Sodium Chloride Salt Applications Provide Effective Control of Sourgrass (Paspalum conjugatum) in Seashore Paspalum Turf

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Joseph DeFrank ◽  
Micah S. Woods ◽  
Greg K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
The Tropics

Sourgrass is a stoloniferous perennial grassy weed found on golf courses throughout Hawaii. No herbicides are currently labeled for selective control of sourgrass in seashore paspalum turf, a species used regularly on golf courses throughout the tropics. A single granular application of fine salt (99% sodium chloride, 1% sodium silicoaluminate, 83% of particles 0.5 to 0.25 mm in diameter) at a rate of 1,464 kg/ha provided 84 and 23% control of sourgrass 6 wk after initial treatment (WAIT) in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Sequential granular applications of fine salt at 488 kg/ha provided 92 and 96% control of sourgrass in 2007 and 2008, respectively, at 6 WAIT. Granular applications of a coarse salt (100% sodium chloride, 75% of particles 2.0 to 1.0 mm in diameter) provided a lower level of control than fine salt at both the 1,464- and 488-kg/ha rates on three out of four rating dates in 2008; a similar trend was observed in 2007, but no significant differences were observed between these treatments. All salt treatments led to higher soil sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) and electrical conductivity (ECe) than the untreated check; however, levels reported in this study were significantly lower than the threshold SAR and ECelevels that have been associated with reduced seashore paspalum growth. Sequential applications of MSMA at 1.12 kg/ha and MSMA plus metribuzin at 1.12 kg/ha and 0.28 kg/ha, respectively, provided greater than 90% control in 2008, but less than 40% control in 2007. Greater seashore paspalum injury was observed following applications of MSMA and MSMA plus metribuzin than following salt applications. Additional research is needed to evaluate strategies for controlling sourgrass in seashore paspalum turf that do not induce phytotoxic injury after application.

Efficacy of Sodium Chloride Applications for Control of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in Seashore Paspalum Turf

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Joseph DeFrank ◽  
Micah S. Woods ◽  
Greg K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
The Tropics

Control of goosegrass is difficult in the pan-Pacific region. No herbicides are currently labeled for selective control of goosegrass in seashore paspalum turf, a species used regularly on golf courses throughout the tropics. Sequential granular applications of sodium chloride (99% sodium chloride, 1% sodium silicoaluminate, 83% 0.5 to 0.25 mm diam) at 488 kg/ha did not effectively (> 70%) control goosegrass in this study. Goosegrass injury following sequential granular applications of sodium chloride, at 488 kg/ha, subsided at 6 wk after initial treatment (WAIT). A single application of MSMA at 2.40 kg/ha plus metribuzin at 0.56 kg/ha provided 96 and 83% control of goosegrass 8 WAIT in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Sequential applications of MSMA plus metribuzin at lower rates yielded similar results. Applications of foramsulfuron did not effectively control (> 70%) goosegrass in this study, suggesting a possible tolerance to this treatment. Applications of MSMA plus metribuzin controlled goosegrass (> 70%), but induced phytotoxic injury to seashore paspalum turf. Additional research is needed to evaluate strategies for POST control of goosegrass in seashore paspalum turf that do not induce phytotoxic turfgrass injury after application.

Surface Applications of Dazomet Provide Nonselective Control of Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) Turf

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Significant Injury

Herbicide applications prior to turf renovation often fail to provide complete control of perennial warm-season turfgrass species like seashore paspalum. Surface applications of dazomet at 506 kg/ha provided > 90% POST control of ‘SeaDwarf’ seashore paspalum turf in 2008. Although applications of glyphosate at 5.6 kg/ha or fluazifop-P-butyl at 0.42 kg/ha induced significant injury, these treatments provided < 40% POST control of SeaDwarf seashore paspalum turf 10 wk after initial treatment (WAIT) in 2008. A similar response was noted following applications of glyphosate plus fluazifop-P-butyl at rates of 5.6 kg/ha and 0.42 kg/ha, respectively. POST control following applications of glyphosate at 5.6 kg/ha plus fluazifop-P-butyl at 0.42 kg/ha, prior to applying dazomet at 506 kg/ha, was not different from that which was observed following applications of dazomet alone at 506 kg/ha. These data suggest that granular applications of dazomet alone, at 506 kg/ha, can be used to provide effective control of SeaDwarf seashore paspalum prior to renovation.

