Parenting Stress in Infancy and Psychosocial Adjustment in Toddlerhood: A Longitudinal Study of Children with Craniofacial Anomalies

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice W. Pope ◽  
Karen Tillman ◽  
Heather T. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Reconstructive Plastic Surgery

Objective To evaluate the association between parenting stress during infancy and child psychosocial adjustment during toddlerhood, within a sample of children with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs). Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Urban medical center department of reconstructive plastic surgery. Participants Parents of 47 children aged birth to 24 months at time 1 and 24 to 46 months at time 2. Main Outcome Measures Parenting Stress Index/Short Form completed at times 1 and 2; Child Behavior Checklist completed at time 2. Results Relative to norms, more parents of children with CFAs experienced serious levels of parenting stress at times 1 and 2; however, fewer children with CFAs experienced serious levels of adjustment problems. Parenting stress during infancy predicted psychosocial adjustment in toddlerhood but was mediated by parenting stress in toddlerhood. Parents high on stress at both assessments showed clinical levels of total parenting stress and parent-child dysfunctional interaction when their children were infants; their toddlers showed higher levels of maladjustment than those with parents elevated on parenting stress during only infancy. Conclusions Elevated levels of parenting stress during infancy may be stable through toddlerhood for families having a child with a CFA. The relation between parenting stress and child adjustment is likely to be reciprocal. These findings should be replicated with a larger sample and multiple informants.

Adolescents with Craniofacial Anomalies: Psychosocial Adjustment as a Function of Self-Concept

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica J. Bilboul ◽  
Alice W. Pope ◽  
Heather T. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Self Worth

Objective To evaluate associations between self-concept and psychosocial adjustment among adolescents with craniofacial anomalies. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Reconstructive plastic surgery department in urban medical center. Participants Forty-nine adolescents with congenital craniofacial anomalies, aged 14 to 18 years, and their parents. Main Outcome Measures Psychosocial adjustment (internalizing problems and social competence), assessed by self-report and parent-report forms of the Child Behavior Checklist; appearance self-concept and global self-worth, assessed by the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents. Results Both appearance self-concept and global self-worth were associated with psychosocial adjustment; however, global self-worth remained associated with adjustment when the effects of appearance self-concept were controlled, whereas appearance self-concept was no longer associated with adjustment when global self-worth was controlled. Demographic variables (ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and adolescent gender) largely failed to moderate the associations between self-concept and adjustment. Conclusions Adolescent dissatisfaction with appearance is linked to psychosocial adjustment problems only when it is part of a negative overall view of the self.

Psychosocial Adjustment in Adolescents with Craniofacial Anomalies: A Comparison of Parent and Self-Reports

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather T. Snyder ◽  
Monica J. Bilboul ◽  
Alice W. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Parent Reports ◽  
Surgery Department

Objective To assess rates of psychosocial adjustment problems in adolescents with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) and to evaluate the correspondence between adolescent and parent reports of adjustment. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Reconstructive plastic surgery department in urban medical center. Participants Sixty-four adolescents aged 14 to 18 years with CFAs and their parents. Main Outcome Measures Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report. Results Adolescent and parent reports were compared with published norms. Adolescents with CFAs did not differ from norms on rates of self-reported problems in the clinical range. Parents of sons and daughters with CFAs reported elevations in the clinical range for deficits in social and scholastic competence; parents of daughters also reported higher clinical rates of withdrawn and somatic problems. Correlations between adolescent and parent reports were generally higher than seen in norms, especially for boys. Parents and adolescents did not differ in reported rates of problems in the clinical range. Conclusions Adolescents with CFAs showed elevated risk for problems with academics and peer relationships; there was limited evidence for clinical levels of other adjustment problems. When parent and adolescent reports differed, parents reported more problems.

Psychosocial Adjustment in Children and Adolescents with a Craniofacial Anomaly: Age and Sex Patterns

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice W. Pope ◽  
Heather T. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Primary Care Unit ◽  
Age And Sex

Objective To examine rates of psychosocial adjustment problems and competencies in a sample of children with congenital craniofacial anomalies (CFAs). Methods Retrospective chart review. Setting Urban hospital plastic surgery primary care unit. Patients A total of 724 children aged 2 to 18 years with completed Child Behavior Checklists in their medical charts. Main Outcome Measure Child Behavior Checklist. Results Higher rates of problems in the clinical range were seen for withdrawn, attention, social, thought, and internalizing problems and lower rates for externalizing and somatic complaints; specific patterns varied according to age and sex. Elevated rates of competency deficits were seen in some groups. Conclusions Most children with CFAs do not appear to experience psychosocial adjustment problems. Although elevated risk may be seen for certain problems, this group may be protected in other areas. Research identifying the mechanisms responsible for varying age and sex patterns of adjustment is needed.

