position is not influenced by knee extension and trunk-hip extension strength as measured in the present study.

CHALLENGES OF INTERPRETATION OF GENETIC TEST RESULTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF STUDY OF ENDURANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Elmira Shamsuvaleeva ◽  
Anastasiya Nevmyvaka ◽  
Andrey Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Sport Activity ◽  
Computerized Testing ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Genetic Test Results ◽  
High Level ◽  
Biomedical Education ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of predicting the development of aerobic endurance of athletes through a comparative analysis of the outcomes of genetic and computerized testing. Methods and organization of the research. In our research, we used scientific and methodological literature, as well as the outcomes of competitive activity and genetic analysis of a particular athlete. The total number of survey respondents was 158 people including athletes (n = 85) and coaches (n = 73). Results and discussion. Some authors find the relationship between the ability to develop and manifest endurance and the presence of the appropriate alleles of genes: ACE I, ACNT X, ACNT3 (RX, XX), ADRA2A, AMPDI C, PGC1A Gly, NFATC4, UCP2. Most studies reveal the relationship between the ACE gene and endurance supported by the I allele. Genetic foresight of the possibility of developing aerobic endurance of athletes can become the framework for the application of an individual approach in sport training, and contribute to the development of techniques aimed at the refinement of physical qualities. The modern approach to the coaching and competitive activities of athletes should include both genetic and functional studies of the human body. Conclusion. Sport forecast cannot be based solely on genetic testing results. The presence of polymorphisms in one or more genes associated with sport activity is the platform for good performance in a particular sport, but the actual manifestation of genetic predisposition depends on many factors. These factors include nutrition, daily routine and competent organization of the training process, which requires a high level of theoretical and practical competency of coaches in the field of biomedical education.

086 Sleep midpoint after job loss predicts breakfast skipping patterns

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A36-A36
Author(s):  
Leah Callovini ◽  
Gaby Gubka ◽  
Candace Mayer ◽  
Darlynn Rojo-Wissar ◽  
David Glickenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Loss ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Occupational Transitions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Covariates

Abstract Introduction Few studies have examined circadian phase after job loss, an event that upends daily routine. It is common that a daily routine begins with the consumption of breakfast, and breakfast behavior may contribute to health status in adults. Therefore, we sought to examine whether a later midpoint of sleep was associated with breakfast skipping among adults whose schedules were no longer dictated by employment. Methods Data were obtained from the Assessing Daily Activity Patterns Through Occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study. The sample of 155 participants had involuntarily lost their jobs in the last 90 days. Both cross-sectional and 18-month longitudinal analyses assessed the relationship between sleep midpoint after job loss and current and later breakfast skipping. Assessment periods were 14 days. Sleep was measured via actigraphy, and breakfast skipping was measured via daily diary (1 = had breakfast; 0 = did not have breakfast). The midpoint of sleep was calculated as the circular center based on actigraphy sleep onset and offset times. Results The midpoint of sleep at baseline was negatively associated with breakfast consumption at baseline (B = -.09, SE = .02, p = .000). Also, a later midpoint was associated with breakfast skipping over the next 18 months (estimate = -.08; SE = .02; p = .000). Prospective findings remained significant when adjusting for gender, ethnicity, age, perceived stress, body mass index (BMI), education, and reemployment over time. Education (estimate = 14.26, SE = 6.23, p < .05) and BMI (estimate = -.51, SE = .25, p < .05) were the only significant covariates. No other sleep indices predicted breakfast behavior cross-sectionally or prospectively. Conclusion Consistent with research in adolescents, unemployed adults with a later circadian phase are more likely to skip breakfast more often. Breakfast skipping was also associated with higher BMI. Taken together, these findings provide support for the future testing of sleep/wake scheduling interventions to modify breakfast skipping and potentially mitigate weight gain after job loss. Support (if any) #1R01HL117995-01A1

