Inclusive and sustainable growth in high-income countries

Author(s):  
◽  
International Monetary Fund
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwan Shah Zainal Abidin

his book attempts to understand Najibnomics-economic policies advocated by the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak, since he helmed office on April 3, 2009. Najibnomics refers to a new approach to Malaysias economic development which is typified by three main characteristics: knowledge, innovation and freedom.It is a set of strategies, programmes and measures meant to transform Malaysia into a high-income and developed nation by the year 2020.This book analyses Najibnomics in action, or rather attempts to problematise Najibnomics at the level of its implementation. Through Najibnomics, the Malaysian government strives to keep the momentum of a sustainable growth trajectory, to enhance the well-being of the rakyat (people) and ensure the country gets out of the middle-income trap to become a high-income and developed economy by the year 2020.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Brunner ◽  
N Cable ◽  
H Iso

Abstract High-income countries (HICs), including UK, Germany and Japan, are reducing CO2 output relative to economic growth. SDG8 refers to 'sustainable growth' but does not differentiate between low, middle- and high-income countries. The United Nations target is for net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, therefore there is a strong case for exploring the implications of low or zero economic growth among HICs as a mechanism for limiting climate change. A key consideration is whether progress in population health would stall if HIC economies stopped growing. We examined headline health statistics among HIC countries for evidence of divergence in health trends. We looked for associations between trajectories of national economies and health trends over the past four decades. Age-standardised death rates were calculated from all-cause and cause-specific rates in the WHO mortality database. All-cause mortality (ACM) rates declined in parallel in UK, France and Japan, from about 700 to 400/100,000 in the period 1980-2010, with the lowest rates in Japan. Decline in the ACM rate in USA was shallower 1980-2010. In the decade of austerity following the banking crisis, the ACM rate in USA and UK stopped declining. The Japanese ACM rate continued its rapid post-war decline in the two decades of economic stagnation after 1990. Trends in Japanese coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer mortality rates, but not those for suicide, were consistently favourable in the recent period. The natural before-and-after experiment in Japan, of high economic growth in the decades to 1990, and low growth after 1990, is an example of a HIC with continuing progress in population health in a long period of low growth. Repeat measures of subjective, self-rated health from a population-based Japanese survey series (1986-2013) add to the evidence from objective mortality rate trends. Progress in population health does not need to stall if HIC economies focus on combatting climate change instead of growth.


Author(s):  
Terutomo Ozawa

This chapter examines the ‘flying-geese’ (FG) theory first introduced by Japanese economist Kaname Akamatsu in the mid-1930s, arguing that it must be reformulated in the light of stepped-up globalization. It first provides an overview of the basic assumptions of the FG theory before discussing the role of multinational corporations as an instrument of catch-up and an endogenizer of growth in the world economy. It then analyses the ‘(double-helix) ladder of development à la Schumpeter’ that can capture and expand on Akamatsu’s ideas about the inter- and intra-structural changes and the evolutionary hierarchy of economies aligned at different growth stages. It also considers the Schumpeterian ladder-related, S-shaped growth trajectory along which economic development proceeds. Finally, it describes three rounds of national ecosystem reform needed to move sustainable growth forward: from low-income stagnation towards middle-income status; bypassing the middle-income trap towards high-income status; and escaping the ‘high-income (sclerosis) trap’.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Yuli Anwar ◽  
Dahlar .

