Performance-based assessment of durability and prediction of RC structure service life: transport properties as input data for physical models

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1669-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Baroghel-Bouny ◽  
Mickaël Thiéry ◽  
Xiaomeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Rc Structure ◽  
Performance Based Assessment

Performance-based assessment of Nahr Al-Fidar bridge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisrine Makhoul
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Performance Based Assessment ◽  
Bridge Reconstruction

<p>Nahr Al-Fidar Bridge is in Fidar village, which is located near Byblos City, Lebanon. The bridge reconstruction was carried out swiftly during 2006-2007, due to its importance as a vital commercial artery. Indeed, no traffic disruption is allowed on the bridge, since it leads to great economic losses. At the time being, even though the bridge has only accomplished about 10 years of its service life, it is being overloaded.</p><p>The paper aims to assess the performance of Nahr Al-Fidar bridge. To that purpose, first, the case bridge is introduced, and a visual inspection took place to identify current the state of the bridge. Second, the performance indicators are evaluated for this bridge, by means of the visual assessment, and the key performance indicators are assessed. The aim is to check if the bridge meets the pre-specified performance goals. Finally, a quality control plan is implemented for Nahr Al-Fidar bridge.</p>

Corrosion effects on seismic capacity of reinforced concrete structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bossio ◽  
Francesco Fabbrocino ◽  
Tullio Monetta ◽  
Gian Piero Lignola ◽  
Andrea Prota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Residual Service Life ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Behavior Simulation ◽  
Cover Cracking ◽  
Rc Structure

AbstractRecently, corrosion prevention and monitoring of reinforced concrete (RC) structures became an important issue for seismic assessment of such kind of structures. Therefore, it is important to develop adequate models to represent material degradation into seismic behavior simulation of RC structures. Because of its effects, corrosion represents the most important form of degradation for materials and structures, both for wide diffusion and the amount of danger it presents. To understand the corrosion process is critical in order to design RC structures that are able to guarantee the required service life and in order to understand the residual service life and strength of an existing structure. The seismic behavior of a corroded framed RC structure is analyzed by means of push-over analyses, which allow understanding the development of the global behavior of the structure. Three different degrees of corrosion penetration were simulated, by means of the reduction of bars and stirrups’ diameters and concrete cover cracking and spalling, and three different configurations of corrosion, depending on the number of corroded frames and sides of the structural elements.

scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of Buildings – A Suggestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Martin Jamnický ◽  
Roman Rabenseifer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Detached House

AbstractThis article proposes to contribute to the discussion on environmental product declarations for buildings. Using a simple life-cycle analysis of a low-energy detached house and CO2-equivalent emissions as a comparative unit, the case study presented illustrates the problems with the initial input data related to embodied energy and a definition of the criteria for an assessment of the environmental quality of buildings. The actual case study compares the expected energy demand of a detached house in the course of its service life and the energy input (embodied energy) necessary for its assembly and for the manufacture of the individual building products. The operation of the building during its service life is described using a computer-aided building performance simulation. The input data related to the embodied energy are based on information from classical works on life cycle analyses. In addition, the article discusses the limits of building envelope improvements in terms of the thickness of thermal insulation and also stresses the increasing significance of embodied energy in the environmental assessment of buildings.

Development of tools for studying contaminant transport in fractured rock environment: laboratory migration experiments in physical models with artificial and natural fractures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Jankovský ◽  
Václava Havlová ◽  
Milan Zuna ◽  
Petr Polívka ◽  
Jakub Jankovec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Single Fracture ◽  
Natural Fractures ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
Migration Pathways

&lt;p&gt;Migration of contaminants (radionuclides, heavy metals, nanoparticles) in crystalline rock environment is driven mainly by advective processes in fractures. The main goal of our project is to develop tools for evaluation of migration and retention of potential contaminants in the rock environment. Since the naturally fractured environment is typically too complex to describe, it is common to mimic its behaviour by means of numerically simulated fracture network. The groundwork for applicable simulation of large-scale structures comes out from comprehension and verification of parameters for basic components such as a single fracture. For this reason, number of numerical simulations were performed to evaluate hydraulic and transport properties of an artificial and natural single fracture system by means of different modelling approaches. This will be presented in details in a separate conference contribution by Hokr et al.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two granite blocks were split and reassembled to generate physical models with artificial fractures. Significant contribution to the exact model representation of the flow regime is the precise fracture topography description, derived from the method of the laser scanning. This allows the model resolution up to 100 &amp;#181;m for each of the two granite blocks used in the study and subsequently the identification of the preferential pathways of the contaminant spreading. Both blocks were customized for both on-line measurement of the selected parameters and sample collection for off-line measurement. This arrangement allowed us to perform series of migration experiments with different conservative (NaCl, KCl, KI, HTO) and sorbing (Pb(ClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) tracers. The focus of the numerical modelling effort is to fully describe the hydraulic and transport properties of the fractured granite environment based on the data from experimental tracer tests. Pressure field distribution across the fracture and breakthrough curves at the sampled positions were used for the fracture parameters calibration and evaluation of the model overall reliability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Several physical models with natural fractures were prepared from suitable sections of borehole cores coming from two locations in the Czech Republic (underground research center Bukov and Mr&amp;#225;kot&amp;#237;n quarry). Data from transmissivity measurements and conservative tracer breakthrough curves served as initial parameters for fracture description. Specially designed experimental set-up for conducting of migration experiments with very low flow rate was applied. Moreover in collaboration with HZDR (Leipzig, Germany) the unique combination of PET &amp;#8211; &amp;#181;CT techniques was employed. Spatiotemporal images of the radioactive tracer (&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F) concentration during conservative transport were recorded with positron emission tomography (GeoPET), and the underlying fracture structure was characterized by &amp;#181;CT-imaging. First results are proving the existence of preferential migration pathways within the studied natural fractures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The activities were funded by Czech Technological Agency under Project No. TH02030543&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Thermal Transport Properties of Olivine, Wadsleyite, and Ringwoodite—A Review