Fabrication of Polyaniline–La2O3 Composite Nanofibers Showing Effective Control of Morphology, Electrical Conductivity, and Thermal Stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman Khan ◽  
Nurfarahhana Binti Daud ◽  
Mohammad Shahadat Hussain Chowdhury ◽  
Wan Ahmad Kamil Mahmood ◽  
Hisatoshi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Effective Control

Effects of sodium chloride and betaine on hydration status of lambs at slaughter

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Pearce ◽  
D. G. Masters ◽  
R. H. Jacob ◽  
D. L. Hopkins ◽  
D. W. Pethick
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Difference

Under commercial conditions in Australia, lambs are often dehydrated at slaughter despite access to water at the abattoir. Dehydration results in reduced fluid content of meat, which causes liveweight and carcass weight loss. Two experiments evaluated hydration status and carcass characteristics in lambs fed increased levels of sodium chloride (salt) and/or betaine before slaughter. Both experiments were 2 × 2 factorial designs with two levels of salt added [0 and 50 g/kg dry matter (DM)] and two levels of betaine added (0 and 6.7 g/kg DM) to the diets. The treatment diets were introduced to sheep over a 7–8-day period and then fed at 1.5 kg/day for the following 7 days. In experiment 1, 96 Poll Dorset–Merino cross wether lambs (45.9 ± 0.17 kg) were fed in individual pens and in experiment 2, 204 Merino wether lambs (43.1 ± 0.35 kg) were fed in group pens. In the first experiment, water and feed were withheld from the end of the treatment feeding period until slaughter 48 h later. In the second experiment, feed and water were withheld for the first 24 h after treatment but water was available for the next 24 h immediately before slaughter. In both experiments, consumption of the high salt diet decreased urine specific gravity and osmolarity at the end of the feeding period and after 24 h without access to water. This indicates an improved hydration status at this time. However, the difference in hydration status related to feeding salt declined during the 48-h lairage period and there were no significant differences in hot carcass weight or muscle DM among groups at slaughter. It could be concluded from this result that the addition of salt has little commercial value; however, this may not be the case. The lambs in experiment 2 did not behave according to industry expectations. They all drank water in the last 24 h in lairage and none of the groups showed severe dehydration. Further research is justified to determine if the lambs fed the diets with no added salt drunk in lairage as a learned response from the lambs fed salt and, if so, whether this can be developed into a commercial strategy. Feeding betaine did not result in any changes in hydration status or carcass characteristics.

Utilization of Appetite for Sodium Salts to Control Rabbit Populations by Poisoning.

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Myers
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Control Rabbit ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Rabbits in subalpine areas in south-eastern Australia show a marked avidity for sodium salts during the spring and early summer months. During that period rabbit populations may be controlled by allowing access to soft wooden meranti pegs impregnated with sodium chloride and sodium luoroacetate (poison 1080). If the pegs are left out as permanent bait stations they produce long-term effective control. The method should be applicable to other areas in Australia where soil sodium is very low.

Supercritical water gasification of ethanol fermentation residue of seaweed: effect of sodium chloride salt

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafif bin Mohamad Jamel Basha ◽  
Yukihiko Matsumura ◽  
Yutaka Nakashimada ◽  
Toshinori Tsuru ◽  
Tomoaki Minowa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Supercritical Water Gasification ◽  
Fermentation Residue

scholarly journals Comparison of Microtox and Xenoassay Light as a Near Real Time River Monitoring Assay for Heavy Metals

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. E. Halmi ◽  
Hussain Jirangon ◽  
W. L. W. Johari ◽  
A. R. Abdul Rachman ◽  
M. Y. Shukor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
River Monitoring ◽  
Microtox Assay ◽  
The Tropics

Luminescence-based assays for toxicants such as Microtox, ToxAlert, and Biotox have been used extensively worldwide. However, the use of these assays in near real time conditions is limited due to nonoptimal assay temperature for the tropical climate. An isolate that exhibits a high luminescence activity in a broad range of temperatures was successfully isolated from the mackerel,Rastrelliger kanagurta. This isolate was tentatively identified asPhotobacteriumsp. strain MIE, based on partial 16S rDNA molecular phylogeny. Optimum conditions that support high bioluminescence activity occurred between 24 and 30°C, with pH 5.5 to 7.5, 10 to 20 g/L of sodium chloride, 30 to 50 g/L of tryptone, and 4 g/L of glycerol as the carbon source. Assessment of near real time capability of this bacterial system, Xenoassay light to monitor heavy metals from a contaminated river running through the Juru River Basin shows near real time capability with assaying time of less than 30 minutes per samples. Samples returned to the lab were tested with a standard Microtox assay usingVibrio fishceri. Similar results were obtained to Xenoassay light that show temporal variation of copper concentration. Thus, this strain is suitable for near real time river monitoring of toxicants especially in the tropics.

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