Abstract. One of the advances in information technology that now has changed the outlook and human life, business process and business strategy of an institution is the internet. The internet is a very large networks that connected to computers and serves throughout the world in one centralized network. With the internet we can access data and information anytime and anywhere.    As one provider of high-speed data communications services and the pioneer of the internet network service provider in Indonesia that provides integrated services, as well as one of the pioneer development of internet services that provide extensive services in the building and apply it throughout Indonesia. Indosat ready to seize opportunities for sustainable growth of business spectrum are still sprawling Indonesia.    Therefore, Indosat continues to focus on the development of increased efforts to provide the best service for customers of Indosat. Indosat will continue to develop and expand network coverage and a larger investment that the company will achieve excellence in the field of integrated telecommunications services.    Ranking by region of the IP Providers can be seen by grouping IP Providers, and management over IP Providers prefer to choose providers based on where it orginates as an example for the region of the U.S if it will be preferred providers that come from U.S. providers.With the commencement of the internet network optimization start early in 2008 with the selection of the appropriate IP Upstream Provider criteria, it is up to date according to data obtained from Indosat, seen any significant changes to the cost of purchasing capacity of the IP Upstream.    Based on the data obtained that until Q3 or September 2008, the number of IP Upstream Providers that previously there were 20 to 10 IP Upstream Provider, IP Transit Price total decrease of 11% to the price of IP Transit Price / Mbps there is a decrease of 78%, while from the capacity bandwith an increase of 301% capacity from 2008.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-257
Author(s):  
İclal Kaya Altay ◽  
◽  
Shqiprim Ahmeti ◽  

The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe ads territorial cohesion as Union’s third goal, beside economic and social cohesion and lists it as a shared competence. In the other hand, the Lisbon Strategy aims to turn Europe into the most competitive area of sustainable growth in the world and it is considered that the Territorial cohesion policy should contribute to it. This paper is structured by a descriptive language while deduction method is used. It refers to official documents, strategies, agendas and reports, as well as books, articles and assessments related to topic. This paper covers all of two Territorial Agendas as well as the background of territorial cohesion thinking and setting process of territorial cohesion policy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Elena Blagoeva

The impact of the last global economic crisis (2008) on the European economy put a strain on higher education (HE), yet it also pushed the sector towards intensive reforms and improvements. This paper focuses on the “Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria 2014-2020”. With a case study methodology, we explore the strategic endeavours of the Bulgarian government to comply with the European directions and to secure sustainable growth for the HE sector. Our research question is ‘How capable is the Bulgarian HE Strategy to overcome the economic and systemic restraints of Bulgarian higher education?’. Because the development of strategies for HE within the EU is highly contextual, a single qualitative case study was chosen as the research approach. HE institutions are not ivory towers, but subjects to a variety of external and internal forces. Within the EU, this is obviated by the fact that Universities obtain their funds from institutions such as governments, students and their families, donors, as well as EU-level programmes. Therefore, to explore how these pressures interact to affect strategic action on national level, the case method is well suited as it enabled us to study the phenomena thoroughly and deeply. The paper suggests the actions proposed within the Strategy have the potential to overcome the delay, the regional isolation and the negative impact of the economic crisis on the country. Nevertheless, the key elements on which the success or failure of this Strategy hinges are the control mechanisms and the approach to implementation. Shortcomings in these two aspects of strategic actions in HE seem to mark the difference between gaining long-term benefits and merely saving face in front of international institutions.