Maternal Impression Management in the Assessment of Childhood Depressive Symptomatology

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Lilly ◽  
Thompson E. Davis ◽  
Peter J. Castagna ◽  
Arwen Marker ◽  
Allison B. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Parenting Stress Index ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Self-report instruments are commonly used to assess for childhood depressive symptoms. Historically, clinicians have relied heavily on parent-reports due to concerns about childrens’ cognitive abilities to understand diagnostic questions. However, parents may also be unreliable reporters due to a lack of understanding of their child's symptomatology, overshadowing by their own problems, and tendencies to promote themselves more favourably in order to achieve desired assessment goals. One such variable that can lead to unreliable reporting is impression management, which is a goal-directed response in which an individual (e.g. mother or father) attempts to represent themselves, or their child, in a socially desirable way to the observer. Aims: This study examined the relationship between mothers who engage in impression management, as measured by the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form defensive responding subscale, and parent-/child-self-reports of depressive symptomatology in 106 mother–child dyads. Methods: 106 clinic-referred children (mean child age = 10.06 years, range 7–16 years) were administered the Child Depression Inventory, and mothers (mean mother age = 40.80 years, range 27–57 years) were administered the Child-Behavior Checklist, Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Results: As predicted, mothers who engaged in impression management under-reported their child's symptomatology on the anxious/depressed and withdrawn subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist. Moreover, the relationship between maternal-reported child depressive symptoms and child-reported depressive symptoms was moderated by impression management. Conclusions: These results suggest that children may be more reliable reporters of their own depressive symptomatology when mothers are highly defensive or stressed.

Refining the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form (PSI-SF) in Chinese Parents

Assessment ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 107319111984775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Luo ◽  
Meng-Cheng Wang ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Hong Zeng ◽  
Wendeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Parenting Stress Index ◽  
Chinese Parents

scholarly journals Cognitive development of children with Kawasaki disease and the parenting stress of their caregivers in Taiwan: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e042996
Author(s):  
Liang-Jen Wang ◽  
Zi-Yu Tsai ◽  
Ling-Sai Chang ◽  
Ho-Chang Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute form of febrile vasculitis that occurs in early childhood. The multisystemic vasculitis common in patients with KD may influence blood perfusion in the brain, and thus caregivers of children with KD may feel stress with regard to caring for them. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion is the standard treatment for acute KD, and the most serious complication of KD is coronary artery aneurysms (coronary artery lesion (CAL)). This study aimed to investigate the relationships between KD heterogeneity and the risk of patients’ cognitive impairment or caregivers’ parenting stress.DesignA case–control study with consecutive sampling.SettingA medical centre (Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan).ParticipantsThis study consisted of 176 patients with KD (mean age: 5.5 years, 60.8% boys) and 85 healthy children (mean age: 6.4 years, 54.1% boys).Primary and secondary outcome measuresBased on the children’s age, each patient with KD and control subject was administered an assessment using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning or the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, and parenting function of their caregivers was assessed using the Parenting Stress Index (PSI)-Short Form.ResultsWe observed no significant differences in any developmental index, cognitive function or parenting stress between patients with KD and controls. Among the children with KD, IVIG administration nor CAL was associated with children’s cognitive scores. However, the caregivers of patients who had CAL suffered from greater PSI total scores than those of patients without CAL. Furthermore, the caregivers who had education levels of a master’s degree or above showed less parenting stress than those who had an education level of college or lower.ConclusionCaregivers’ education is associated to parenting stress, and caregivers of patients with KD who developed CAL may feel stress about the unpredictable sequela caused by CAL for their children. Such caregivers may require support to fulfil their parenting roles.

scholarly journals Persistence of behavioral abnormalities following corticosteroid therapy in children with initial episode of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a prospective longitudinal observation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parichay Singh ◽  
Om P. Mishra ◽  
Shashi K. Upadhyay ◽  
Rajniti Prasad ◽  
Ankur Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Parenting Stress Index ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Initial Episode ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Total Behavior

