scholarly journals Can a one-sampling campaign produce robust results for water quality monitoring? A case of study in Itupararanga reservoir, SP, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Guilherme de Souza Beghelli ◽  
Marcelo Luiz Martins Pompêo ◽  
Mônica Páscoli ◽  
Vivian Silva Lira ◽  
Renata de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to conduct a rapid and comprehensive analysis of the reservoir using physical, chemical and biological variables comprising water and sediment as also to verify if a one-sampling campaign can produce information that is robust enough for monitoring purposes. Methods One-sampling campaign was performed along the central body of Itupararanga reservoir comprising five sampling points. The following physico-chemical and biological variables were measured in each of them from water samples: temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity, suspended matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus and fecal coliforms. A genotoxicity assay with Allium cepa was also performed with water from each one of the five sampling points. As a complement, the phytoplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates communities were also analyzed in the two most distant sampling points (P1 and P5). Results Results indicate a scenario with eutrophication and toxicity. High concentrations of fecal coliforms were recorded and there is a worrying prevalence of cyanobacteria - potential toxin producers - in phytoplankton community. Benthic macroinvertebrates analysis suggests poor quality of the water and sediments. Genotoxicity tests suggest the presence of toxic substances along the waterbody. Conclusions It is concluded that Itupararanga reservoir has water with poor quality that could be related to the land uses around the reservoir. The comprehensive approach performed here - where distinct sources of monitoring variables was considered - despite the rapid protocol (one campaign), was enough to respond to the distinct anthropic impacts received by the reservoir. Considering it, this approach is recommended as a rapid diagnostic tool.

Nutrient Losses and N & P Balances in Small Agricultural Watersheds in Estonia

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvo lital ◽  
Enn Loigu ◽  
Nils Vagstad
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Agricultural Watersheds ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Nutrient Balances ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Runoff Regime

The paper deals with nutrient runoff monitoring results and calculated nutrient budgets on catchment level in small agricultural watersheds in Estonia. A special programme for monitoring of nutrient losses was initiated and a network of monitoring stations, equipped with data-loggers and suitable devices for continuous flow measurement and flow-proportional automatic water sampling were established in Estonia in the mid-1990s. The research methodology is harmonized with the Nordic countries as well as with the other Baltic countries. The results indicate that nutrients losses are relatively low (generally below 11 kg N/ha and 0.9 kg P/ha). It can be partly explained by drastic changes in the Estonian agricultural practice in the 1990s but also by differences in runoff regime. Nutrient balances were calculated for two catchments, based on the data collected from the farms, some special studies and water quality monitoring results in two watersheds in 1995 (1999) - 2001. The nutrient balances for the catchments turned positive after being negative both for nitrogen and phosphorus in the mid-1990s.

Potential Contribution of Nutrients and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Creeks of Cootes Paradise Marsh

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Chow-Fraser ◽  
Barb Crosbie ◽  
Douglas Bryant ◽  
Brian McCarry
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract During the summer of 1994, we compared the physical and nutrient characteristics of the three main tributaries of Cootes Paradise: Spencer, Chedoke and Borer’s creeks. On all sampling occasions, concentrations of CHL α and nutrients were always lowest in Borer’s Creek and highest in Chedoke Creek. There were generally 10-fold higher CHL α concentrations and 2 to 10 times higher levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in Chedoke Creek compared with Spencer Creek. Despite this, the light environment did not differ significantly between Spencer and Chedoke creeks because the low algal biomass in Spencer Creek was balanced by a relatively high loading of inorganic sediments from the watershed. Laboratory experiments indicated that sediments from Chedoke Creek released up to 10 µg/g of soluble phosphorus per gram (dry weight) of sediment, compared with only 2 µg/g from Spencer Creek. By contrast, sediment samples from Spencer Creek contained levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that were as high as or higher than those from Chedoke Creek, and much higher than those found in Borer’s Creek. The distribution of normalized PAH concentrations suggests a common source of PAHs in all three tributaries, most likely automobile exhaust, since there were high concentrations of fluoranthene and pyrene, both of which are derivatives of engine combustion.

