scholarly journals Persistent cutaneous canine leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in an area with predominance of Nyssomyia neivai in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Author(s):  
André Antonio Cutolo ◽  
Gabriela Motoie ◽  
Ingrid Menz ◽  
Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola

Abstract American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a neglected zoonotic disease caused mainly by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, which is endemic throughout Brazil. Canine ACL cases were investigated in a rural area of Monte Mor, São Paulo, where a human ACL case had been confirmed. Dogs were evaluated through clinical and laboratory diagnosis including serology, cytological tissue preparations and PCR on skin lesions, lymph node and bone marrow samples. Entomological investigations on sandflies trapped in the surroundings of the study area were performed for 14 months. Nyssomyia neivai was the predominant phlebotomine species, comprising 94.65% of the captured specimens (832 out of 879). This species was the most abundant in all trapping sites, including human homes and dog shelters. Ny. whitmani, Migonemyia migonei, Pintomyia monticola, Evandromyia cortellezzii, Pi. fischeri and Expapilata firmatoi were also captured. Two of the three dogs examined were positive for anti-Leishmania IgG in ELISA using the antigen Fucose mannose ligand and skin samples were positive for L. (V.) braziliensis in PCR, but all the samples collected were negative for L. (L.) infantum. One of the dogs had a confirmed persistent infection for more than one year.

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Aparecida Zampieri D’Andrea ◽  
Elivelton da Silva Fonseca ◽  
Luiz Euribel Prestes-Carneiro ◽  
Raul Borges Guimarães ◽  
Renata Corrêa Yamashita ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiza Penariol ◽  
Hermione Elly Melara de Campos Bicudo ◽  
Lilian Madi-Ravazzi

The use of open or closed traps in order to standardize the drosophilid collection is still a matter of discussion among researchers. In this paper, comparative data of drosophilid collections, using open and closed traps are presented. The collections were made monthly, during one year, in one fragment of a semidecidual forest located in the São Paulo State, Brazil. The efficiency of the traps was evaluated by the use of community descriptors: population abundance and richness and diversity of species. Closed traps were more efficient than the open ones in relation to the population abundance and the species richness, indicating their adequacy for standardization of drosophilid collection in studies of biodiversity and seasonality.


2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Zucatto ◽  
M.C.C. Aquino ◽  
S.V. Inácio ◽  
R.N. Figueiredo ◽  
J.C. Pierucci ◽  
...  

Considering the proximity of sheep farmers to animals that are possibly diseased or releasing fecal oocysts into the environment and the marked pathogenicity in lambs, the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and to molecularly characterize the infection by Cryptosporidium spp. in lambs in the South Central region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 193 fecal samples were collected from sheep of several breeds, males and females, aged up to one year. Polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) was used to amplify DNA fragments from the subunit 18S rRNA gene and indicated 15% positivity; sequencing of amplified fragments was possible for 19 samples. Analysis of the obtained sequences showed that the identified species were Cryptosporidium xiaoi for 15 samples, constituting thus the first molecular characterization study of this Cryptosporidium species in Brazil. Cryptosporidium ubiquitum was identified for three samples and Cryptosporidium meleagridis for one sample; the latter two are considered zoonotic species.


2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Isabel Giuli da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena ◽  
Sérgio Santos Azevedo ◽  
Marcelo Bahia Labruna ◽  
Solange Maria Gennari

Abstract Occurrences of gastrointestinal parasites were assessed in fecal samples from 3,099 dogs in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, SP, that were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of São Paulo Veterinary School. The samples were analyzed using the flotation and centrifugal sedimentation methods. The results were compared with those from previous studies (at different times). The frequency of each parasite was correlated with the dogs’ ages, breeds and gender, as well as the occurrences of diarrhea and the use of anthelmintics, by means of the chi-square or Fisher exact test. Partitioned chi-square tests were used to compare occurrences of each parasite and the times analyzed. Out of the total number of samples, 20.5% were positive and 16.1% (102/635) of these presented more than one genus of parasites. Ancylostoma spp. (7.1%) and Giardia spp. (5.5%) were the most frequent helminths and protozoa, respectively. Ancylostoma spp. was associated (p<0.05) with age (over one year), mixed breeds, sex (male) and no use of anthelmintics. Dogs under one year and mixed breeds were associated with occurrences of Toxocara canis; and younger dogs with Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora spp. Giardia spp. were also associated with dogs with a defined breed (p<0.05). All the parasites analyzed presented lower incidence in the last period analyzed than in the previous periods.