Abstract Introduction: Treatment of nephrotic syndrome with corticosteroid can cause several side- effects including behavioral abnormalities. The objectives of the study were to observe the proportion of non-relapsers having persistence of behavioral abnormalities after completion of treatment of initial episode and compare the abnormalities with relapsers, and to determine risk factors for persistence. Methods: Seventy-five children with a first episode of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and 60 normal children were rated by parents for behavioral problems using the Child Behavior Checklist. The Parenting Stress Index was also evaluated. The children were rated before treatment and 12 and 36 weeks after. Results: Both relapsers and non-relapsers showed abnormalities in internalizing and externalizing domains at 12 weeks of steroid therapy. Non-relapsers had abnormal scores in the internalizing domain in 63.5 % and externalizing domain in 48.1% of cases at 36 weeks. Relapsers had abnormal scores in all the three behavior domains, but a significantly higher proportion of relapsers had abnormal scores regarding total behavior (65.2% vs 28.8%, p<0.01) and child domains (100% vs 57.7%, p<0.001) of Parenting Stress Index in comparison to non-relapsers at 36 weeks. Occurrence of relapse increased the risk (odds ratio 5.76, 95% CI 1.35-10.76, p< 0.001) for persistence of abnormal total behavior at 36 weeks follow-up. Conclusion: Persistence of abnormalities was observed not only in relapsers but also in non-relapsers. Relapse was found to be a significant risk factor for persistence of abnormal behaviors in these patients.

scholarly journals Factorial Structure and Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form in Hong Kong and Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozi Gao ◽  
Kerry Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Parenting Stress Index

With increasing attention on the role of parenting stress on family functioning and children’s development, one area that has been neglected is how such relations differ across cultures. Although sometimes viewed as homogeneous, Asian countries often have markedly different belief systems. Cross-cultural studies require instruments that have been validated in different socio-cultural contexts. The widely used parenting stress index-short form (PSI-SF) has been used in several locations. However, results regarding its factorial structure have been mixed. Furthermore, there are only a few cross-cultural comparison studies. This study examined the factorial structure of an abridged version of the PSI-SF with data from Hong Kong (N = 258) and Thailand (N = 190). The results from confirmatory factor analyses indicated that, in both cultures, a three-factorial structure provides the best model fit. Furthermore, we found evidence for partial metric invariance, suggesting that the test scores can be compared directly. Tests for convergent and discriminant validity revealed that the three factors were correlated with parent general distress, authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting behaviors, in both cultures. These findings suggest that the abridged PSI-SF can provide a meaningful comparison of parenting stress between Hong Kong and Thailand.

Feeding and Growth in Infants With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Relationships With Maternal Distress

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562095687
Author(s):  
Lauren L. Madhoun ◽  
Canice E. Crerand ◽  
Meghan O’Brien ◽  
Adriane L. Baylis
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group

Objective: To examine relationships between early feeding and growth and maternal distress in infants with and without cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Pediatric academic medical center in the Midwestern United States. Participants: Mothers of infants 1 to 12 weeks old with CL/P (n = 30) and without CL/P (control group, n = 30) were recruited at craniofacial clinic or pediatrician appointments. Main Outcome Measure(s): Maternal responses on the Feeding/Swallowing Impact Survey (FS-IS), Parenting Stress Index, Fourth Edition, Short Form (PSI-4-SF), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Infant feeding history and growth measurements were obtained. Results: Having an infant with CL/P revealed greater impact on maternal health-related quality of life due to feeding problems ( F = 4.83, P = .03). Mothers of infants with CL/P reported average range Total Stress scores on the PSI-4-SF, which were higher than controls ( F = 4.12, P = .05). Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores did not differ between groups. Compared to controls, infants with cleft palate had lower percentiles for weight ( t = 4.13, P = .04) and length ( t = 2.93, P = .01). Higher FS-IS scores were associated with longer feeding duration ( r = 0.32, P = .01) and lower weight ( r = −0.31, P = .02) and length ( r = −0.32, P = .02). Conclusions: Despite receiving early team care and feeding interventions, mothers of infants with CL/P reported higher stress and more challenges with feeding and growth. Future studies should examine targeted psychosocial interventions to improve feeding and growth outcomes in infants with CL/P.

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