Bacterioplankton, Phytoplankton, and Zooplankton Communities in a British Columbia Coastal Lake Before and After Nutrient Reduction

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1504-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Joan Hardy ◽  
Ken S. Shortreed ◽  
John G. Stockner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations

Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were applied weekly during the growing season from 1980 to 1982 and twice weekly in 1983 to Hobiton Lake, a warm monomictic coastal lake in British Columbia. The lake was not fertilized in 1984. Average numbers of bacteria during the growing season decreased from a high of 1.53 × 106∙mL−1 in the fertilized condition to 0.84 × 106∙mL−1 in the unfertilized condition. Chlorophyll a concentrations decreased from a maximum seasonal average of 2.69 μg∙L−1 (1981) to 1.30 μg∙L−1 (1984), and algal numbers decreased from 5.83 × 104∙mL−1 (1983) to 2.29 × 104∙mL−1 (1984). Although the numbers of phytoplankton in each size fraction (picoplankton, nanoplankton, or microplankton) decreased in the unfertilized condition, the greatest change was an almost fourfold decrease in picoplankton, which consisted of 90% cyanobacteria (primarily Synechococcus spp.). Abundance of the large diatoms Rhizosolenia spp. and Melosira spp. increased in 1984, resulting in an increase in average seasonal algal volume. Average densities of medium (0.15–0.84 mm) and large (0.85–1.5 mm) zooplankton were greatest in 1982, while rotifers and small zooplankton (0.10–0.14 mm) were most dense in 1984 following nutrient reduction. The lake had relatively high concentrations of planktivorous juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that appeared to minimize any direct effect of nutrient additions on zooplankton densities.

VERMICOMPOSTING TECHNOLOGY FOR STABILIZING THE SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM RURAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lina Cardoso ◽  
C. Esperanza Ramírez ◽  
E. Violeta Escalante
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sludge Management

There are problems associated with sludge management in small treatment plants (<10 L/s) located in rural communities, due to costly conventional technology for sludge stabilization. Many of these plants have only sludge drying beds. Mexican Institute of Water Technology has proposed developing suitable low-cost technologies, one of which is vermicomposting a biodegradation system using earthworms of the species Eisenia foetida (earthworm) which stabilize sludge and reduce its pathogenicity. The objective of this work is to present two case studies where vermicomposting technology has been applied in Mexico. The first study corresponds to a plant where 4.8 m3/month of sludge are produced; for these wastes, a vermicomposting system was built and installed. The second study is a treatment plant where 9 m3/month of sludge are produced; experimental tests were conducted with sludge and water hyacinth and a vermicomposting system was designed. The vermicomposts were analyzed using parameters defined by Mexican standards. In regards to stabilization, TVS was reduced by 38% and the microbiological quality of the vermicompost was Class A and B, with a reduction in fecal coliforms and Helminth eggs according to NOM-004-SEMARNAT-2002. A CRETI (Corrosivity, Reactivity, Explosivity, Toxicity and Ignitability) analysis (NOM-052-SEMARNAT-2005) was used to show that the process reduced the concentration of releasable sulfides. The agronomic quality of the vermicompost exhibited a high content of organic matter comparable to many organic manures and high content of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. It is concluded that it is possible to improve the conditions of sewage sludge management in small plants of rural communities with a minimum investment (less than $10,000.00 USD) and with a requirement of a minimum area of 60 to 70 m2 for a production of less than 9 m3/month of dehydrated sludge (80% humidity).

scholarly journals Stream Restoration for Legacy Sediments at Gramies Run, Maryland: Early Lessons from Implementation, Water Quality Monitoring, and Soil Health

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2164
Author(s):  
Katie Mattern ◽  
Alyssa Lutgen ◽  
Nathan Sienkiewicz ◽  
Grant Jiang ◽  
Jinjun Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Riparian Trees