2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. A485-A485
Author(s):  
J. E. Tolezano ◽  
H. H. Taniguchi ◽  
J. A. R. Barbosa ◽  
M. C. Bisugo ◽  
M. F. L. Araujo ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Monize Secomandi Mestriner ◽  
Aparecida Sílvia Mellin ◽  
Aline Lopes da Silva

ABSTRACTObjective: identifying the incident of breastfeeding and causes of precocious wean among mothers from Brazil’s Unified National Health System (SUS) ambulatory. Methodology: descriptive study, from cross-sectional boarding. The primary data were carried through interviews of 25 mothers with the use of a prepared script, they were the total amount of presence on the waiting room of child care ambulatory of a University Hospital in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in March 2007. It was applied a convenience sampling using the presence on consultation of child less than one year old. The collected data was analyzed on basis of the resources of the descriptive statistic. Results: the age group of the mothers varied between 17 and 42 years, predominantly low schooling, 13 of them (52,0 %) less than eight years of study, characteristic waited for the resident population in the area around to the hospital. Twelve of then were already mothers and they have previously breast-feeding experience. During the interview 14 were breast-feeding with precocious introduction of foods in eight cases (57,1%). Alleged motives for wean were little milk, in the majority form. Most of then (92,0%) received directions on breastfeeding after child birth and 14 (60,9%) during the prenatal period, which indicates that necessarily, both ways of instruction doesn’t achieved the expected effects. Conclusions: In spite of the instructions of the health professionals there were wean before the sixth month of 72,7 % and schooling and occupation were not significant factors for wean. Descriptors: breastfeeding; wean; maternal and child health.RESUMOObjetivos: identificar a ocorrência de amamentação e causas de desmame precoce entre mães usuárias do ambulatório do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (SUS). Metodologia: estudo descritivo, de caráter transversal, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas dirigidas por roteiro estruturado, aplicados a 25 mães, em sala de espera do ambulatório de puericultura de Hospital Universitário de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, em março de 2007. Foi usada a amostragem por conveniência, sendo critério de inclusão a presença em consulta de menores de um ano. Os dados coletados foram analisados com base na estatística descritiva. Resultados: a faixa etária das mães variou entre 17 e 42 anos, escolaridade predominantemente baixa, 13 delas (52,0%) com até oito anos de estudo, característica esperada para a população residente na área adstrita ao hospital. Doze eram multíparas e amamentaram anteriormente. Durante a entrevista, 14 amamentavam com introdução precoce de alimentos em oito casos (57,1%). Dos motivos alegados para o desmame, o de “pouco leite” foi maior. A maioria (92,0%) recebeu orientações sobre amamentação no pós-parto e 14 (60,9%) no pré-natal, o que indica que necessariamente estas não surtiram os efeitos esperados. Conclusões: A despeito da orientação dos serviços de saúde houve desmame antes do sexto mês 72,7%, sendo que escolaridade e ocupação não foram fatores significativos para o desmame. Descritores: aleitamento materno; desmame; saúde materno-infantil.RESUMENObjetivos: identificar ocurrencia de lactación y motivos del destete precoz entre mães usuárias do ambulatório do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (SUS). Metodología: estudio descritivo de carater transversal. Los datos primarios han sido colectados por medio de entrevistas, dirigidas por guión, aplicadas a 25 madres, la totalidad de las presentes en sala de espera de ambulatorio de puericultura del Hospital Universitario de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, en marzo de 2007. Ha sido usada muestra por conveniencia, y ha sido criterio de inclusión, la presencia en consulta de menores de un año. Los datos colectados han sido analizados, basados en los recursos de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: la edad de las madres ha variado entre 17 y 42 años, de escolaridad baja, 13 de ellas (52,0%) con ocho años de estudio, característica esperada para la población residente en el área junto al hospital. Durante la entrevista, 14 amamantaban con introducción precoz de alimentos, en ocho casos (57,1%). De los motivos alegados para el destete, el de “poca leche”, ha sido el prioritario. La mayoría (92,0%) ha recibido orientaciones sobre lactación en el sobreparto y 14 (60,9%) en el prenatal, lo que indica que necesariamente, estas no han surtido los efectos esperados. Conclusiones: Respecto a la orientación de los servicios de salud ha habido el destete antes del sexto mes 72,7%, pero la escolaridad y la ocupación no han sido factores significantes para el destete. Descriptores: lactación materna; destete; salud materna infantil.


1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Navajas Corbisier

Species composition, faunal density, species diversity and zonation patterns of benthic macrofauna, as well as its relation to sediment characteristics were examined and compared in three sandy beaches on the polyhaline area at Santos estuarine system in the State of São Paulo. Samples were collected quarterly during one year (July/1977 - May/1978). Low, mean and high intertidal levels were sampled. Polyehaetes dominated the fauna, both in terms of numbers of species and numbers of individuals. The community structure of Ponta da Praia beach was characterized by high density, low diversity (H') and evenness (J'), due to the dominance of the spionid Scolelepis squamata. At Vicente de Carvalho the fauna was characterized by the dominance of the polyehaetes Laeonereis acuta and Capitella capitata and presented low density, high diversity and evenness. At Bertioga Channel, intermediate values were observed and the fauna was dominated by Scololepis squamata andLaeonereis acuta. The sediment texture was responsible for those figures, although some differences in diversity may be explained by differences in wave energy. The low number of crustaceans and molluscs suggests the effect of the estuarine pollution upon the fauna. The zonation pattern of both species distribution and community structure differed at the studied sites; it was not correlated with sediment characteristics which were relatively uniform down shore; however, the lowest diversity was observed at the high level in all sites.


2015 ◽  
Vol 359 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Glaucia Akiko Kamikado Pivi ◽  
Elizabeth Suchi Chen ◽  
Marilia Cardoso Smith ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci

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