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zili Xiong ◽  
Baohua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Thermal Transport ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Transport Properties ◽  
Made In

Knowledge of the thermal diffusivity D and thermal conductivity κ of olivine and its high-pressure polymorphs, wadsleyite and ringwoodite, is crucial to understand the heat transfer efficiency and thermal structure of Earth’s mantle. In the last few decades, great progress has been made in measurement techniques and experimental results seeking to determine the thermophysical properties of geomaterials. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic overview of the current knowledge of the thermal transport properties of olivine and its high-pressure polymorphs, their dependence on factors, such as pressure, temperature, and composition, and physical models to describe their variations. Some related geoscience applications and perspectives for the future are also suggested.

Collision stage reconstruction in traffic accidents: Sensitivity analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Vangi
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Error Propagation ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Redundant Data

The reconstruction approach is typically a process in which the effects (positions of vehicles at rest, various traces, permanent deformation, etc.) are examined to determine the causes (positions, velocities, acceleration of vehicles and occupants, etc.), and is in general numerically ill-conditioned, with the consequence that minor disturbance in the input data can produce broad variations in the final results. Since the input data and the parameters necessary for utilizing the physical models are known or estimated only with a certain degree of uncertainty, it follows that, for a given accident, substantially different scenarios may be envisaged. In this article, sensitivity to uncertainty in the input data for reconstructing traffic accidents is analysed. The effect of redundant data on calculation is analysed and parameters useful for identifying the data having the greatest effect on error propagation are indicated, for the purpose of reducing dispersion in the results.

scholarly journals Service Life Assessment of Historical Building Envelopes Constructed Using Different Types of Sandstone: A Computational Analysis Based on Experimental Input Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Kočí ◽  
Jiří Maděra ◽  
Jan Fořt ◽  
Jaromír Žumár ◽  
Milena Pavlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Different Types

Service life assessment of three historical building envelopes constructed using different types of sandstone is presented. At first, experimental measurements of material parameters of sandstones are performed to provide the necessary input data for a subsequent computational analysis. In the second step, the moisture and temperature fields across the studied envelopes are calculated for a representative period of time. The computations are performed using dynamic climatic data as the boundary conditions on the exterior side of building envelope. The climatic data for three characteristic localities are experimentally determined by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute and contain hourly values of temperature, relative humidity, rainfalls, wind velocity and direction, and sun radiation. Using the measured durability properties of the analyzed sandstones and the calculated numbers of freeze/thaw cycles under different climatic conditions, the service life of the investigated building envelopes is assessed. The obtained results show that the climatic conditions can play a very significant role in the service life assessment of historical buildings, even in the conditions of such a small country as the Czech Republic. In addition, the investigations reveal the importance of the material characteristics of sandstones, in particular the hygric properties, on their service life in a structure.

scholarly journals Uncertainties in global crop model frameworks: effects of cultivar distribution, crop management and soil handling on crop yield estimates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Folberth ◽  
Joshua Elliott ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
Juraj Balkovic ◽  
James Chryssanthacopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Absolute Yield

Abstract. Global gridded crop models (GGCMs) combine field-scale agronomic models or sets of plant growth algorithms with gridded spatial input data to estimate spatially explicit crop yields and agricultural externalities at the global scale. Differences in GGCM outputs arise from the use of different bio-physical models, setups, and input data. While algorithms have been in the focus of recent GGCM comparisons, this study investigates differences in maize and wheat yield estimates from five GGCMs based on the public domain field-scale model Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) that participate in the AgMIP Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison (GGCMI) project. Albeit using the same crop model, the GGCMs differ in model version, input data, management assumptions, parameterization, geographic distribution of cultivars, and selection of subroutines e.g. for the estimation of potential evapotranspiration or soil erosion. The analyses reveal long-term trends and inter-annual yield variability in the EPIC-based GGCMs to be highly sensitive to soil parameterization and crop management. Absolute yield levels as well depend not only on nutrient supply but also on the parameterization and distribution of crop cultivars. All GGCMs show an intermediate performance in reproducing reported absolute yield levels or inter-annual dynamics. Our findings suggest that studies focusing on the evaluation of differences in bio-physical routines may require further harmonization of input data and management assumptions in order to eliminate background noise resulting from differences in model setups. For agricultural impact assessments, employing a GGCM ensemble with its widely varying assumptions in setups appears the best solution for bracketing such uncertainties as long as comprehensive global datasets taking into account regional differences in crop management, cultivar distributions and coefficients for parameterizing agro-environmental processes are lacking. Finally, we recommend improvements in the documentation of setups and input data of GGCMs in order to allow for sound interpretability, comparability and reproducibility of published results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document