While stream restorations are increasingly being adopted to mitigate sediment and nutrient inputs and to meet water quality regulatory targets, less information is available on the drivers behind the design, implementation, effectiveness, and cost of restorations. We address these issues for a $4.2 million stream restoration for legacy sediments implemented for a rural Piedmont stream in Maryland, USA. A total of 1668 m of stream was restored in three phases, which included the partial removal of legacy sediments, the grading of streambanks, floodplain creation, channel reshaping with meanders and pool-riffle forms, the raising of the stream bed, and the planting of riparian vegetation. The sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and fluxes were monitored before- and during the restoration phases. The sites selected for restoration had legacy sediments vulnerable to erosion and were on state-owned land. The restoration design was based on the need to maintain mature riparian trees and preserve existing sensitive wetland habitats. Water quality monitoring indicated that the sediment and nutrient fluxes increased during the restoration phase and were attributed to disturbance associated with construction activities and increased runoff. We also recommend that soil health needs to be included as an integral component to enhance the effectiveness and resilience of stream restorations.

scholarly journals Environmental Performances and Biological Toxicity of Snowpack Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4967-4971
Keyword(s):  
Reference Class ◽  
Biological Toxicity ◽  
Snow Covered Area ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Medium Toxicity ◽  
Very High ◽  
Snow Samples

This work analyzes the state of snowpack in Nizhny Novgorod on the basis of certain chemical performances and integral biological toxicity. Snow samples were obtained in February 2018 along major highways of Nizhny Novgorod. A snow-covered area in Dubrava forestry was selected as reference. The studies demonstrated that the snowpack was characterized by very high concentrations of chlorides and sulfides: in sampling points of the Lower City, the content of chlorides and sulfates varied in the ranges of 24.67–62.36 mg/l and 30.16–62.09 mg/l, respectively, and in sampling points of the Upper City, this variability was 416.82–988.45 mg/l and 280.11–879.22 mg/l, respectively. The content of lead in snowpack in both the Lower City and the Upper City was approximately the same (0.0053 and 0.0048 mg/l). The minimum content of pollutants in snow samples from reference site was characterized by toxicity (10%, V = 6.0%) which was estimated as allowable (toxicity class 1). Snowpack water from the Lower City was characterized generally by medium toxicity (class 2), and sampled in the Upper City – by acute toxicity (59%, V = 26.5%), with regard to the reference (class 3).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FOUR DIFFERENT PRETREATMENTS IN NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FLOW AND MASS BALANCE IN EFFLUENTS OF A RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Juan P. González -Hermoso ◽  
Emilio Peña -Messina ◽  
Anselmo Miranda -Baeza ◽  
Luis R. Martínez -Córdoba ◽  
María T. Gutiérrez -Wing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
P Content ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture ◽  
Phosphorus Flow

ABSTRACT. The effluents from intensive aquaculture operations such as recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) have high concentrations of sludge that can become a source of pollution if they are not properly treated and disposed. Anaerobic digestion is commonly used for biological degradation of sludge. Pretreatments prior to anaerobic digestion can enhance sludge degradation and decrease nitrogen and phosphorus load through microbial activity. This study examines the effect of four different pretreatments (biological, chemical, mechanical and thermal) in the N and P fluxes and mass balance from a RAS effluent in a seven-month period at ambient temperature. Each month a 15-day experiment was performed. All pretreatments, except chemical, removed N (thermal 29.78%, biological 36.75%, control 42.25%, mechanical 49.46%, chemical -7.68%). All pretreatments produced phosphorus (chemical 1.96%, mechanical 16.07%, thermal 24.37%, biological 32.39%, control 58.50%). Our results showed that the mechanical pretreatment was the most effective in removing N. In contrast, none of the pretreatments reduced P content in the sludge.Efecto de cuatro pretratamientos en el flujo y balance del nitrógeno y el fósforo en efluentes de un sistema de recirculación acuícolaRESUMEN. Los efluentes de un tipo de cultivo intensivo como los Sistemas de Recirculación Acuícola (SRA) presentan altas concentraciones de lodos que pueden llegar a ser una fuente de contaminación si no son tratados y dispuestos apropiadamente. La digestión anaeróbica es usualmente empleada para llevar a cabo la degradación de los lodos. Los pretratamientos previos a la digestión anaeróbica pueden mejorar la degradación de los lodos, así como reducir la carga de nitrógeno y fósforo a través de la actividad microbiana. Este estudio examinó el efecto de cuatro pretratamientos (biológico, químico, mecánico y térmico) en el flujo y balance de masas de N y P de efluentes de un SRA durante un periodo de 7 meses a temperatura ambiente. En cada mes se llevó a cabo un experimento de 15 días. Todos los pretratamientos a excepción del químico, eliminaron nitrógeno (térmico 29.78%, biológico 36.75%, control 42.25%, mecánico 49.46%, químico -7.68%). Todos los pretratamientos produjeron fósforo (químico 1.96%, mecánico 16.07%, térmico 24.37%, biológico 32.39%, control 58.60%). Nuestros resultados indican que el pretratamiento mecánico fue el más efectivo para eliminar N. En contraste, ninguno de los pretratamientos redujo la concentración de fósforo. 

