scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity and bioautographic study of antistaphylococcal components from Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tull.

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Marcos Saraiva ◽  
Cristiane Lopes Saraiva ◽  
Admário Marques Gonçalves ◽  
Rogério Ribeiro Soares ◽  
Fabrício de Oliveira Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Multiresistant Strains ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The antimicrobial activity of dry methanol and ethyl acetate extracts for the leaves, bark of the stem, peel of the root, flower, fruit and seed of Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tull. (catingueira) was performed against seventeen isolates of Staphylococcus aureus MRSA multiresistant strains, which included two isolates of S. aureus MSSA and two ATCC strains. The antimicrobial activity was tested by the agar diffusion method and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined. The dry methanol extract of the root showed good antimicrobial activity with a MIC of less than 0.5 mg.mL-1. The dry ethyl acetate extracts exhibited lower antimicrobial activity, which might be explained by solubility problems and less diffusion in the agar medium. Results of the bioautographies also confirmed inhibition halos corresponding to the active substances present in the leaves, as well as in the flower of C. pyramidalis. The phytochemical study of the leaves, bark of the stem, peel of the root, flower and fruit of extracts from C. pyramidalis confirmed the presence of a number of known antimicrobial agents including ursolic acid, quercetin, catechin, ellagic acid, sitosterol, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and gallic acid.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves and Flowers of Cassia auriculata linn

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Subhadradevi ◽  
K Asokkumar ◽  
M Umamaheswari ◽  
AT Sivashanmugam ◽  
JR Ushanandhini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cassia Auriculata ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ancient Times

Since ancient times plant as sources of medicinal compounds have continued to play a dominant role in the maintenance of human health. To treat chronic and infectious diseases plants used in traditional medicine contain a wide range of ingredients. In this regard, Cassia auriculata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine as a tonic, astringent and as a remedy for diabetes, conjunctivitis, ulcers, leprosy, skin and liver diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia auriculata leaves and flowers (CALE & CAFE). CALE and CAFE exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and exhibited no antifungal activity against standard strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was carried out for CALE and CAFE. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the CALE and CAFE can be a potential source of natural antimicrobial agents. Key words: Cassia auriculata; Antimicrobial activity; Agar well diffusion method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9600 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 513-518

scholarly journals Screening Of Antibacterial Activity Of Nepeta Ciliaris Benth. Against Respiratory Tract Pathogens

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Shiv Shankar ◽  
M Navneet ◽  
Kumar Sanjay ◽  
M Prabhat
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

The aim of present study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of various extracts (petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and aqueous) of Nepeta ciliaris against selected respiratory tract pathogens. The extracts from the aerial parts of N. ciliaris at concentration of 200 mg/ml were screened against three gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 1144, Streptococcus pneumoniae MTCC 655 and Streptococcus pyogenes MTCC 442) and one gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2474) bacterial pathogens. The agar well diffusion method was adopted to examine antibacterial and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of most effective extracts against the susceptible bacteria. Erythromycin was used as positive control to determine the sensitivity of the strains. Out of the four bacterial species tested, S. pneumoniae was the most susceptible. The acetone extract exhibited maximum activity against all the tested microorganisms while methanol extract showed activity against P. aeruginosa. The MIC values ranged from 40 to 50 mg/ml for all the organisms. The N. ciliaris is potentially a good source of antimicrobial agents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6049 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 100-103

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Cyperus rotundus Leaf Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
EO Agbo ◽  
JO Ogenyi ◽  
CA Adah ◽  
CT Agber
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Study Results

Cyperus rotundus, a member of family Cyperaceae is a perennial, stoloniferous herb. The study investigated the secondary metabolites present in the leaf of Cyperus rotundus and antimicrobial activities of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. The qualitative test of the extracts show the presence of steroid only in the hexane extract; flavonoid, cardiac glycoside in both the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts; saponin and tannin and phenolics in just the methanol extract. While alkaloid was present in all the extracts, terpenoid was absent in all. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts were monitored using the agar disk-diffusion method against strains gram-positive bacterial: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, and strains of fungi: Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was monitored at different concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL prepared from the stock concentration (100mg/mL) by serial dilution; with standard drugs: ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. The inhibition of the test organisms were concentration dependent. The methanol extract showed significantly higher Inhibition Zone (IZ) and Activity Index (AI) against the microbes at all concentrations compared to the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts due to the much phytochemicals (saponins, tanins, phenols, flavonoids, cardiac glycocides and alkaloids) found present in its extract. The overall study results signify the potential of Cyperus rotundus as a source of therapeutic agents. The methanol extract showed the best activity against both bacterial and fungal pathogens at the highest concentration of 100 mg/mL, especially the most susceptible bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (IZ of 25.0±1.5; AI of 0.96) and Candida albicans (IZ of 25.5±0.5; AI of 0.91). At MIC, MBC and MFC of 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, the plant extracts showed effective bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the test microbes.