scholarly journals SINGLE LEG SQUAT COMPENSATIONS ASSOCIATE WITH SOFTBALL PITCHING PATHOMECHANICS IN ADOLESCENT SOFTBALL PITCHERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0006
Author(s):  
Gretchen D. Oliver ◽  
Kenzie B. Friesen ◽  
Regan E. Shaw ◽  
David Shannon ◽  
Jeffrey Dugas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Trunk Rotation ◽  
Lateral Flexion ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Backward Elimination ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Single Leg Squat ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Softball pitchers have an eminent propensity for injury due to the high repetition and ballistic nature of the pitch. As such, trunk pathomechanics during pitching have been associated with upper extremity pain. The single leg squat (SLS) is a simple diagnostic tool used to examine LPHC and trunk stability. Research shows a lack of LPHC stability is often associated with altered pitching mechanics consequently increasing pain and injury susceptibility. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between trunk compensatory kinematics during the SLS and kinematics during foot contact of the windmill pitch. The authors hypothesized there would be a relationship between SLS compensations and pitch kinematics previously associated with injury. In using a simple clinical assessment such as the SLS, athletes, coaches, parents, and clinicians can identify potential risk factors that may predispose the athlete to injurious movement patterns. Methods: Fifty-five youth and high school softball pitchers (12.6±2.2 years, 160.0±11.0 cm, 60.8±15.5 kg) were recruited to participate. Kinematic data were collected at 100Hz using an electromagnetic tracking device. Participants were asked to complete a SLS on their stride leg (contralateral to their throwing arm), then throw 3 fastballs at maximal effort. Values of trunk flexion, trunk lateral flexion, and trunk rotation at peak depth of the SLS were used as the dependent variables in three separate backward elimination regression analyses. Independent variables examined at foot contact of the pitch included: trunk flexion, trunk lateral flexion, trunk rotation, center of mass, stride length, and stride knee valgus. Results: The SLS trunk rotation regression, F(1,56) = 4.980, p = .030, revealed trunk flexion significantly predicted SLS trunk rotation (SE = .068, t = 2.232, p = .030) and explained approximately 7% of variance (Adj. R2 = .066). The SLS trunk flexion regression, F(1,56) = 5.755, p = .020, revealed stride knee valgus significantly predicted SLS trunk flexion (SE = .256, t = 2.399, p = .020) and explained approximately 8% of variance (Adj. R2 = .078). Conclusion/Significance: Additional trunk rotation and trunk flexion at peak depth of the SLS indicate increased knee valgus and trunk flexion at foot contact of the pitch, both of which suggest poor LPHC stability, may increase the potential for injury. Athletes, coaches and clinicians should acknowledge the risk of poor LPHC in softball pitching and implement exercises to improve LPHC stability in effort to decrease pitching pathomechanics and associated pain.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Sit-to-Stand Movement: A Review

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 866-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim GM Janssen ◽  
Hans BJ Bussmann ◽  
Henk J Stam
Keyword(s):  
Citation Index ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Seat Height ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Lower Maximum ◽  
Foot Position ◽  
Science Citation Index Expanded ◽  
Height Use

Abstract Background and Purpose. The sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a skill that helps determine the functional level of a person. Assessment of the STS movement has been done using quantitative and semiquantitative techniques. The purposes of this study were to identify the determinants of the STS movement and to describe their influence on the performance of the STS movement. Methods. A search was made using MEDLINE (1980–2001) and the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Institute for Scientific Information (1988–2001) using the key words “chair,” “mobility,” “rising,” “sit-to-stand,” and “standing.” Relevant references such as textbooks, presentations, and reports also were included. Of the 160 identified studies, only those in which the determinants of STS movement performance were examined using an experimental setup (n=39) were included in this review. Results. The literature indicates that chair seat height, use of armrests, and foot position have a major influence on the ability to do an STS movement. Using a higher chair seat resulted in lower moments at knee level (up to 60%) and hip level (up to 50%); lowering the chair seat increased the need for momentum generation or repositioning of the feet to lower the needed moments. Using the armrests lowered the moments needed at the hip by 50%, probably without influencing the range of motion of the joints. Repositioning of feet influenced the strategy of the STS movement, enabling lower maximum mean extension moments at the hip (148.8 N·m versus 32.7 N·m when the foot position changed from anterior to posterior). Discussion and Conclusion. The ability to do an STS movement, according to the research reviewed, is strongly influenced by the height of the chair seat, use of armrests, and foot position. More study of the interaction among the different determinants is needed. Failing to account for these variables may lead to erroneous measurements of changes in STS performance.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular septal defect haemodynamics

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Vesna Miranovic
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Septal Defect ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an opening in the interventricular septum. 30-50% of patients with congenital heart disease have VSD. Objective The aim of the study was to determine the dependence of the left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVD), left ventricular systolic dimension (LVS), shortening fraction (SF), left atrium (LA), pulmonary artery truncus (TPA) on the body surface and compare their values among experimental, control and a group of healthy children. Values of maximal systolic gradient pressure (Pvsd) of VSD were compared with children from one experimental and control group. Method Children were divided into three groups: experimental (32 children with VSD that were to go to surgery), control (20 children with VSD who did not require surgery) and 40 healthy children. Measurements of LVD, LVS, SF, LA, TPA were performed in accordance to recommendations of the American Echocardiographic Association. The value of Pvsd was calculated from the maximal flow velocity (V) in VSD using the following formula: Pvsd=4xV? (mm Hg). Results For children from the experimental group, the relationship between the body surface and the variability of the LVD was explained with 56.85%, LVS with 66.15%, SF with 4.9%, TPA with 58.92%. For children from the control group, the relationship between the body surface and the variability of LVD was explained with 88.8%, LVS with 72.5%, SF with 0.42%, PA with 58.92%. For healthy children, the relationship between the body surface and the variabilitiy of the LVD was explained with 88.8%, LVS with 88.78%, SF with 5.25% and PA with 84.75%. There was a significant statistical difference between average values of Pvsd in the experimental and control group (p<0.02). Conclusion The presence of the large VSD has an influence on the enlargement of LVD, LVS, SF, TPA. The enlargement of the size of the pulmonary artery depends on the presence of VSD and there is a direct variation in the magnitude of the shunt. There is a relationship and significant dependence of the LVS and LVD on the body surface. There is no statistically significant dependence between SF and body surface.

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