Author(s):  
Nguyen Manh Hung

Trong khoảng 10 - 15 năm gần đây, ở Việt Nam đã nổi lên luận điểm rằng: cải cách thể chế kinh tế ngày càng đóng vai trò quan trọng hơn trong tiến trình đổi mới. Khi các nguồn lực như tài nguyên thiên nhiên, lao động giá rẻ và vốn...đã đến giới hạn thì cải cách thể chế trở thành đòi hỏi tất yếu đối với nền kinh tế. Tuy nhiên, đây cũng là thử thách khó khăn của quá trình phát triển. Trên thế giới, nhiều quốc gia chỉ đạt được một phần mục tiêu của cải cách, thậm chí ở một số quốc gia nỗ lực cải cách thể chế lại đẩy nền kinh tế vào những bất ổn không ngừng.  Tiến trình cải cách thể chế kinh tế sẽ khó thể thành công nếu không đi kèm với nỗ lực thiết lập một nền tảng quản trị quốc gia vững mạnh. Từ khóa Quản trị, thể chế, kinh tế thị trường, cải cách References [1] Acemoglu, Daron and James Robinson (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. Random House[2] Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson and James A. Robinson (2001), “The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation” The American Economic Review Vol. 91, No. 5 (Dec., 2001)[3] Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson and James Robinson (2005). “Institutions as Fundamental Cause of Long run Growth”, Handbook ofEconomic Growth, Volume IA. Edited by Philippe Aghion and Steven N. Durlauf. 2005 Elsevier B.V[4] Asian Development Bank (1995). Governance: Sound Development Management, October 1995;[5] Diễn đàn kinh tế tư nhân Việt Nam 2016: Cơ hội, thách thức và giải pháp. Hà nội,[6] Heritage Foundation (2017). 2017 Index of Economic Freedom,[7] [http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking][8] International Development Association (1998). Additions to IDA Resources: Twelfth Replenishment (IDA12). 23 December 1998; [9] Kasper, Wolfgang and Manfred E Streit (1999). Institutional Economics: Social Order and Public Policy, Edward Elgar. Tr. 41[10] Kaufmann, Daniel; Aart Kraay, Massimo Mastruzzi (2010), The Worldwide Governance Indicators Methodology and Analytical Issues, the World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5430, September 2010[11] Nguyễn Quang Thuấn (2017). “Cải thiện nền quản trị quốc gia, tạo môi trường thuận lợi thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế trong giai đoạn tới”, tham luận tại Diễn đàn Kinh tế Việt Nam 2017: Phát huy nội lực, tăng trưởng bền vững, Ban kinh tế trung ương ngày 27/06/2017[12] North, D.C. (1990), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.[13] Osborne, S. P. (2006), “The New Public Governance?” Public Management Review, vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 377-388.[14] UNDP (1997). “Governance for Sustainable Human Development” New York; WB (1994). Governance: The World Bank’s Experience. Washington DC; [15] VCCI & USAID (2015). Báo cáo năng lực cạnh tranh cấp tỉnh năm 2015. Hà Nội: Phòng Thương mại và Công nghiệp Việt Nam và Cơ quan Phát triển Quốc tế Hoa Kỳ [16] Wolfensohn, James D. (1999), Address to the Board of Governors (September 28, 1999), the World Bank[17] WB (1992). World Development Report: Governance and Development, Washington DC. [18] WB (1989). Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Growth, Washington DC[19] WB (2016). Ease of Doing Business 2016. Washington DC [20] http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/vietnam[21] WB (1997). World Development Report 1997. Washington DC. [22] WB (2017). Worldwide Governance Indicator, [23] http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#reports[24] World Economic Forum (2016). Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Geneva.


Jurnal Dampak ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yommi Dewilda ◽  
Yeggi Darnas
Keyword(s):  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data timbulan dan komposisi sampah domestik di Kabupaten Tanah Datar serta dapat membandingkan perbedaan timbulan dan komposisi sampah yang dihasilkan berdasarkan tingkat pendapatan masyarakat (High income, Medium income dan Low income). Data timbulan dan komposisi sampah diperlukan dalam perencanaan dan pengembangan sistem pengelolaan sampah. Sampling timbulan dan jumlah sampling dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 19-3964-1994. Hasil penelitian timbulan sampah domestik dalam satuan berat 0,232 kg/o/h dan dalam satuan volume 3,646 l/o/h. Berdasarkan tingkat pendapatan dalam satuan berat High Income (HI) 0,308 kg/o/h, Medium Income (MI) 0,198 kg/o/h dan Low Income (LI) 0,190 kg/o/h dalam satuan volume HI 4,269 l/o/h, MI 3,835 l/o/h dan LI 2,835 l/o/h. Timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan penduduk dengan High Incame lebih besar dibandingkan dengan penduduk dengan pendapatan Medium Income dan Low Income. Komposisi sampah domestik untuk sampah basah 75,5%; sampah plastik 16,6%; sampah kertas 5,3%; sampah tekstil 0,8%; sampah kayu 0,3%; sampah kaca 0,7%; sampah logam ferrous 0,2%; sampah logam non ferrous 0,1%; dan sampah lain-lain 0,5%.Kata kunci: sampah domestik, komposisi sampah, timbulan Sampah


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