scholarly journals <i>In-vitro</i> antibacterial sensitivity of <i>Usnea barbata</i> lichen extracted with methanol and ethyl-acetate against selected <i>Staphylococcus</i> species from milk of cows with mastitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrobowansan Monday Idamokoro ◽  
Patrick Julius Masika ◽  
Voster Muchenje ◽  
Daniel Falta ◽  
Ezekiel Green
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Abstract. This study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial potential of Usnea barbata lichen as a medicinal plant against selected Staphylococcus species isolated from raw milk of cows. In-vitro screening of methanol and ethyl-acetate extracts from Usnea barbata lichen were evaluated to determine their antimicrobial activity against thirteen different Staphylococcus species. The selected organisms were isolated from raw bovine milk and identified using several biochemical tests and confirmed with API staph kit. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts were evaluated using both the agar well diffusion method (at 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml) and the broth micro-dilution technique to determine the mean zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively. Both the methanol and ethyl-acetate extracts showed variable antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus species with mean zones of inhibition ranging from 0-34 mm in diameter at 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml, respectively. Susceptibility by the Staphylococcus species tested in the methanol and the ethyl-acetate extract was 92.31 % and 53.85 %, respectively. The MIC result for the methanol extract ranged from 0.04 to 10 mg/ml, while that of the ethyl-acetate extract ranged from 0.16 to 5 mg/ml. Results from this study revealed the in vitro microbial activity of Usnea barbata extracts which indicate its potential as a medicinal plant.

Antimicrobial potentials, phytochemical screening and determination of bioactive compounds from Three Indian folk medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vanitha ◽  
S. Vijayakumar ◽  
S. Rajalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ft Ir

Aim: To investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of various solvents leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos, Plumbago zeylanica and Rhinacanthus nasutus against human pathogenic organisms such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella enteriditis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus fumigatous by agar well diffusion method. Background: Also, this is the first time report on MIC and MBC/MFC activities and identify the phytochemicals and functional groups using HPLC, GC-MS and FT-IR analysis. Objective: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC/MFC) values were also carried out by the micro dilution method. Methods: Ethyl acetate extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, especially for S. pneumoniae (40 mm) followed by ethyl acetate extract of R. nasutus (36 mm) against S. pneumoniae. While least inhibition was observed for aqueous extract of P.zeylanica against S. enteritis (10 mm). Results: The MIC ranged from 3.75 µg/ml to 60µg/ml and MBC/MFC 7.5 µg/ml to 60 µg/ml. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenolics and cardiac glycoside in all samples of selected plant extracts. Tannins, phenolics and glycoside were found only in the ethyl acetate extract of P.zeylanica. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica exposed ten major peaks and eleven compounds respectively. Chemical nature of the leaf extract was analysed by FT-IR spectrum. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity than other extracts as well as standard drugs. Therefore, this plant could be studied in detail for the identification of active biomolecules for antimicrobial agents.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Urtica simensis Hochst. ex. A. Rich. (Urticaceae) Leaves against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Fentaye Kassa ◽  
Teshome Nedi ◽  
Aklilu Feleke ◽  
Tadesse Eguale ◽  
Haile Alemayehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of infectious diseases since a long time. Urtica simensisHochst. ex. A. Rich. is one of the endemic medicinal plants used for the treatment of bacterial and fungalinfections in Ethiopian folklore medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activityof 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of U. simensis. The 80% methanol extract wasprepared by maceration and the solvent fractions were obtained by successive fractionation of the 80%methanol extract with chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and distilled water. The antimicrobial activity ofthe extracts was evaluated on eight bacterial and two fungal species using agar well diffusion method atconcentrations of 200, 400 and 800 mg/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined bybroth microdilution method. From the gram positive bacteria tested, the most susceptible species wasStreptococcus pneumoniae (MIC of 1.36 mg/ml), while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Aspergillus niger weremost susceptible gram negative bacterial and fungal species with MIC values of 2.54 and 3.13 mg/ml,respectively. The least values of MIC, MBC and MFC were 1.36, 5.21 and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. Resultsof the present study revealed that the 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions, of the leaves of U.simensis, with the exception of the aqueous fraction, possess activity against the growth of selected pathogenic bacterial and fungal species. Among the solvent fractions, the n-butanol fraction was the most active fraction against the gram positive bacteria tested, while the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction against the other tested organisms. Further studies are needed to isolate the active principles, elucidate the mechanism of antimicrobial action, determine in vivo antimicrobial activity and effect of the extracts on other pathogens including clinical isolates.

scholarly journals Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extracts from Leaves of SomeMalus domesticaCultivars: Antiradical and Antimicrobial Analysis of These Extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Sowa ◽  
Grażyna Zgórka ◽  
Aleksandra Szykuła ◽  
Roman Franiczek ◽  
Beata Żbikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