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF LEACHATE AT IHIAGWA DUMPSITE, IMO STATE NIGERIA AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR SURFACE WATER POLLUTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
CT Nelson ◽  
GT Amangabara ◽  
CO Owuama ◽  
CN Nzeh ◽  
CN Uyo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Total Chloride ◽  
Metal Cyanide ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Open dumpsite is the most common way to eliminate solid urban wastes in this part of the world. An important problem associated to landfills and open dumpsite is the production of leachates. The leachates from these dumpsites have many toxic substances, which may adversely affect the environmental health. Thus in order to have a better management of characteristics of Ihiagwa-Nekede waste dump leachates, representative leachate samples were collected and analyzed for Physico-chemical properties and levels of heavy metals in them. Results indicate pH7.38, temperature 28.30 ℃ - 28.40℃, total dissolved solid 124.01mg/l-125.45mg/l, magnesium hardness 4.40mg/l-7.32mg/l, sulphate 3.60mg/l-3.70mg/l, and nitrate 27.00mg/l-27.60mg/l. Other parameters indicated as follows Conductivity1910𝜇𝑠/𝑐𝑚-1930.00 𝜇𝑠/𝑐𝑚, total chloride 891.72mg/l-891.74mg/l, carbonate 1708.00mg/l-1904.00mg/l, Ammonia 9.39mg/l-9.40mg/l, calcium hardness 373.17mg/l-375.61mg/l, total solid 2423.00mg/l-2454.00mg/l, phosphate 13.52mg/l-13.54mg/l. The heavy metal: cyanide 2.25mg/l-2.33mg/l, zinc 18.08mg/l-18.38mg/l, copper 19.90mg/l20.48mg/l, iron10.67mg/l-10.82mg/l, lead 1.27mg/l-1.41mg/l, and manganese 3.00mg/l-3.61mg/l, all these exceeded the WHO standards. The obtained results showed that the landfill leachates are characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals and other disease causing elements and therefore require urgent treatment to forestall the contamination of groundwater system and the nearby Otamiri River.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbiological Water Quality Assessment of Aba Waterside River, Aba, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
L. O. Bobor ◽  
C. M. Umeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
The Impact

The indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents and solid wastes in surface water bodies is detrimental to humans and aquatic organisms. Water quality monitoring is critical to identify pollutants of concern and develop effective management strategies. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the impact of waste disposal on the water quality of Aba Waterside River, Ogbor hill, Aba. Grab samples were collected upstream, midstream and downstream and some physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed in accordance with standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater. The results were compared with the Nigerian standard for drinking water quality and the national environmental effluent limitation regulations. Turbidity levels (10 -31mg/l) exceeded the maximum permissible levels for drinking water (5mg/l) and may be associated with higher levels of embedded disease-causing microbes and potentially harmful organic and inorganic substances. The biological oxygen demand midstream (1960mg/l) was remarkably high due to the effluent discharged from the abattoirs at that point. Fecal coliforms (3-198MPN/100ml) were detected in all samples, indicating the presence of other potentially harmful microorganisms. The findings of this study indicate that the water is unsuitable for direct drinking water purposes and stringent water quality control measures should be implemented.

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