In this study, methanol, ethyl acetate, water extracts, and precipitate were obtained from leaves ofMalus domesticacultivars: Golden delicious, Jonagold, Elstar, Ligol, and Mutsu. Antiradical activity of these extracts was measured using theABTS+∙radical, and antimicrobial activity was measured with the disk-diffusion method. Phenolic compounds were measured with the colorimetric method and identified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest antiradical activity was observed for the Jonagold variety, and in particular strong activity was noted for ethyl acetate extracts. Antimicrobial activity was observed against strains ofStaphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis, and the fungusCandida glabrata. Particularly susceptible to the extracts activity appeared to beStaphylococcus aureus, but the growth ofCandida glabratawas inhibited in the presence of ethyl acetate extracts. With the HPLC method we identified a high amount of phloridzin (above 500 mg per g of ethyl acetate extracts), lower amounts of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin, and traces ofp-hydroxybenzoic and chlorogenic acids. The contribution of phloridzin to antiradical activity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts was very high (above 90%). In water extract the contribution of phloridzin was between 38.9 and 55.2%, chlorogenic acid 22.7 and 36.1%, and hyperoside 12.2 and 13.3%.

scholarly journals Determination of the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects and ‘Quorum Sensing’ inhibition potentials of Castanea sativa Mill. extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Saliha EKŞİ ◽  
Ülkü Zeynep ÜREYEN ESERTAŞ ◽  
Ali Osman KILIÇ ◽  
Nebahat EJDER ◽  
Barış UZUNOK
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Pao1 Strain

The rapid rise of resistance causes existing antibiotics to become dysfunctional. Therefore, search for new antimicrobial active ingredients has increased in recent years. In this study, flower extracts of Castanea sativa were examined for antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing aspects. The antimicrobial properties of methanol, ethyl acetate, ethanol and hexane extracts of C. sativa against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species, as well as yeasts (Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis) were investigated by the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of C. sativa extracts were also determined. Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, C. violaceum 35352, C. violaceum VIR07 and C. violaceum CV026 indicator strains were used for determination of the quorum sensing inhibitions, and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain was used for the swarming tests. Additionally, biofilm inhibition was detected by the spectrophotometric method using the P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain. Methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of C. sativa was found to have high antibacterial and antifungal effects, while the methanol extract also had anti-quorum sensing, anti- swarming and biofilm inhibition effects, but no activity was found in the n- hexane extract. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report revealed that methanol extract obtained from C. sativa flowers induced anti-quorum sensing activities mainly inhibited the violacein production, swarming and biofilm formation. The present investigation provided evidence that the C. sativa flower extract maybe a potential source of antimicrobial agents. Therefore, much attention should be paid to C. sativa flower content, which could be used with high efficacy against microorganisms.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Divaricatic Acid Isolated from the Lichen Evernia mesomorpha against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Oh ◽  
Yi Kim ◽  
Hyo-Seung Gang ◽  
Jin Han ◽  
Hyung-Ho Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

One hundred and seventy seven acetone extracts of lichen and 258 ethyl acetate extracts of cultured lichen-forming fungi (LFF) were screened for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium using a disk diffusion method. Divaricatic acid was isolated from Evernia mesomorpha and identified by LC-MS, 1H-, 13C- and DEPT-NMR. Purified divaricatic acid was effective against Gram + bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecium, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 7.0 to 64.0 μg/mL, whereas vancomycin was effective in the MICs ranging from 0.78 to 25.0 μg/mL. Interestingly, the antibacterial activity of divaricatic acid was higher than vancomycin against S. epidermidis and E. faecium, and divaricatic acid was active against Candida albicans. In addition, divaricatic acid was active as vancomycin against S. aureus (3A048; an MRSA). These results suggested that divaricatic acid is a potential antimicrobial agent for the treatment of MRSA infections.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ANTHOCEPLALUS CADAMBA AND SCIRPUS KYSOOR ROXB. AGAINST FOOD PATHOGENS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemangi Datar ◽  
Ajit Datar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Food Pathogens ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba

Objective: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ripened and unripened fruits of Anthocephalus cadamba and Scirpus kysoor Roxb. tuber against food pathogens.Methods: Different solvent extracts of Anthocephalus cadamba fruits and Scirpus kysoor Roxb. tubers were screened for its antimicrobial activity against Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial cultures by agar well diffusion method as well as by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). MIC was carried out by broth microdilution method.Results: All the plant materials exhibit antimicrobial activity. Among all plant materials, macerated ethyl acetate extract of Scirpus kysoor Roxb. tuber showed lowest MIC against Bacillus Cereus 0.312 mg/ml. In the case of ripened Anthocephalus cadamba fruits, macerated ethanol extract was found to be more potent whereas in the case of unripened Anthocephalus cadamba fruit macerated ethyl acetate extract was found to be more active on the basis of MIC.Conclusion: This study revealed that all the plant materials possess significant antimicrobial activity against food pathogens hence may be used as a source of safe herbal antimicrobial agent.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document